ASTM D56-02a

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids with a viscosity below 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F), or below 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 25°C (77°F), and a flash point below 93°C (200°F).
1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 40°C (104°F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 25°C (77°F); a flash point of 93°C (200°F) or higher; a tendency to form a surface film under test conditions; or containing suspended solids, Test Method D 93 can be used.
1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D 1310 and D 3143.
Note 1—The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA) and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under 37.8°C (100°F) are flammable as determined by this test method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F) or 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or less at 25°C (77°F), or do not contain suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these departments for liquids using this test method.
1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 Related Standards are Test Methods D 93, D 1310, D 3828, D 3278, and D 3941.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 8.2 and 8.3 and refer to Material Safety Data Sheets.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2002
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.08 - Volatility

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D56-02 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D56-05 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
• Effective Date: 01-May-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C461-23 - Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7215-22 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis of Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F718-22 - Standard Specification for Shipbuilders and Marine Paints and Coatings Product/Procedure Data Sheet
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C647-19 - Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6038-21 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6361/D6361M-98(2020) - Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E502-21a - Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2880-23 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D235-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3278-21 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5363-16 - Standard Specification for Anaerobic Single-Component Adhesives (AN)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6448-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D56–02a
Standard Test Method for
1
Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 56;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
To ensure an acceptable precision, this dynamic flash point test method employs a prescribed rate
of temperature rise for the material under test. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the
precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To
improve the prediction of flammability,Test Method D 3941, which utilizes a slower heating rate, was
developed. Test Method D 3941 provides conditions closer to equilibrium where the vapor above the
liquid and the liquid are at about the same temperature. If a specification requires Test Method D 56,
do not change to D 3941 or other test method without permission from the specifier.
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
point under 37.8°C (100°F) are flammable as determined by this test
1. Scope*
2
method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm /s (cSt) at
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash
2
40°C (104°F) or 9.5 mm /s (cSt) or less at 25°C (77°F), or do not contain
point, by tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids
suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while
2
with a viscosity below 5.5 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F), or
under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these
2
below 9.5 mm /s (cSt) at 25°C (77°F), and a flash point below departments for liquids using this test method.
93°C (200°F).
1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe
1.1.1 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
2
following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
2
40°C (104°F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm /s (cSt) or more at 25°C
cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire
(77°F); a flash point of 93°C (200°F) or higher; a tendency to
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
form a surface film under test conditions; or containing
conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as
suspended solids, Test Method D 93 can be used.
elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of
1.1.2 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D 1310
the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard
and D 3143.
of a particular end use.
2
1.3 Related standards are Test Methods D 93, D 1310,
NOTE 1—The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA) and U.S.
Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash D 3828, D 3278, and D 3941.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originally responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
approved in 1918. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 56–02.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
ForinformationonUnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportationregulations,see
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Codes of United States Regulation 49 CFR Chapter 1 and for information on United
statements see 8.2 and 8.3 and refer to Material Safety Data
States Department of Labor regulations, see Code of United States Regulation 29
CFR Chapter XVII. Each of these items are revised annually and may be procured
Sheets.
from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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