ASTM C322-09
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
Standard Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
ABSTRACT
This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged ceramic whiteware clays. For bulk shipment consisting lumps, samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck during unloading. Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to be done during unloading of the car or truck. For bulk shipment consisting shredded or coarsely ground clay, samples may be taken with a shovel, or with a grain sampler. For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, samples may be taken by a grain-sampler or similar sampling instrument. For a clay shipped in slurry form, a sample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample from any portion of the shipment except by skimming the top surface.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Since many tests are performed using very small amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions be obtained in a standardized manner. The practices described here take into account the possibility of segregation and variability of the ceramic powder in containers of the various sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C322 − 09
StandardPractice for
1
Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* composite lot, by turning with a shovel on a clean floor. The
composite shall then be quartered or riffled to provide a 10-lb
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and
laboratory sample.
bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays.
3.2 Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
be done during unloading of the car or truck.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.3 Where a bulk shipment consists of shredded or coarsely
and are not considered standard.
ground clay, sampling shall be done at 20 points for a 30-ton
(27-Mg) unit; the samples may be taken with a shovel, or with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a grain sampler, if the form of the clay permits. The samples so
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
taken shall then be mixed thoroughly, and quartered or riffled
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to form a 10-lb (4.5–kg) (or proportionately larger) laboratory
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sample.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.4 For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, the number
2. Significance and Use
of samples taken shall depend on the number of units in a
2.1 Since many tests are performed using very small
shipment.Agrain-sampler or similar sampling instrument shall
amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions
be used to take samples which then shall be combined, mixed,
be obtained in a standardized manner. The practices described
and quartered or riffled to obtain a 10-lb (4.5-kg) laboratory
here take into account the possibility of segregation and
sample. Where a shipment consists of 100 bags or less, the
variability of the ceramic powder in containers of the various
number of bags sampled at random shall be not less than 5 and
sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms.
preferably 10.When the number of bags is greater than 100 but
less than 500, the number of bags sampled shall not be less
3. Sampling
than 15. For lots of from 500 to 1000 bags, 20 bags shall be
3.1 Where a bulk shipment consists of lumps, a number of
sampled. For shipments of 1000 to 2000 bags, 30 bags shall be
samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or
sampled at random.
truck during unloading, so that the final sample will represent
3.5 When the clay is shipped in slurry form a representative
an average of all parts of the shipment from top to bottom. For
sample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample from
a 30-ton (27-Mg) unit, no less than 20 samples of approxi-
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C322–03 Designation:C322–09
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Sampling
2.1Where a bulk shipment consists of lumps, a number of samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck
during unloading, so that the final sample will represent an average of all parts of the shipment from top to bottom. For a 30-ton
(27-Mg) unit, no less than 20 samples of approximately 10 lb (4.5 kg) each shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or
truck. This may be done by removal during loading or unloading, at spaced intervals. The lumps shall then be broken to pieces
no larger than 4 in. (102 mm), in the largest dimension, and the several samples shall be made into a composite lot, by turning
with a shovel on a clean floor. The composite shall then be quartered or riffled to provide a 10-lb laboratory sample.
2.2Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to be done during unloading of the car or truck.
2.3Whereabulkshipmentconsistsofshreddedorcoarselygroundclay,samplingshallbedoneat20pointsfora30-ton(27-Mg)
unit; the samples may be taken with a shovel, or with a grain sampler, if the form of the clay permits. The samples so taken shall
then be mixed thoroughly, and quartered or riffled to form a 10-lb (4.5–kg) (or proportionately larger) laboratory sample.
2.4For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, the number of samples taken shall depend on the number of units in a shipment.
Agrain-sampler or similar sampling instrument shall be used to take samples which then shall be combined, mixed, and quartered
or riffled to obtain a 10-lb (4.5-kg) laboratory sample. Where a shipment consists of 100 bags or less, the number of bags sampled
at random shall be not less than 5 and preferably 10. When the number of bags is greater than 100 but less than 500, the number
of bags sampled shall not be less than 15. For lots of from 500 to 1000 bags, 20 bags shall be sampled. For shipments of 1000
to 2000 bags, 30 bags shall be sampled at random.
2.5When the clay is shipped in slurry form a representative sample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample from any
portion of the shipment except by skimming the top surface. If the shipment has been unagitated for a period of two weeks or more
the shipment can be agitated by inserting an air lance to the bottom of the vessel for a period of ten minutes. One two-liter sample
is required.
2.6Preshipment samples of slurries and bulk materials from the supplier can be used, replacing the sampling done when the
shipment is received. Significance and Use
2.1 Since many tests are performed using very small amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions be obtained
in a standardized manner. The practices described here take into account the possibility of segregation and variability of the
ceramic powder in containers of the various sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms.
3. Precision and Bias
3.1Precision— It is not possible to specify the precision of the procedure in this test method beyond stating that the sample size
must be +/- 10% of the weight specified.
3.2Bias—No information can be presented regarding the bias of this procedure. Sampling
3.1 Where a bulk shipment consists of lumps, a number of samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck
during unloading, so that the final sample will represent an average of all parts of the shipment from top to bottom. For a 30-ton
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and i
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C322–03 Designation:C322–09
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling bulk and bagged shipments of ceramic whiteware clays.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Sampling
2.1Where a bulk shipment consists of lumps, a number of samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck
during unloading, so that the final sample will represent an average of all parts of the shipment from top to bottom. For a 30-ton
(27-Mg) unit, no less than 20 samples of approximately 10 lb (4.5 kg) each shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or
truck. This may be done by removal during loading or unloading, at spaced intervals. The lumps shall then be broken to pieces
no larger than 4 in. (102 mm), in the largest dimension, and the several samples shall be made into a composite lot, by turning
with a shovel on a clean floor. The composite shall then be quartered or riffled to provide a 10-lb laboratory sample.
2.2Sampling of hopper car or hopper truck shipments is to be done during unloading of the car or truck.
2.3Whereabulkshipmentconsistsofshreddedorcoarselygroundclay,samplingshallbedoneat20pointsfora30-ton(27-Mg)
unit; the samples may be taken with a shovel, or with a grain sampler, if the form of the clay permits. The samples so taken shall
then be mixed thoroughly, and quartered or riffled to form a 10-lb (4.5–kg) (or proportionately larger) laboratory sample.
2.4For bagged lots of ground or air-floated clay, the number of samples taken shall depend on the number of units in a shipment.
Agrain-sampler or similar sampling instrument shall be used to take samples which then shall be combined, mixed, and quartered
or riffled to obtain a 10-lb (4.5-kg) laboratory sample. Where a shipment consists of 100 bags or less, the number of bags sampled
at random shall be not less than 5 and preferably 10. When the number of bags is greater than 100 but less than 500, the number
of bags sampled shall not be less than 15. For lots of from 500 to 1000 bags, 20 bags shall be sampled. For shipments of 1000
to 2000 bags, 30 bags shall be sampled at random.
2.5When the clay is shipped in slurry form a representative sample may be obtained by taking a single grab sample from any
portion of the shipment except by skimming the top surface. If the shipment has been unagitated for a period of two weeks or more
the shipment can be agitated by inserting an air lance to the bottom of the vessel for a period of ten minutes. One two-liter sample
is required.
2.6Preshipment samples of slurries and bulk materials from the supplier can be used, replacing the sampling done when the
shipment is received. Significance and Use
2.1 Since many tests are performed using very small amounts of powder, it is most important that the test portions be obtained
in a standardized manner. The practices described here take into account the possibility of segregation and variability of the
ceramic powder in containers of the various sizes and numbers, both in dry and slurry forms.
3. Precision and Bias
3.1Precision— It is not possible to specify the precision of the procedure in this test method beyond stating that the sample size
must be +/- 10% of the weight specified.
3.2Bias—No information can be presented regarding the bias of this procedure. Sampling
3.1 Where a bulk shipment consists of lumps, a number of samples shall be taken from different parts of the rail car or truck
during unloading, so that the final sample will represent an average of all parts of the shipment from top to bottom. For a 30-ton
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and i
...
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