ASTM D9-09a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
Standard Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a repository of definitions essential for the business of Committee D07.
1.2 The following criteria shall be followed by Subcommittee D07.91 in selecting terms and associated definitions for inclusion in this terminology.
1.2.1 Terms and associated definitions shall be selected if they are in general use in the conduct of the standards over which D07 has jurisdiction.
1.2.2 Terms and associated definitions in general industrial or technical use that are not unique to wood or wood-based products are not included.
1.2.3 Terms and associated definitions that are unique to a single D07 standard and defined therein or generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources may not be included in this terminology.
1.3 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee D07 is responsible, it is included in this terminology only when judged an essential term by Subcommittee D07.91.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in discussion notes.
1.5 Terms and definitions shall be reviewed every 5 years; the year of last review is appended.
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Designation:D9–09a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wood and Wood-Based Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thedefinitionscontainedhereinconstitutealexiconoftermsofgeneralinterest.Definitionsinmore
specialized wood product or process use will be found in other standards. These include Practice
D245, Terminology D907, Terminology D1038, Nomenclature D1165, Terminology D1554, Termi-
nology F547, Practice D2555, and Terminology C274.
1. Scope D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
1.1 This terminology covers a repository of definitions
lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
essential for the business of Committee D07.
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
1.2 The following criteria shall be followed by Subcommit-
D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
tee D07.91 in selecting terms and associated definitions for
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
inclusion in this terminology.
woods
1.2.1 Terms and associated definitions shall be selected if
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-
they are in general use in the conduct of the standards over
ticle Panel Materials
which D07 has jurisdiction.
3
D2016 Test for Moisture Content of Wood
1.2.2 Terms and associated definitions in general industrial
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Val-
or technical use that are not unique to wood or wood-based
ues
products are not included.
F547 Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-
1.2.3 Terms and associated definitions that are unique to a
Base Materials
single D07 standard and defined therein or generally under-
stood or adequately defined in other readily available sources
3. Terminology
may not be included in this terminology.
1.3 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which allowable properties—mechanical properties of materials as
prepared for design use. Allowable properties of wood are
Committee D07 is responsible, it is included in this terminol-
ogy only when judged an essential term by Subcommittee identified with stress-grade descriptions and reflect the
orthotropicstructureofwood.Oftenconsideredsynonymous
D07.91.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor- with allowable unit stresses, working stresses, and design
stresses.
mation included in discussion notes.
1.5 Terms and definitions shall be reviewed every 5 years; AmericanSoftwoodLumberStandard—avoluntaryproduct
standard of the U.S. Department of Commerce which serves
the year of last review is appended.
as a basis for the preparation and revision of industry-
2. Referenced Documents
sponsored grading rules for lumber.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: American standard lumber—lumber conforming to the basic
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions provisions of the American Softwood Lumber Standard.
annualring—thegrowthlayerproducedbythetreeinasingle
growth year, including earlywood and latewood.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood
bark pocket—the layer of a tree outside the cambium com-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.91 on Terminology and
prising the inner bark and the outer bark.
Editorial.
bark product—an opening between annual growth rings that
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
approved in 1907. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D9 – 09. DOI:
contains bark. Bark pockets appear as dark streaks on radial
10.1520/D0009-09A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D9–09a
surfaces and as rounded areas on tangential surfaces. cell—a general term for the minute units of wood structure
inner bark—the layer of living bark (phloem) that separates having distinct cell walls and cell cavities including wood
theouterbarkfromthecambiumandwhichinthelivingtree fibers, vessel segments, and other elements of diverse
generally is moist and soft. structure and function.
outer bark—the layer of dead bark outside the inner bark, cellulose—the carbohydr
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D9–09 Designation:D9–09a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wood and Wood-Based Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thedefinitionscontainedhereinconstitutealexiconoftermsofgeneralinterest.Definitionsinmore
specialized wood product or process use will be found in other standards. These include Practice
D245, Terminology D907, Terminology D1038, Nomenclature D1165, Terminology D1554, Termi-
nology F547, Practice D2555, and Terminology C274.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a repository of definitions essential for the business of Committee D07.
1.2 The following criteria shall be followed by Subcommittee D07.91 in selecting terms and associated definitions for inclusion
in this terminology.
1.2.1 Terms and associated definitions shall be selected if they are in general use in the conduct of the standards over which
D07 has jurisdiction.
1.2.2 Terms and associated definitions in general industrial or technical use that are not unique to wood or wood-based products
are not included.
1.2.3 Terms and associated definitions that are unique to a single D07 standard and defined therein or generally understood or
adequately defined in other readily available sources may not be included in this terminology.
1.3 When a term is used in anASTM document for which Committee D07 is responsible, it is included in this terminology only
when judged an essential term by Subcommittee D07.91.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in discussion notes.
1.5 Terms and definitions shall be reviewed every 5 years; the year of last review is appended.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
3
D2016 Test for Moisture Content of Wood
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
F547 Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base Materials
3. Terminology
allowable properties—mechanical properties of materials as prepared for design use.Allowable properties of wood are identified
with stress-grade descriptions and reflect the orthotropic structure of wood. Often considered synonymous with allowable unit
stresses, working stresses, and design stresses.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.91 on Terminology and Editorial.
Current edition approved May 1,Nov. 15, 2009. Published June 2009.January 2010. Originally approved in 1907. Last previous edition approved in 20052009 as
D9–05.D9 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D0009-09A.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D9–09a
American Softwood Lumber Standard—a voluntary product standard of the U.S. Department of Commerce which serves as a
basis for the preparation and revision of industry-sponsored grading rules for lumber.
American standard lumber—lumber conforming to the basic provisions of the American Softwood Lumber Standard.
annual ring—the growth layer produced by the tree in a single growth year, including earlywood and latewood.
bark pocket—the layer of a tree outside the cambium comprising the inner bark and the outer bark.
bark product—an opening between annual growth rings that contains bark. Bark pockets appear as dark streaks on radial
surfaces and as rounded areas on tangential surfaces.
inner bark—the layer of living bark (phloem) that separates the outer bark from the cambium and which
...
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