ASTM D2339-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Two-Ply Wood Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Two-Ply Wood Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2339 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Strength Properties of Adhesives in Two-Ply Wood
Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2339; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds depends on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order
to ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the
manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of
the following variables:
(1) The moisture content of the wood at the time of bonding.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bondline, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
parative shear strengths of adhesives when tested on a standard
2. Referenced Documents
specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be
D 143 Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Tim-
applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.
ber
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 shear, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, stress, strain,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or failure resulting from applied forces that tends to cause
adjacent planes of a body to slide parallel in opposite direc-
tions.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood
Adhesives.
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
published as D 2339 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2339 – 94a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2339
4. Significance and Use 6.3 Condition the veneer to within 61 % of the moisture
content recommended by the adhesive manufacturer or the
4.1 By the nature of the way adhesives are used in two-ply
party requesting this test. In the absence of any guideline,
wood construction, shear strength is an important performance
condition the veneer to 10 to 12 % moisture content based on
criteria.
the oven dry weight. Check moisture content of recommended
4.2 Shear strength measured by this test method is suitable
samples in accordance with Sections 124 to 127 of Methods
for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality con-
D 143.
trol, and in materials-performance specifications.
6.4 Prepare the adhesive in accordance with the adhesive
manufacturer’s instructions.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Adjust the loading rate of the testing machine between NOTE 2—If a species of lower strength is used and the specimens fail
predominantly in tension at the saw kerfs, prepare and test a new set of
4535 and 7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min). Where the testing
specimens, either by using thicker veneers or by reducing the distance
machine is adjusted by rate of crosshead movement rather than
between the saw kerfs to 12.7 m (0.5 in.) (see Fig. 2).
load application rate, select an appropriate head movement rate
6.5 Apply the adhesive to each veneer in accordance with
so as to yield an average load application rate in the 4535 and
the adhesive manufacturer’s instructions. Allow the prescribed
7560 g/s (600 and 1000 lb/min) range. Provide suitable grips
open assembly time, if any, before reassembling the pieces.
and jaws so that the specimen can be gripped tightly and held
6.6 Assemble the veneer into two-ply panels so that the
in alignment as the load is applied. The grips and jaws shown
grain in the two plies is parallel. Allow the prescribed closed
in Fig. 1 have been found satisfactory. Locate the testing
assembly time, if any, before pressing. Press the assembly
machine in an atmosphere such that the moisture content of the
under the conditions prescribed by the adhesive manufacturer.
specimens developed under the conditions prescribed in Sec-
tion 7 is not noticeably altered d
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