ASTM E1187-97
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment (Withdrawn 2006)
Standard Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment (Withdrawn 2006)
SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines terms related to conformity assessment. It includes terms used in those standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E36. When definitions are those used by other ASTM committees, the committee designation is given in parentheses after the definition. When definitions are based on those used by other organizations, the symbol or abbreviation of the name of the organization is given. In either case, a postscript letter is used to indicate the degree of correspondence between the definition given herein and that in the citation. Postscript "A " indicates the definition is identical to the definition cited by the organization indicated. Postscript "B " indicates the given definition is a modification of that cited, though the essential meaning differs little. Postscript "C" indicates the given definition differs substantially from the one cited.
1.2 Since conformity assessment is being carried out by many accrediting bodies in several fields of testing and numerous product areas, usage of descriptive terms varies considerably. There is no attempt to include all conformity assessment terms in this standard, but to concentrate on those most commonly encountered.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This standard defines terms related to conformity assessment.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E36 on Criteria for the Evaluation of Testing and Inspection Agencies, this terminology was withdrawn in January 2006.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation:E1187–97
Standard Terminology Relating to
Conformity Assessment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1187; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Building Components in Accordance with Test Methods
Promulgated by ASTM Committee E-16
1.1 Thisstandarddefinestermsrelatedtoconformityassess-
E 1267 Guide for ASTM Standard Specification Quality
ment. It includes terms used in those standards under the
Statements
jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-36. When definitions are
2.2 ANSI Standard:
those used by other ASTM committees, the committee desig-
A3-1987 Quality Systems Terminology
nation is given in parentheses after the definition. When
2.3 ISO Standard:
definitions are based on those used by other organizations, the
ISO/Guide 2 General Terms and Their Definitions Concern-
symbol or abbreviation of the name of the organization is
ing Standardization, Certification and Testing Laboratory
given. In either case, a postscript letter is used to indicate the
Accreditation
degree of correspondence between the definition given herein
2.4 Other Document:
and that in the citation. Postscript “A” indicates the definition
Laboratory Accreditation—Principles and Practice, Col-
is identical to the definition cited by the organization indicated.
lected Reports 1979-1983 (ILAC Task Force C Reports)
Postscript “ B” indicates the given definition is a modification
of that cited, though the essential meaning differs little.
3. Terminology : Terms and Their Definitions
Postscript “ C” indicates the given definition differs substan-
tially from the one cited. accreditation—procedure by which an authoritative body
gives formal recognition that a body or person is competent
1.2 Since conformity assessment is being carried out by
many accrediting bodies in several fields of testing and to carry out specific tasks, (ISO Guide 2).
accreditation criteria, for laboratory accreditation, n—set of
numerous product areas, usage of descriptive terms varies
considerably. There is no attempt to include all conformity requirements used by an accrediting body which a testing
laboratory must meet to be accredited, (ISO Guide 2, A).
assessment terms in this standard, but to concentrate on those
accredited laboratory—testing laboratory to which accredi-
most commonly encountered.
tation has been granted, (ISO Guide 2, A).
2. Referenced Documents
accredited laboratory test report—test report that includes a
2.1 ASTM Standards: statementbythetestinglaboratorythatitisaccreditedforthe
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi- test reported and that the test has been performed in
als accordance with the conditions prescribed by the accrediting
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell body, (ISO Guide 2, A).
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials accrediting body—governmental or non-governmental body
E 92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate- that conducts and administers a laboratory accreditation
rials system and grants accreditation, (ISO Guide 2, A).
E 384 Test Method for Microhardness of Materials assessment, of a laboratory—the activity of evaluating a
E 699 Practice for Criteria for Evaluation of Agencies laboratory’s compliance with accreditation criteria.
Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating
1 4
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-36 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Criteria for the Evaluation of Testing and Inspection Agencies and is the direct Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
responsibility of Subcommittee E36.50 on Support Operations. Available from American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, NY,
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1997. Published March 1998. Originally NY 10018.
published as E 1187 – 87. Last previous edition E 1187 – 96. Available from ISO, 1 rue de Varembé, Case Postale 56, Crt 1221. Geneve 20,
There were numerous other sources consulted, but not specifically used, to Switzerland.
formulate definitions for the above terms. AvailablefromAmericanAssociationforLaboratoryAccreditation,656Quince
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. Orchard Rd.-704, Gaithersburg, MD 20878.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1187–97
assessor, of a laboratory—an individual who carries out some any conflicting arguments, (ISO Guide 2).
or all functions related to laboratory assessment, (ISO Guide deficiency—departure from, or noncompliance with, specified
2, B). accreditation criteria.
assurance of conformity—procedure resulting in a statement entity—that which can be individually described and consid-
giving confidence that a product, process or service fulfills ered.
specified requirements, (ISO Guide 2).
DISCUSSION—An entity may be, for example: an activity or process,
a product, an organization, a system or a person, or any combination
DISCUSSION—for a product, the statement may be in the form of a
thereof.
document, a label or other equivalent means. It may also be printed in
or applied on a communication, a catalog, an invoice, a user instruc-
field of testing—broad sphere of science, engineering, or
tions manual, etc. relating to the product.
technology used to describe a general area of testing for
authority—bodythathaslegalpowersandrights,(EN45020).
classification purposes only. (For accreditation purposes,
bilateral agreement—recognition arrangement that covers
fields of testing are subdivided into specific tests, groups of
acceptanceofeachother’sresultsbytwoparties,(ISOGuide
tests, or product areas.)
2).
generic criteria, for laboratory accreditation,
calibration—the set of operations that establishes, under
n—accreditation criteria expressed in general terms which
specified conditions, the relationship between values indi-
address organization, human and material resources, operat-
cated by a measuring instrument or measuring system, or
ingprocedures,calibrationandqualityassurancepracticesof
values represented by a material, and the corresponding
a laboratory.
known values of measurement, (ISO Guide 25).
inspection—process of measuring, examining, testing, gaging,
calibration laboratory—laboratory that performs calibration,
or using other procedures to ascertain the quality or state,
(ISO Guide 25).
detect errors or defects, or otherwise appraise materials,
calibration method—defined technical procedure for per-
products, services, systems, or environments to a pre-
forming a calibration, (ISO Guide 25).
established standard.
certificate of competence—document issued under the rules
inspection agency—see inspection body, (ISO Guide 2).
of a certification system indicating that adequate confidence
inspection body—body that performs inspection services on
is provided that the named person is competent in perform-
behalf of a certification body, (ISO Guide 2).
ing specific services, (EN 45020).
interlaboratory test comparison—organization, performance
certificate of conformity—document issued under the rules of
and evaluation of tests on the same or similar items or
a certification system, indicating that adequate confidence is
materials by two or more laboratories in accordance with
provided that a duty identified product, process or service is
predetermined conditions, (ISO Guide 2).
in conformity with a specific standard or other normative
laboratory accreditation—formal recognition that a testing
document, (ISO Guide 2).
laboratory is competent to carry out specific tests or specific
certification body—body that conducts certification of con-
types of tests, (ISO Guide 2, B).
formity, (ISO Guide 2).
laboratory accreditation system—system having its own
rules of procedure and management, for carrying out labo-
DISCUSSION—A certification body may operate its own testing and
ratory accreditation, (ISO Guide 2, A).
inspection activities or oversee these activities carried out on its behalf
by other bodies, (ISO Guide 2). laboratory assessor—person who carries out some or all
functions related to laboratory assessment, (ISO Guide 2).
certification scheme—certification system as related to speci-
mark of conformity, (for certification)—protected mark, ap-
fied products, processes or services to which the same
plied or issued under the rules of a certification system,
particular standards and rules, and the same procedure,
indicating that adequate confidence is provided that the
apply, (ISO Guide 2).
relevant product, process or service is in conformity with a
certification system—system that has its own rules of proce-
specific standard or other normative document, (ISO Guide
dure and management for carrying out certification of
2).
conformity, (ISO Guide 2).
multilateral arrangement—recognition arrangement that
conformity—fulfillment by a product, process or service of
covers the acceptance of each other’s results by more than
specified requirements, (ISO Guide 2).
two parties, (ISO Guide 2)
conformity surveillance—evaluation for conformity to deter-
nonconformity—the nonfulfillment of specified requirements,
mine the continuing conformity with specified requirements,
(ISO 8402).
(ISO Guide 2).
proficiency testing—determination of laboratory testing per-
conformity testing—evaluation for conformity by means of
formance by means of interlaboratory test comparisons,
testing, (EN 45020).
(ISO Guide 2).
consensus—general agreement, characterized by the absence
quality—totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its
of substantial issues by any important part of the concerned
ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.
interests and by a process that involves seeking to take into
account the views of all parties concerned and to reconcile
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