ASTM E32-86(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling Ferroalloys and Steel Additives for Determination of Chemical Composition
Standard Practices for Sampling Ferroalloys and Steel Additives for Determination of Chemical Composition
SCOPE
1.1 These practices include procedures for the sampling of the various ferroalloys and steel additives, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers. They are designed to give results representative of each lot that will be comparable with the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis for the same lot. For check analysis, the purchaser may use any sampling procedure he desires, but the analytical results obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for complaint or rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy equivalent to that prescribed in these methods.
1.2 In sampling ferroalloys and steel additives, serious errors often occur from contamination of the samples by iron from the sampling appliances. Therefore, special precautions should be observed to avoid this source of error. Metallic iron may be removed with a magnet from nonmagnetic alloys; its estimation in other alloys requires special analytical procedures (Note 1). To avoid this error, parts of crushers and pulverizing equipment contacting the samples shall be of steel or other material showing a high resistance to abrasion of the type involved.
Note 1—Metallic iron in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon may be determined as follows: Transfer 5 g of the sample of alloy to a 150-mL beaker, add 25 mL of HNO3 (1 + 3), cover, boil 5 min, filter into a 250-mL beaker, and wash with hot water. Add NH4OH in slight excess, heat to boiling, filter, and wash with hot water. Dissolve the precipitate on the paper with a minimum quantity of hot HCl (1 + 2), wash the filter with hot water, and titrate the iron by a standard procedure such as that described in Methods E 38.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values in parenthesis are given for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E32–86 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Ferroalloys and Steel Additives for Determination
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of Chemical Composition
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE 32;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These practices include procedures for the sampling of
thevariousferroalloysandsteeladditives,eitherbeforeorafter E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
shipment from the plants of the manufacturers. They are Purposes
designed to give results representative of each lot that will be E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium
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comparable with the manufacturer’s guaranteed analysis for and Nickel-Chromum-Iron Alloys.
the same lot. For check analysis, the purchaser may use any E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
sampling procedure he desires, but the analytical results Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for complaint or
3. Terminology
rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy
3.1 Definitions—Except as defined as follows, for defini-
equivalent to that prescribed in these methods.
1.2 In sampling ferroalloys and steel additives, serious tions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology E 135.
errors often occur from contamination of the samples by iron
4. Significance and Use
from the sampling appliances. Therefore, special precautions
4.1 Thesepracticesforthesamplingofmetalsandalloysare
should be observed to avoid this source of error. Metallic iron
primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with
may be removed with a magnet from nonmagnetic alloys; its
compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use
estimationinotheralloysrequiresspecialanalyticalprocedures
these methods will be trained samplers capable of performing
(Note 1). To avoid this error, parts of crushers and pulverizing
common sampling procedures skillfully and safely.
equipment contacting the samples shall be of steel or other
material showing a high resistance to abrasion of the type
5. Apparatus for Preparing Samples
involved.
5.1 The following equipment is required for the preparation
NOTE 1—Metallic iron in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon may be
of analytical samples of ferroalloys:
determined as follows: Transfer5gofthe sample of alloy to a 150-mL
5.1.1 Crusher—A strongly built jaw crusher capable of
beaker,add25mLofHNO (1 + 3),cover,boil5min,filterintoa250-mL
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rapidly crushing 100-mm (4-in.) lumps to sizes 6.4 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
beaker, and wash with hot water. Add NH OH in slight excess, heat to
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and smaller shall be used. The crushing plates of this machine
boiling, filter, and wash with hot water. Dissolve the precipitate on the
paper with a minimum quantity of hot HCl (1 + 2), wash the filter with hot
shall be made of a hard and abrasion-resistant steel, such as
water, and titrate the iron by a standard procedure such as that described
manganesesteeloraproperlyhardenedalloyorhypereutectoid
in MethodsE38.
carbon steel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 5.1.2 Roll Crusher—A roll crusher, the rolls of which are
standard. The inch-pound values in parenthesis are given for
fitted with tires of hardened and tempered chromium steel to
information only. avoid iron contamination of the sample, shall be used to reduce
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the 6.4-mm ( ⁄4-in.) pieces to a particle size that will pass the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve and be retained on the No. 20
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(850-µm) sieve.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.1.3 Riffles—Riffles, also designated as Jones dividers, are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
usually preferable to the use of hand methods for dividing
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These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores and Related Materials and are the direct contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 32 – 86 (2001). Withdrawn.
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