ASTM F2082/F2082M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and Free Recovery
Standard Test Method for Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and Free Recovery
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid, economical method for determination of transformation temperatures.
5.2 Measurement of the specimen motion closely parallels many shape memory applications and provides a result that is applicable to the function of the material.
5.3 This test method uses wire, tube, or strip samples; thus, it is able to provide an assessment of the product in its semifinished form.
5.4 This test method may be used on annealed samples to determine the transformation temperatures and assure the alloy formulation, since chemical analysis is not precise enough to determine adequately the nickel-to-titanium ratio of shape memory alloys.
5.5 Transformation temperatures derived from this test method may differ from those derived from other methods as a result of the effects of strain and load on the transformation temperature.
5.6 The test method is applicable to shape memory alloys with Af temperatures in the range of approximately –25 to ± 90°C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the martensite-to-austenite transformation temperatures of either fully annealed or heat-treated nickel titanium alloys by measuring the deformation recovered during the thermal transformation.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2082/F2082M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-
1
Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and Free Recovery
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2082/F2082M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
Alloys
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
the martensite-to-austenite transformation temperatures of ei-
3. Terminology
ther fully annealed or heat-treated nickel titanium alloys by
measuring the deformation recovered during the thermal trans- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
formation.
3.1.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
method are found in Terminology F2005.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 3.1.2 free recovery—unconstrained motion of a shape
memory alloy upon heating and transformation to austenite
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining after deformation in a lower temperature phase.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.3 A —austenite finish temperature of a finished wire,
f-95
with this standard.
tube, or component measured by bend and free recovery using
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the 95 percent recoverable deformation methodology.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 A —austenite finish temperature of a finished wire,
f-tan
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tube, or component measured by bend and free recovery using
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the tangent methodology.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Abbreviations:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.2.1 LVDT—linear variable differential transducer.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 RVDT—rotary variable differential transducer.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Summary of Test Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This test method involves cooling a test specimen to its
2. Referenced Documents
nominally fully martensitic phase, deforming the specimen,
2
and heating the specimen to its fully austenitic phase. During
2.1 ASTM Standards:
heating, the motion of the specimen is measured and plotted
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
versus the specimen temperature. For a two-stage
ASTM Test Methods
transformation, the R’ , R’, A , and A, as defined in Terminol-
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By s f s f
ogy F2005, are determined using the tangent methodology. For
Comparison Techniques
a single-stage transformation, the A and A are determined
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to s f
using the tangent methodology. Alternatively, for either single
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
or two-stage transformation material, the A may be measured
f
using the 95 percent recoverable deformation methodology.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5. Significance and Use
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
5.1 This test method provides a rapid, economical method
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2082 – 15. DOI:
for determination of transformation temperatures.
10.1520/F2082_F2082M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Measurement of the specimen motion closely parallels
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
many shape memory applications and provides a result that is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. applicable to the function of the material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2082/F2082M − 16
5.3 This test method uses wir
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2082 − 15 F2082/F2082M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-
1
Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and Free Recovery
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2082;F2082/F2082M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the martensite-to-austenite transformation temperatures of either
fully annealed or heat-treated nickel titanium alloys by measuring the deformation recovered during the thermal transformation.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015April 1, 2016. Published July 2015May 2016. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20062015 as
F2082 – 06F2082 – 15., which was withdrawn in January 2015 and reinstated in May 2015. DOI: 10.1520/F2082-15. DOI: 10.1520/F2082-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2082/F2082M − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test method are found in Terminology F2005.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test method are found in Terminology F2005.
3.1.2 free recovery—unconstrained motion of a shape memory alloy upon heating and transformation to austenite after
deformation in a lower temperature phase.
3.1.3 A —austenite finish temperature of a finished wire, tube, or component measured by bend and free recovery using the
f-95
95 percent recoverable deformation methodology.
3.1.4 A —austenite finish temperature of a finished wire, tube, or component measured by bend and free recovery using the
f-tan
tangent methodology.
3.2 free recovery—unconstrained motion of a shape memory alloy upon heating and transformation to austenite after
deformation in a lower temperature phase.
3.2 Abbreviations:
3.2.1 LVDT—linear variable differential transducer.
3.2.2 RVDT—rotary variable differential transducer.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method involves cooling a test specimen to its nominally fully martensitic phase, deforming the specimen, and
heating the specimen to its fully austenitic phase. During heating, the motion of the specimen is measured and plotted versus the
specimen temperature. For a two-stage transformation, the R’ ,R’ ,A , and A , as defined in Terminology F2005, are determined.
s f s f
determined using the tangent methodology. For a single-stage transformation, the A and A are determined.determined using the
s f
tangent methodology. Alternatively, for either single or two-stage transformation material, the A may be measured using the 95
f
percent recoverable deformation methodology.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a rapid, economical method for determination of transformation temperatures.
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2082/F2082M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Transformation Temperature of Nickel-
1
Titanium Shape Memory Alloys by Bend and Free Recovery
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2082/F2082M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
Alloys
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining
the martensite-to-austenite transformation temperatures of ei-
3. Terminology
ther fully annealed or heat-treated nickel titanium alloys by
measuring the deformation recovered during the thermal trans-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
formation.
3.1.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
method are found in Terminology F2005.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.2 free recovery—unconstrained motion of a shape
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each memory alloy upon heating and transformation to austenite
after deformation in a lower temperature phase.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.3 A —austenite finish temperature of a finished wire,
f-95
with this standard.
tube, or component measured by bend and free recovery using
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the 95 percent recoverable deformation methodology.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 A —austenite finish temperature of a finished wire,
f-tan
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tube, or component measured by bend and free recovery using
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the tangent methodology.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Abbreviations:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.2.1 LVDT—linear variable differential transducer.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.2 RVDT—rotary variable differential transducer.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Summary of Test Method
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This test method involves cooling a test specimen to its
2. Referenced Documents
nominally fully martensitic phase, deforming the specimen,
2
and heating the specimen to its fully austenitic phase. During
2.1 ASTM Standards:
heating, the motion of the specimen is measured and plotted
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
versus the specimen temperature. For a two-stage
ASTM Test Methods
transformation, the R’ , R’ , A , and A , as defined in Terminol-
s f s f
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
ogy F2005, are determined using the tangent methodology. For
Comparison Techniques
a single-stage transformation, the A and A are determined
s f
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
using the tangent methodology. Alternatively, for either single
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
or two-stage transformation material, the A may be measured
f
using the 95 percent recoverable deformation methodology.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5. Significance and Use
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
5.1 This test method provides a rapid, economical method
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2082 – 15. DOI:
for determination of transformation temperatures.
10.1520/F2082_F2082M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Measurement of the specimen motion closely parallels
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
many shape memory applications and provides a result that is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. applicable to the function of the material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2082/F2082M − 16
5.3 This test method uses wire, tube, or strip samples; thus, 6.5 Bath of Heat Transfer Fluid, for example, denatured
it is able to provide an assessment o
...
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