ASTM C78/C78M-15b
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. For the same specimen size, the strength determined will vary if there are differences in specimen preparation, curing procedure, moisture condition at time of testing, and whether the beam was molded or sawed to size.
3.2 The measured modulus of rupture generally increases as the specimen size decreases3,4,5 and it has been shown that the variability of individual test results increases as the specimen size decreases.3,4
3.3 The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with specifications or as a basis for mixture proportioning, evaluating uniformity of mixing, and checking placement operations by using sawed beams. It is used primarily in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and pavements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C78/C78M − 15b
StandardTest Method for
Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with
1
Third-Point Loading)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C78/C78M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheflexural
strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with
strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with
Test Methods C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/
third-point loading.
C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
rupture. For the same specimen size, the strength determined
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
will vary if there are differences in specimen preparation,
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
curing procedure, moisture condition at time of testing, and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
whether the beam was molded or sawed to size.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2 The measured modulus of rupture generally increases as
with the standard.
3,4,5
the specimen size decreases and it has been shown that the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
variability of individual test results increases as the specimen
3,4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
size decreases.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 The results of this test method may be used to determine
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
compliance with specifications or as a basis for mixture
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
proportioning, evaluating uniformity of mixing, and checking
placement operations by using sawed beams. It is used primar-
2. Referenced Documents
ily in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and
2
pavements.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
4. Apparatus
Specimens in the Field
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled 4.1 Testing Machine—The testing machine shall conform to
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete the requirements of the sections on Basis of Verification,
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Corrections, and Time Interval Between Verifications of Prac-
Specimens in the Laboratory ticesE4.Handoperatedtestingmachineshavingpumpsthatdo
C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens not provide a continuous loading in one stroke are not
C1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and Concrete permitted. Motorized pumps or hand operated positive dis-
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
placement pumps having sufficient volume in one continuous
Testing Agency Evaluation stroke to complete a test without requiring replenishment are
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3
Tanesi, J; Ardani, A. Leavitt, J. "Reducing the Specimen Size of Concrete
Flexural Strength Test (AASHTO T97) for Safety and Ease of Handling," Trans-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on portation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No.
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 2342, Transportation Research Board of National Academies, Washington, D.C.,
C09.61 on Testing for Strength. 2013.
4
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2016. Originally Carrasquillo, P.M. and Carrasquillo, R. L “Improved Concrete Quality Control
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C78/C78M – 15a. Procedures Using Third Point Loading”, Research Report 119-1F, Project 3-9-87-
DOI: 10.1520/C0078_C0078M-15B. 1119, Center For Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or November 1987.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Bazant, Z. and Novak, D. "Proposal for Standard Test of Modulus of Rupture
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on of Concrete with its Size Dependence," ACI Materials Journal, January-February
the ASTM website. 2001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C78/C78M − 15a C78/C78M − 15b
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with
1
Third-Point Loading)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C78/C78M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point
loading.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency
Evaluation
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods
C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. The For the
same specimen size, the strength determined will vary whereif there are differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture
condition, curing, or where the beam has been curing procedure, moisture condition at time of testing, and whether the beam was
molded or sawed to size.
3,4,5
3.2 The measured modulus of rupture generally increases as the specimen size decreases and it has been shown that the
3,4
variability of individual test results increases as the specimen size decreases.
3.3 The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with specifications or as a basis for proportioning,
mixing and placement operations. mixture proportioning, evaluating uniformity of mixing, and checking placement operations by
using sawed beams. It is used primarily in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and pavements.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 on
Testing for Strength.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2015. Published June 2015January 2016. Originally approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C78/C78M
– 15.15a. DOI: 10.1520/C0078_C0078M-15A.10.1520/C0078_C0078M-15B.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Tanesi, J; Ardani, A. Leavitt, J. "Reducing the Specimen Size of Concrete Flexural Strength Test (AASHTO T97) for Safety and Ease of Handling," Transportation
Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2342, Transportation Research Board of National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2013.
4
Carrasquillo, P.M. and Carrasquillo, R. L “Improved Concrete Quality Control Procedures Using Third Point Loading”, Research Report 119-1F, Project 3-9-87-1119,
Center For Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin, November 1987.
5
Bazant, Z. and Novak, D. "Proposal for Standard Test of Modulus of Rupture of Concrete with its Size Dependence," ACI Materials Journal, January-February 2001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...
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