ASTM C1322-02a

Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics

SCOPE
1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide an efficient and consistent methodology to locate and characterize fracture origins in advanced ceramics. It is applicable to advanced ceramics which are brittle; that is, the material adheres to Hooke's Law up to fracture. In such materials, fracture commences from a single location which is termed the fracture origin. The fracture origin in brittle ceramics normally consists of some irregularity or singularity in the material which acts as a stress concentrator. In the parlance of the engineer or scientist, these irregularities are termed flaws or defects. The latter should not be construed to mean that the material has been prepared improperly or is somehow faulty.
1.2 Although this practice is primarily intended for laboratory test piece analysis, the general concepts and procedures may be applied to component failure analyses as well. In many cases, component failure analysis may be aided by cutting laboratory test pieces out of the component. Information gleaned from testing the laboratory pieces (for example, flaw types, general fracture features, fracture mirror constants) may then aid interpretation of component fractures. For more information on component fracture analysis, see Ref (1).
1.3 This practice supersedes Military Handbook 790.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2002
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• ICS: 81.060.99 - Other standards related to ceramics
• Technical Committee: C28 - Advanced Ceramics
• Drafting Committee: C28.01 - Mechanical Properties and Performance

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1322-02 - Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM C1322-05 - Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1368-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Rate Strength Testing at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1834-16 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing (Stress Rupture) at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1862-17 - Standard Test Method for the Nominal Joint Strength of End-Plug Joints in Advanced Ceramic Tubes at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1683-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Size Scaling of Tensile Strengths Using Weibull Statistics for Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1499-19 - Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1273-18 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1239-13(2018) - Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1465-08(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate Flexural Testing at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1495-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Effect of Surface Grinding on Flexure Strength of Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1684-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature—Cylindrical Rod Strength
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1421-18 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1525-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Shock Resistance for Advanced Ceramics by Water Quenching
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1322 – 02a
Standard Practice for
Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in
1
Advanced Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C 1036 Specification for Flat Glass
C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide an efficient
C 1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
and consistent methodology to locate and characterize fracture
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
origins in advanced ceramics. It is applicable to advanced
C 1211 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
ceramics which are brittle; that is, the material adheres to
Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
Hooke’s Law up to fracture. In such materials, fracture
C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
commences from a single location which is termed the fracture
Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced
origin.The fracture origin in brittle ceramics normally consists
Ceramics
of some irregularity or singularity in the material which acts as
C 1256 Practice for Interpreting Glass Fracture Surface
a stress concentrator. In the parlance of the engineer or
Features
scientist, these irregularities are termed flaws or defects. The
F 109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
latter should not be construed to mean that the material has
Ceramics
been prepared improperly or is somehow faulty.
2.2 Military Standard:
1.2 Although this practice is primarily intended for labora-
Military Handbook 790, Fractography and Characteriza-
tory test piece analysis, the general concepts and procedures
tion of Fracture Origins inAdvanced Structural Ceramics,
may be applied to component failure analyses as well. In many
4
1992
cases, component failure analysis may be aided by cutting
laboratory test pieces out of the component. Information
3. Terminology
gleaned from testing the laboratory pieces (for example, flaw
3.1 General—The following terms are given as a basis for
types, general fracture features, fracture mirror constants) may
identifying fracture origins that are common to advanced
then aid interpretation of component fractures. For more
2 ceramics. It should be recognized that origins can manifest
information on component fracture analysis, see Ref (1).
themselves differently in various materials.The photographs in
1.3 This practice supersedes Military Handbook 790.
Appendix X1 show examples of the origins defined in 3.11 and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.20. Terms that are contained in other ASTM standards are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
noted at the end of the each definition.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 advanced ceramic, n—a highly engineered, high-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
performance, predominately nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material having specific functional attributes. C1145
2. Referenced Documents 3.3 brittle fracture, n—fracturethattakesplacewithlittleor
3
no preceding plastic deformation.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4 flaw, n—a structural discontinuity in an advanced ce-
C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
ramic body that acts as a highly localized stress raiser.
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
Products
NOTE 1—The presence of such discontinuities does not necessarily
imply that the ceramic has been prepared improperly or is faulty.
1
3.5 fractography, n—means and methods for characterizing
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced
Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.02 on Reliability.
fractured specimens or components. C1145
Current edition approved December 10, 2002. Published June 2003. Originally
published as C 1322 – 96. Last previous edition C 1322 – 02a.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
4
this standard. Available from Army Research Laboratory-Materials Directorate, Aberdeen
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. Proving Ground, MD 21005.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C 1322 – 02a
NOTE 3—Machining may result in the formation of surface or subsur-
3.6 fracture origin, n—the source from which brittle frac-
face dam
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