ASTM C133-97(2003)

Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The cold strength of a refractory material is an indication of its suitability for use in refractory construction. (It is not a measure of performance at elevated temperatures.)
These test methods are for determining the room temperature flexural strength in 3-point bending (cold modulus of rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or both, for all refractory products.
Considerable care must be used to compare the results of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or modulus of rupture. The specimen size and shape, the nature of the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the orientation of those faces during testing, the loading geometry, and the rate of load application, may all significantly affect the numerical results obtained. Comparisons of the results between different determinations should not be made if one or more of these parameters differ between the two determinations.
The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical results. For example, smaller, cut specimens containing large grains may present different results than the bricks from which they were cut. Under no circumstances should 6- by 1- by 1-in. (152- by 25- by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested for materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
This test method is useful for research and development, engineering application and design, manufacturing process control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried or fired refractory shapes of all types.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:Test Method Sections Cold Crushing Strength4 to 9 Modulus of Rupture10 to 15
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2003
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.01 - Strength

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C133-97 - Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM C133-97(2008) - Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C416-97(2022) - Standard Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F1097-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C401-12(2022) - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C203-22 - Standard Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Properties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C862-16(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C607-88(2016) - Standard Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-Bearing Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C198-09(2019) - Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F1312-19(2023) - Standard Specification for Brick, Insulating, High Temperature, Fire Clay
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1171-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and Thermal Cycling on Refractories
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1190-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Location of Test Specimens from Magnesia-Carbon and Impregnated Burned Basic Brick
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C27-98(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 133–97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.3 Considerable care must be used to compare the results
of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold
modulus of rupture.The specimen size and shape, the nature of
crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried
the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the
or fired refractory shapes of all types.
orientation of those faces during testing, the loading geometry,
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
and the rate of load application, may all significantly affect the
Test Method Sections
numericalresultsobtained.Comparisonsoftheresultsbetween
Cold Crushing Strength 4 to 9
different determinations should not be made if one or more of
Modulus of Rupture 10 to 15
these parameters differ between the two determinations.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.4 The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical
information only. results. For example, smaller, cut specimens containing large
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
grains may present different results than the bricks from which
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the they were cut. Under no circumstances should 6- by 1- by 1-in.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(152- by 25- by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
3.5 This test method is useful for research and development,
2. Referenced Documents
engineering application and design, manufacturing process
2.1 ASTM Standards:
control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
C 862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Speci-
2
COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH
mens by Casting
C 1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
4. Apparatus
2
and Ramming Mix Specimens
3 4.1 Testing Machine—Any form of standard mechanical or
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
hydraulic compression testing machine conforming to the
3. Significance and Use requirements of Practices E 4 may be used.
3.1 The cold strength of a refractory material is an indica-
NOTE 1—For low-strength materials (such as insulating bricks or
tion of its suitability for use in refractory construction. (It is not
castables), a sensitivity of 20 lbf (67 kN) or less is required. The use of a
a measure of performance at elevated temperatures.) hydraulic testing machine is also preferred over the mechanical type for
these materials.
3.2 These test methods are for determining the room tem-
perature flexural strength in 3-point bending (cold modulus of
4.2 Spherical Bearing Block—The plane surface of the
rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or
spherical bearing block (see Fig. 1) shall have an area which is
both, for all refractory products.
equal to or greater than the cross section of the test specimen.
5. Test Specimens
3
1
5.1 Brick and Shapes (bulk density greater than 100 lb/ft
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
3
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
(1.60 g/cm ))—The test specimens shall be 2-in. (51-mm)
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
cubes or cylinders, 2 in. (51 mm) in diameter by 2 in. (51 mm)
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 133 – 97.
2
high. The height should be parallel to the original direction of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. pressing of the brick or shape. In the case of special shapes,
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C 133–97 (2003)
NOTE 2—For relatively weak specimens like insulating castables or
insulating firebricks, a minimum sample size of ten specimens is pre-
ferred.
6.2 Brick and
...