ASTM E571-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Nickel and Nickel Alloy Tubular Products
Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Nickel and Nickel Alloy Tubular Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Eddy-current testing is a nondestructive method of locating discontinuities in metallic materials. Signals can be produced by discontinuities originating on either the external or internal surfaces of the tube or by discontinuities totally contained within the wall. Since the density of eddy currents decreases nearly exponentially with increasing distance from the surface nearest the coil, the response to deep-seated defects decreases correspondingly. Phase changes are also associated with changes in depth, allowing the use of phase analysis techniques.
The response from natural discontinuities can be significantly different than that from artificial discontinuities, such as drilled holes or notches. For this reason, sufficient work should be done to establish the sensitivity level and setup required to detect natural discontinuities of consequence to the end use of the product.
Some indications obtained by this method may not be relevant to product quality; for example, an irrelevant indication may be caused by minute dents or tool chatter marks, which are not detrimental to the end use of the product. Irrelevant indications can mask unacceptable discontinuities. Relevant indications are those which result from discontinuities. Any indication that exceeds the rejection level shall be treated as a relevant indication until it can be demonstrated that it is irrelevant.
Generally, eddy-current examination systems are not sensitive to discontinuities adjacent to the ends of the tube (end effect).
Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform over the full length of the tube may not always be detected with differential encircling coils or probes scanned along the tube length.
For material that is magnetic, a strong magnetic field shall be placed in the region of the examining coil. A magnetic field may also be used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in tubing that exhibits slight residual magnetism.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for eddy-current examination of nickel and nickel alloy tubes. These procedures are applicable for tubes with outside diameters up to 2 in. (50.8 mm), incl, and wall thicknesses from 0.035 to 0.120 in. (0.889 to 3.04 mm), incl. These procedures may be used for tubes beyond the size range recommended, by contractual agreement between the purchaser and the producer.
1.2 The procedures described in this practice make use of fixed encircling test coils or probe systems.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1—For convenience, the term “tube” or “tubular product” will hereinafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E571 − 12
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Nickel and
1
Nickel Alloy Tubular Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2.2 Other Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
2
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for eddy-current
4
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
examination of nickel and nickel alloy tubes.These procedures
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
are applicable for tubes with outside diameters up to 2 in. (50.8
4
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
mm), incl, and wall thicknesses from 0.035 to 0.120 in. (0.889
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
to 3.04 mm), incl. These procedures may be used for tubes
5
Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
beyond the size range recommended, by contractual agreement
between the purchaser and the producer.
3. Terminology
1.2 The procedures described in this practice make use of
3.1 Standardterminologyrelatingtoelectromagnetictesting
fixed encircling test coils or probe systems.
may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C, Electromag-
netic Testing.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4. Summary of Practice
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
4.1 Examination is usually performed by the use of one of
information only and are not considered standard.
two general techniques:
NOTE 1—For convenience, the term “tube” or “tubular product” will
hereinafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
4.1.1 EncirclingCoilTechnique—Examinationisperformed
by passing the tube lengthwise through a coil energized with
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
alternating current at one or more frequencies. See Fig. 1. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
electrical impedance of the coil is modified by the proximity of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the tube, the tube dimensions, electrical conductivity, saturat-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ing magnetic field, magnetic permeability, and metallurgical or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mechanical discontinuities in the tube. As the tube passes
through the coil, the changes in electromagnetic response
2. Referenced Documents
caused by these variables in the tube change the coil
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
impedance, which activates an audible or visual signaling
E309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubu-
device or a mechanical marker.
lar Products Using Magnetic Saturation
4.1.2 Probe Coil Technique—Probe coils are positioned in
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
close proximity to the outside diameter or to the inside
Testing
diameter, or to both diameter surfaces, of the tubular product
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
beingexaminedasshowninFig.1.Sincetheprobeisgenerally
small and does not encircle the tube, it examines only a limited
area in the vicinity of the probe. When required to examine the
1
entire volume of the tubular product, it is common practice to
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
rotate either the tubular product or the probe around the tube.
Electromagnetic Method.
Frequently, in the case of welded tubular products, only the
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
weld is examined by scanning along the weld zone. In the case
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E571 - 98(2007). DOI:
10.1520/E0571-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice
4
SE-571 in Section II of that Code. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E571–98 (Reapproved 2007) Designation: E571 – 12
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Nickel and
1
Nickel Alloy Tubular Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorially changed “examination coils” to “test coils” in December 2007.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for eddy-current examination of nickel and nickel alloy tubes. These procedures are
applicable for tubes with outside diameters up to 2 in. (50.8 mm), incl, and wall thicknesses from 0.035 to 0.120 in. (0.889 to 3.04
mm), incl. These procedures may be used for tubes beyond the size range recommended, by contractual agreement between the
purchaser and the producer.
1.2 The procedures described in this practice make use of fixed encircling test coils or probe systems.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
NOTE 1—For convenience, the term “tube” or “tubular product” will hereinafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Documents:
4
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
4
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
5
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
3. Terminology
3.1 Standard terminology relating to electromagnetic examinationtesting may be found in Terminology E1316, Section C,
Electromagnetic Testing.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Examination is usually performed by the use of one of two general techniques:
4.1.1 Encircling Coil Technique—Examination is performed by passing the tube lengthwise through a coil energized with
alternating current at one or more frequencies. See Fig. 1. The electrical impedance of the coil is modified by the proximity of the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E571-98(2003) . DOI:
10.1520/E0571-98R07E01.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E571 - 98(2007). DOI:
10.1520/E0571-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice SE-571 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E571 – 12
FIG. 1 Encircling-Coil and Probe-Coil Techniques for
Electromagnetic Examination of Tubular Products
tube, the tube dimensions, electrical conductivity, saturating magnet
...
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