ASTM E88-91(1996)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and alloys in cast form for remelting or mechanical working.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
Note 1--The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases, each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which it was made.
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for sampling of a particular material.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 88 – 91 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope designate the final form of the material submitted for analysis
(drillings, millings, etc.). A representative sample may best be
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination
defined as a small part containing the same components in the
of chemical composition (Note 1) of nonferrous metals and
same proportions as they occur in the relatively large mass of
alloys in cast form for remelting or mechanical working.
the original lot or lots of material.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E 255 for copper and copper alloys.
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the prepa- 4. Selection of Portion
ration of a representative sample from such portions are necessary
4.1 A portion representative of the total shipment or lot shall
prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the
be taken for sampling. This portion shall be so selected that a
sample actually represents the average composition of the material from
minimum wastage of material is incurred, consistent with the
which it was selected.
required accuracy in sampling.
1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the
4.2 The number of ingots, slabs, etc., selected to constitute
manufacturer, the heat sample and analysis may be accepted as
this portion shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM
representative of the composition of the metal. In such cases,
specifications covering that particular material.
each lot must be properly identified with the heats from which
it was made.
5. Preparation of Sample
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the general principles
5.1 Machinable materials shall be sampled by drilling,
of sampling applicable to nonferrous metals in cast form and is
milling, or sawing. Materials that are too difficult to machine
not intended to supersede or replace existing specification
may be ground or crushed.
requirements for sampling of a particular material.
5.2 Machinable materials in form of bar, billet, ingot, slab,
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
cake, etc., shall be sampled by drilling five holes approxi-
as the standard.
mately 1.27 cm ( ⁄2 in.) in diameter at points equally spaced
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
between the ends of the pieces along a diagonal line. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
drilling shall be through the total thickness and, if necessary,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
drilled from both directions, top and bottom.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Alternatively, any of the forms mentioned in 5.2 may be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
milled or sawed at similar points through a section from side to
center or through an entire cross-section of the piece.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Materials too difficult to be machined, commonly in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lump form, shall be reduced in size by passing through a jaw
E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
or roll crusher or broken in a mortar to a particle size that will
Determination of Chemical Composition
pass a No. 14 (1.40-mm) sieve.
3. Terminology
6. Details of Sampling
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.1 The ingots, slabs, etc., selected for the preparation of the
3.1.1 portion—the term “portion” is used in this practice to
sample for chemical analysis, when testing for compliance
designate the selected ingots, slabs, etc., from which the
with specifications, shall be cleaned, if necessary, to remove
sample is prepared.
scale, dirt, oil, grease, etc.
3.1.2 sample—the term “sample” is used in this practice to
6.2 The saw, drills, cutter, or other tools used for sampling
shall be thoroughly cleaned prior to use. Depth of cut, speed of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-1 on Analytical
cutting, etc., shall be so regulated that excessive heating and
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the di
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