ASTM C940-10a

Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for determining the expansion and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic cement grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2010
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.41 - Hydraulic Cement Grouts

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C940-10 - Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C943-17 - Standard Practice for Making Test Cylinders and Prisms for Determining Strength and Density of Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C937-23 - Standard Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C938-19 - Standard Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C940 − 10a
StandardTest Method for
Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
1
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 bleeding—this term is defined in Terminology C125
with the exception that bleeding pertains to grout in this test
1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion
method.
andaccumulationofbleedwateratthesurfaceoffreshlymixed
3.1.2 expansion—increase in the volume of a grout, ex-
hydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of
pressed as a percentage of the original volume of the grout.
preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-
tensioning tendon grouts.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not
4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total
it includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious mate-
volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surface
rials or both.
of the grout are observed over a period of time.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the expansion
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
cement grout commonly used in PAconcrete and cementitious
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
post-tensioning tendon grouts.
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
6. Interferences
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free of
lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reduced
2. Referenced Documents
expansion.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the
gregates
grout during the period of test.
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-
Aggregate Concrete
7. Apparatus
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-
ders
7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mLand meeting the requirements
of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
3. Terminology
7.2 Glass Graduate,25mLandmeetingtherequirementsof
3.1 Definition of Terms—Terms used in this test method are
Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
defined in Terminology C125 or in this section.
7.3 Thermometer, accurate to 0.5°C for measuring grout and
air temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
8. Test Sample
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.41 on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C940–10. DOI:
10.1520/C0940-10a.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 9. Procedure
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C940 − 10a
or for qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceed V 2 V
2 1
CombinedExpansion, % 5 3100
in the following manner: V
1
9.1.1 Maintain the ambient temperature of the room in
V
w
Finalbleeding, % 5 3100
which the test is performed at 23.0 6 2°C, unless otherwise
V
1
specified.
where:
9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixing
V = volume of sample at beginning of test, mL,
water to a constant temperature of 23.0 6 2°C before mixing,
1
V = volume of sample at prescribed intervals, measured at
unless otherwise specified. 2
upper surface of water layer, mL,
9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of comple-
V = volume of grout portion of sample at prescribed
tion of mixing. g
intervals, at upper surface of grout, mL, and
9.2 When samp
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C940–10 Designation:C940–10a
Standard Test Method for
Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
1
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion and accumulation of bleed water at the surface of freshly mixed
hydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-tensioning
tendon grouts.
1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not it includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious materials
or both.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-
Aggregate Concrete
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition of Terms—Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology C125 or in this section.
3.1.1 bleeding—this term is defined in Terminology C125 with the exception that bleeding pertains to grout in this test method.
3.1.2 expansion—increase in the volume of a grout, expressed as a percentage of the original volume of the grout.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surface
of the grout are observed over a period of time.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thistestmethodisusefulfordeterminingtheexpansionandbleedingcharacteristicsoffreshlymixedfluidhydrauliccement
grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.
6. Interferences
6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free of lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reduced
expansion.
6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the grout
during the period of test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41 on
Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Oct. 1,Dec. 15, 2010. Published November 2010.January 2011. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
C940–98a(2003).C940–10. DOI: 10.1520/C0940-10a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C940–10a
7. Apparatus
7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL, reading to 10 mL. , 1000 mL and meeting the requirements of Specification E1272 Style I or
III TC.
7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL, reading to 1 mL. , 25 mL and meeting the requirements of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
7.3 Thermometer, accurate to 0.5°C (1°F) for measuring grout and air temperature.
8. Test Sample
8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately 1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
9. Procedure
9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures or
for qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceed in the following manner:
9.1.1 Maintaintheambienttemperatureoftheroominwhichthetestisperformedat23.062°C(73.463°F),23.0 6 2°C,unless
otherwise specified.
9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all d
...