ASTM C128-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate including portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used in the determination of surface moisture on fine aggregate by displacement of water in Test Method C70. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used if the aggregate is wet, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely, the density or relative density (specific gravity) (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.
Apparent density and apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity) pertain to the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the particles that is accessible to water. This value is not widely used in construction aggregate technology.
Absorption values are used to calculate the change in the mass of an aggregate material due to water absorbed in the pore spaces within the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition, when it is deemed that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential. The laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained after submerging dry aggregate for a prescribed period of time. Aggregates mined from below the water table commonly have a moisture content greater than the absorption determined by this test method, if used without opportunity to dry prior to use. Conversely, some aggregates which have not been continuously maintained in a moist condition until used are likely to contain an amount of absorbed moisture less than the 24-h soaked condition. For an aggregate that has been in contact with w...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m3 (lb/ft3) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C29/C29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates that comply with Specification C332 Group I aggregates.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of th...
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Designation:C128 −12
StandardTest Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption
1
of Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheaverage
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including
the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density
2. Referenced Documents
(specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate.
2
3 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Depending on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m (lb/ft )
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or
and Voids in Aggregate
as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific
C70 Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate
gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200)
asapparentrelativedensity(apparentspecificgravity).TheOD
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
density and OD relative density are determined after drying the
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorp-
gregates
tion are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
prescribed duration.
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the
C330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate
tural Concrete
particles and provides an average value representing the
C332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-
sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate
ing Concrete
particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C29/
C566 Test Method forTotal Evaporable Moisture Content of
C29M, which includes the volume of voids between the
Aggregate by Drying
particles of aggregates.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for light-
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
weight aggregates that comply with Specification C332 Group
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
I aggregates.
Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density
Water Pycnometer
shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
AASHTO No. T 84 Specific Gravity andAbsorption of Fine
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and
3
Aggregates
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
3. Terminology
considered as requirements of this test method.
3.1 Definitions:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C128–07a. DOI: Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
10.1520/C0128-12. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C128−12
3.1.1 absorption, n—the increase in mass of aggregate due 5. Significance and Use
to water penetrating into the pores of the particles, during a
5.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic
prescribe
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 128–01 Designation: C128 – 12
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption
1
of Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the
volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate. Depending
3 3
on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m (lb/ft ) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent
density. Likewise, relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative
density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD
density, SSD relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles
and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as
determined by this test method, and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/C 29M,C29/C29M, which
includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates that comply with Specification C332 Group I
aggregates.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall
be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)(Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate
2
C70 Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
2
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate Test Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
C332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulating Concrete
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on
Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally published as C 128–36. Last previous edition C 128–97.
Current edition approvedApril 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C128–07a. DOI: 10.1520/C0128-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Doc
...
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