ASTM D7453-09(2015)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer System Validation
Standard Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer System Validation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Analyzer systems require representative samples of petroleum products delivered in a timely manner to (1) facilitate the control of process or blending units or (2) calculate a flow proportioned property value.
5.2 Representative samples of petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties. These properties are used to establish the relationship between the analyzer system and the primary test method during initial and ongoing validation of the system.
5.3 Representative samples of petroleum products are tested to determine the chemical and physical properties of a batch offered for tender.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for sample systems employed to deliver process stream samples (1) to analyzer system for analyses or (2) for analyzer validation or (3) for composite sample systems. It also outlines the selection and operation of line or batch sampling equipment intended for analyzer flow proportioned average property value system validation. Sample handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures are required to ensure that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum product is collected from the sampling source.
1.2 Applicable Fluids—This practice is applicable to single liquid phase petroleum products whose vapor pressure at sampling and sample storage conditions is less than or equal to 110 kPa (16.0 psi), and, with a D86 final boiling point less than or equal to 400 °C (752 °F).
1.2.1 Specialized sample handling may be necessary to maintain sample integrity of more volatile materials at high temperatures or extended residence time in the receiver. Such handling requirements are not within the scope of this practice. Users should consult the analytical methods to be performed on the sample for special sample storage or conditioning requirements.
1.3 Some or all of the processes outlined in this practice may be applicable to other liquids. Applying this practice to other liquids will require the consideration of additional methods and practices. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to identify any and all applicable safety and sampling considerations and establish appropriate procedures to handle these additional considerations.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7453 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process
Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer System
Validation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The primary focus of sampling petroleum product is the timely presentation of the sample for (1)
analysis by online analyzers, (2) validation of an analyzer system and (3) collecting a composite
sample for batch physical property determination. Sediment, free water, rust, and other contaminants
found in the sample may be removed in the sample conditioning system to protect the hardware and
analytical systems. If a sample is being collected for later analysis, the sample receiver must not alter
or degrade the physical make up of the sample in any way. If a sample is being feed to an analyzer
orsampledforlatterdeterminationofwaterorparticulatecontaminationthenfilteringisnotanoption.
1. Scope 1.3 Some or all of the processes outlined in this practice
may be applicable to other liquids. Applying this practice to
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for
other liquids will require the consideration of additional
sample systems employed to deliver process stream samples
methods and practices. It is the responsibility of the user of this
(1) to analyzer system for analyses or (2) for analyzer
standard to identify any and all applicable safety and sampling
validation or (3) for composite sample systems. It also outlines
considerations and establish appropriate procedures to handle
theselectionandoperationoflineorbatchsamplingequipment
these additional considerations.
intendedforanalyzerflowproportionedaveragepropertyvalue
system validation. Sample handling, mixing, and conditioning 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
procedures are required to ensure that a representative sample standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
of the liquid petroleum product is collected from the sampling only.
source.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 Applicable Fluids—This practice is applicable to single
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
liquid phase petroleum products whose vapor pressure at
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sampling and sample storage conditions is less than or equal to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
110 kPa (16.0 psi), and, with a D86 final boiling point less than
or equal to 400 °C (752 °F).
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 Specialized sample handling may be necessary to
maintain sample integrity of more volatile materials at high 2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperatures or extended residence time in the receiver. Such D3764 Practice forValidation of the Performance of Process
handling requirements are not within the scope of this practice. Stream Analyzer Systems
Usersshouldconsulttheanalyticalmethodstobeperformedon
D6122 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multi-
the sample for special sample storage or conditioning require- variate Online, At-Line, and Laboratory Infrared Spectro-
ments.
photometer Based Analyzer Systems
D6624 Practice for Determining a Flow-Proportioned Aver-
age Property Value (FPAPV) for a Collected Batch of
1 Process Stream Material Using Stream Analyzer Data
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.25 on Performance Assessment and Validation of Process Stream
Analyzer Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7453 – 09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7453-09R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7453 − 09 (2015)
D7278 GuideforPredictionofAnalyzerSampleSystemLag predicted PTM results with acceptable precision and bias
Times performance when compared to actual results from a primary
test method measurement system for common materials.
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Practice
3.1 Definitions:
4.1 Analyzer measurement systems require a process
3.1.1 analyzer unit response time, n—time interval between
samplethatisdeliveredinatimelymannercommensuratewith
the introduction of a step change in property characteristic at
the analyzer and process cycle time at pressure, temperature
the inlet of the analyzer unit and when the analyzer output
and flow conditions meeting system requirements, is free of
indicates a value corresponding to 99.5 % of the subsequent
contaminants, and is representative of the process stream.
change in analyzer results.
4.2 Line samples collected from the process or blender
3.1.2 automatic sampler, n—device used to repetitively
stream need to accurately reflect the composition of the
extract an grab and collect a representative sample of a batch
analyzer feed stream. This is accomplished by taking into
or process stream.
account the total analyzer system response time in order to
3.1.3 automatic sampling system, n—system consisting of a
properly validate online analyzer systems.
sample probe, sample fast cycle loop, sample supply line
4.3 This practice describes functional requirements that
stream conditioning, an automatic sampler and an associated
need to be addressed in the design and operation of automatic
controller, a flow measuring device, and sample holding,
sampling equipment.Automatic sampling equipment is used to
mixing and handling capabilities.
obtain a representative batch sample for use in validating an
3.1.4 batch, n—term referring to a volume or parcel being
analyzer system or flow proportioned average property value
transferred.
and for manufactured batch quality testing.
3.1.5 flow proportional sampler, n—sampler designed to
automatically adjust the sampling rate to be proportional to the 5. Significance and Use
flow rate of the stream.
5.1 Analyzer systems require representative samples of
3.1.6 grab, n—volume of sample extracted from a batch by
petroleum products delivered in a timely manner to (1)
a single actuation of the sample extractor.
facilitate the control of process or blending units or (2)
calculate a flow proportioned property value.
3.1.7 lag time, n—time required for material to travel from
pointAto point B in the total analyzer system (pointsAand B
5.2 Representative samples of petroleum products are re-
are user-defined).
quired for the determination of chemical and physical proper-
ties. These properties are used to establish the relationship
3.1.8 line sample, n—process material that can be safely
between the analyzer system and the primary test method
withdrawn from a sample port and associated facilities located
during initial and ongoing validation of the system.
anywhere in the total analyzer system without significantly
altering the property of interest.
5.3 Representative samples of petroleum products are tested
3.1.9 primary test method (PTM), n—ASTM or other estab- to determine the chemical and physical properties of a batch
offered for tender.
lished standard test method that produces results accepted as
the reference measure of a property.
6. Sample Delivery and Conditioning Requirements for
3.1.10 sample conditioning unit lag time, n— time required
Process Stream Analyzers
for material to flow from the sample conditioning unit inlet to
6.1 The sample will be delivered from the sample stream to
the analyzer unit inlet.
the analyzer inlet for measurement in the minimum realistic
3.1.11 sample fast cycle loop, n—a system that continually
period of time possible.
and rapidly transports a representative sample of process
6.1.1 When sampling from processes that normally operate
material from the sample probe past the sample supply line and
in steady state mode, not subject to scheduled operational
returns the remaining material to the process.
variable(s) step changes that directly impact the measured
3.1.11.1 sample fast loop lag time, n—time required for
variable, the sample fast loop lag time shall be as short as
material to transport from the product takeoff point of the
practicallypossible.Itisrecommendedthatwherepossible,the
sample loop to the sample conditioning unit inlet.
sample fast loop lag time should be less than the analyzer
response time. A minimum realistic time is two minutes.
3.1.12 total analyzer system response time, n—time interval
between the when a step change in property characteristic
NOTE 1—Guide D7278 can be used for the prediction of analyzer
arrives at the sample loop inlet and when the analyzer output
sample system lag times. Refer to Practice D3764 for analyzer unit
indicates a value corresponding to 99.5 % of the subsequent response time information.
change in analyze
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7453 − 09 D7453 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process
Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer System
Validation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The primary focus of sampling petroleum product is the timely presentation of the sample for (1)
analysis by online analyzers, (2) validation of an analyzer system and (3) collecting a composite
sample for batch physical property determination. Sediment, free water, rust, and other contaminants
found in the sample may be removed in the sample conditioning system to protect the hardware and
analytical systems. If a sample is being collected for later analysis, the sample receiver must not alter
or degrade the physical make up of the sample in any way. If a sample is being feed to an analyzer
or sampled for latter determination of water or particulate contamination then filtering is not an option.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for sample systems employed to deliver process stream samples (1) to
analyzer system for analyses or (2) for analyzer validation or (3) for composite sample systems. It also outlines the selection and
operation of line or batch sampling equipment intended for analyzer flow proportioned average property value system validation.
Sample handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures are required to ensure that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum
product is collected from the sampling source.
1.2 Applicable Fluids—This practice is applicable to single liquid phase petroleum products whose vapor pressure at sampling
and sample storage conditions is less than or equal to 110 kPa (16.0 psi), 110 kPa (16.0 psi), and, with a D86 final boiling point
less than or equal to 400°C (752°F).400 °C (752 °F).
1.2.1 Specialized sample handling may be necessary to maintain sample integrity of more volatile materials at high temperatures
or extended residence time in the receiver. Such handling requirements are not within the scope of this practice. Users should
consult the analytical methods to be performed on the sample for special sample storage or conditioning requirements.
1.3 Some or all of the processes outlined in this practice may be applicable to other liquids. Applying this practice to other
liquids will require the consideration of additional methods and practices. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
identify any and all applicable safety and sampling considerations and establish appropriate procedures to handle these additional
considerations.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3764 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Process Stream Analyzer Systems
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.25 on Performance Assessment and Validation of Process Stream Analyzer Systems.
Current edition approved April 15, 2009April 1, 2015. Published May 2009May 2015. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7453 – 09.
DOI: 10.1520/D7453-09.10.1520/D7453-09R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7453 − 09 (2015)
D6122 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multivariate Online, At-Line, and Laboratory Infrared Spectrophotometer
Based Analyzer Systems
D6624 Practice for Determining a Flow-Proportioned Average Property Value (FPAPV) for a Collected Batch of Process Stream
Material Using Stream Analyzer Data
D7278 Guide for Prediction of Analyzer Sample System Lag Times
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 analyzer unit response time, n—time interval between the introduction of a step change in property characteristic at the
inlet of the analyzer unit and when the analyzer output indicates a value corresponding to 99.5%99.5 % of the subsequent change
in analyzer results.
3.1.2 automatic sampler, n—device used to repetitively extract an grab and collect a representative sample of a batch or process
stream.
3.1.3 automatic sampling system, n—system consisting of a sample probe, sample fast cycle loop, sample supply line stream
conditioning, an automatic sampler and an associated controller, a flow measuring device, and sample holding, mixing and
handling capabilities.
3.1.4 batch, n—term referring to a volume or parcel being transferred.
3.1.5 flow proportional sampler, n—sampler designed to automatically adjust the sampling rate to be proportional to the flow
rate of the stream.
3.1.6 grab, n—volume of sample extracted from a batch by a single actuation of the sample extractor.
3.1.7 lag time, n—time required for material to travel from point A to point B in the total analyzer system (points A and B are
user-defined).
3.1.8 line sample, n—process material that can be safely withdrawn from a sample port and associated facilities located
anywhere in the total analyzer system without significantly altering the property of interest.
3.1.9 primary test method (PTM), n—ASTM or other established standard test method that produces results accepted as the
reference measure of a property.
3.1.10 sample conditioning unit lag time, n— time required for material to flow from the sample conditioning unit inlet to the
analyzer unit inlet.
3.1.11 sample fast cycle loop, n—a system that continually and rapidly transports a representative sample of process material
from the sample probe past the sample supply line and returns the remaining material to the process.
3.1.11.1 sample fast loop lag time, n—time required for material to transport from the product takeoff point of the sample loop
to the sample conditioning unit inlet.
3.1.12 total analyzer system response time, n—time interval between the when a step change in property characteristic arrives
at the sample loop inlet and when the analyzer output indicates a value corresponding to 99.5%99.5 % of the subsequent change
in analyzer results.
3.1.12.1 Discussion—
The total analyzer system response time is the sum of the sample fast loop lag time, the sample conditioning unit lag time, and
the analyzer unit response time.
3.1.13 validation, n—statistically quantified judgment that the analyzer system or subsystem being assessed can produce
predicted PTM results with acceptable precision and bias performance when compared to actual results from a primary test method
measurement system for common materials.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Analyzer measurement systems require a process sample that is delivered in a timely manner commensurate with the
analyzer and process cycle time at pressure, temperature and flow conditions meeting system requirements, is free of contaminants,
and is representative of the process stream.
4.2 Line samples collected from the process or blender stream need to accurately reflect the composition of the analyzer feed
stream. This is accomplished by taking into account the total analyzer system response time in order to properly validate online
analyzer systems.
4.3 This practice describes functional requirements that need to be addressed in the design and operation of automatic sampling
equipment. Automatic sampling equipment is used to obtain a representative batch sample for use in validating an analyzer system
or flow proportioned average property value and for manufactured batch quality testing.
D7453 − 09 (2015)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Analyzer systems require representative samples of petroleum products delivered in a timely manner to (1) facilitate the
control of process or blending units or (2) calculate a flow proportioned property value.
5.2 Representative samples of petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties. These
properties are used to establish the relationship between the analyzer system and the primary test method during initial and ongoing
validation of the system.
5.3 Representative samples of petroleum products are tested to determine the chemical and physical properties of a batch offered
for tender.
6. Sample Delivery and Conditioning Requirements for Process Stream Analyzers
6.1 The sample will be delivered from the sample stream to the analyzer inlet for measurement in the minimum realistic period
of time possible.
6.1.1 When sampling from processes t
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.