ASTM D7-27
(Test Method)Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Aggregates (Withdrawn 1938)
Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Aggregates (Withdrawn 1938)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
•
STANDARD METHOD OF 1\'.fECHANlCJ\L AN/\LY~TS
OP
SAND 01< OTI·lft:R FINE HIGHWAY MATF.lUJ\L,
EXCEPT FJNE AGGREGATES USED IN
1
Cl!.1\fENT CON CJ~ gTE
Serini Designation: D 7 - 27
This niclhotl is is~w:tl uutler the fi:u,ll 1lcsii;natio11 D 7; I.he final numl ·r
ind1rnt1:s the yt•n- ol origiunl ndoption ns r,tnndnrcl nr, in the c:isc o( revision, t 1e
lt'·u· oC l.tsl rcvit.•on.
Aoormo, 1911; H iw1s1m, l!>lIS, 1927.
I. A reprcsenlalivc lest s unplc of lht! aggregalc weighing SO b.· Sampling.
sha ll he taken.
2. The sample sha!l ·lw drit~d lo r.omta11 I weight al a lcmpcml.ure Treatment
not exr.el!ding 110° C. (230° F.). of Snm11lo,
3. (a) '.l.'hc sample s •mll lie passed through each of the standard Proccdur~.
sieves specified in Ta ble I.2
TATll.1' I.-RHQ.Ullll!MIH'11'S J· Oll 8rnv1~ 0l'E:-llNGS Mill Wurn D1AM1n1ms w n 11
P1m.,11ss1ut.i. VA1t1A T10Ns.'
Tnltl'Qllt~ on
Tolcrou~ Tu!t:tahce
Me1h Vt.111nA,io1J, Sit\"t Opcrnncr: Wiro Uinmclor Wire Di.iutcr,
i•
U. S. Stand•nl per ctnl
'"
Aver>1t MuiU>u Ill
Sl"o fiorico
Opemn~
Oi-i•c.
N'u01bcr
per ttUI
llWI. lfl, min. in. Undor Over
l.>et °""'
--------- ---
--- ---
10 . . . . . . 2.00 0.0787 0.10 0.021Xl ::3 16 30 10
20 . . . . . . . O.SI 0 .0331 0 42 0 .0l&S :H 16 30 26
30 . . . . . . 11.58 . o.u2ai 0 83 IJ.0130 J6 30 u
:H
•o . . O.i2 0 0106 () 26 0 .0098 :H 16 30 26
60 . . . 0 . 207 U.0117 0 .188 O.IXIH .:l.G 16 36
•o
80 . . . . . 0 171 0 .0070 0 110 0.0047 15 36 40
:H
1
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.
4.1.1 These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing.
4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.
4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.
4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.
4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
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1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension
7 to 14
Bend
15
Hardness
16
Brinell
17
Rockwell
18
Portable
19
Impact
20 to 30
Keywords
32
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products
Annex A1
Tubular Products
Annex A2
Fasteners
Annex A3
Round Wire Products
Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing
Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Annex A6
Testing Multi-Wire Strand
Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data
Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars
Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation
Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. The only exception is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing sizes.
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1.4 Table of Contents:
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Test Method
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus
6
Test Engine Configuration
6.1
Test Engine
6.1.1
Test Stand Configuration
6.2
Engine Mounting
6.2.1
Intake Air System
6.2.2
Aftercooler
6.2.3
Exhaust System
6.2.4
Fuel System
6.2.5
Coolant System
6.2.6
Oil System
6.2.7
Oil Volume
6.2.7.1
Pressurized Oil Fill System
6.2.7.2
External Oil System
6.2.7.3
Oil Sample Valve Location
6.2.7.4
Unacceptable Oil System Materials
6.2.7.5
Crankcase Aspiration
6.3
Blowby Rate
6.4
System Time Responses
6.5
Clearance Measurements
6.6
Engine and Cleaning Fluids
7
Engine Oil
7.1
Test Fuel
7.2
Test Coolant
7.3
Solvent
7.4
Preparation of Apparatus
8
Cleaning of Parts
8.1
General
8.1.1
Engine Block
8.1.2
Cylinder Head
8.1.3
Rocker Cover and Oil Pan
8.1.4
External Oil System
8.1.5
Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement
8.1.6
Ring Cleaning and Measurement
8.1.7
Injector Nozzle
8.1.8
Pistons
8.1.9
Engine Assembly
8.2
General
8.2.1
Parts Reuse and Replacement
8.2.2
Build-Up Oil
8.2.3
Coolant Thermostat
8.2.4
Fuel Injectors
8.2.5
New Parts
8.2.6
Operational Measurements
8.3
Units and Formats
8.3.1
Instrumentation Calibration
8.3.2
Fuel Consumption Rate Measurement Calibration
8.3.2.1
Temperature Measurement Calibration
8.3.2.2
Pressure Measurement Calibration
8.3.2.3
Temperatures
8.3.3
Measurement Location
8.3.3.1
Coolant Out Temperature
8.3.3.2
Coolant In Temperature
8.3.3.3
Fuel In Temperature
8.3.3.4
Oil Gallery Temperature
8.3.3.5
Intake Air Temperature
8.3.3.6
Intake Air after Compressor Temperature
8.3.3.7
Intake Manifold Temperature
8.3.3.8
Exhaust Temperature
8.3.3.9
Exhaust after Turbo Temperature
8.3.3.10
Additional Temperatures
8.3.3.11
Pressures
8.3.4
Measurement Location and Equipment
8.3.4.1
Condensation Trap
8.3.4.2
Coolant Pressure
8.3.4.3
Fuel Pressure
8.3.4.4
Oil Gallery Pressure
8.3.4.5
Intake Air Pressure
8.3.4.6
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ABSTRACT
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 60° specular gloss of films of emulsion floor polish after application to a substrate.
Note 1: Specular gloss is one of several related appearance attributes that produce the sensation of glossiness. For this reason, specular gloss measurements may not always correlate well with visual rankings of glossiness.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.3 The reproducibility of test results is dependent upon precise control over all test conditions. Resin type, content and distribution, curing process, filament alignment, gripping in the testing machine, and alignment in the testing machine are of special importance.
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1.2 These test methods also cover the determination of the density and mass per unit length of the yarn, roving, or tow to provide supplementary data for tensile property calculation.
1.3 These test methods include a procedure for sizing removal to provide the preferred desized fiber samples for density measurement. This procedure may also be used to determine the weight percent sizing.
1.4 These test methods include a procedure for determining the weight percent moisture adsorption of carbon or graphite fiber.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the SIM decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.5 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in drainage applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on geonets made from high-density polyethylene. Additional testing on other materials is ongoing.
5.4 R+H testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for compressive creep properties using the stepped isothermal method (SIM).
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic drainage materials such as HDPE geonet specimens.
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.
1.4 Ramp and hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial rapid compressive creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.
1.5 This method can be used to establish the sustained load compressive creep characteristics of a geosynthetic that demonstrates a relationship between time-dependent behavior and temperature. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of compressive creep tests performed at 20 ± 1 °C and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term compressive creep behavior of geosynthetic material.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SCOPE
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