ASTM D140-00
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the sampling of bituminous materials at points of manufacture, storage, or delivery.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 140 – 00
Standard Practice for
Sampling Bituminous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope exercise continuous precaution in the sampling and handling of
these materials.
1.1 This practice applies to the sampling of bituminous
materials at points of manufacture, storage, or delivery.
5. Selection of Samples
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Whenever practicable, bituminous materials shall be
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
sampled at the point of manufacture or storage, and at such
only.
time as to allow the tests controlling acceptance or rejection to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be made in advance of shipment.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 When the samples cannot be taken at the point of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
manufacture or storage, they shall be taken from the shipment
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
immediately upon delivery.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Size of Samples
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 The sample size of liquid materials shall be as follows:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1.1 For routine laboratory examination, 1 L (1 qt) (emul-
D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
2 sions 4 L (1 gal)),
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
6.1.2 From bulk storage, 4 L (1 gal), or
3. Significance and Use 6.1.3 From barrels or drums, 1 L (1 qt).
6.2 The sample size of semisolid or solid materials shall be
3.1 Sampling is as important as testing, and precautions
as follows:
shall be taken to obtain samples to show the true nature and
6.2.1 From barrels, drums, or cakes, 1 to 2 kg (2 to 3 lb), or
condition of the materials.
6.2.2 From crushed or powdered material in bulk or bags, 1
3.2 Samples may be taken for either of the following two
to 2 kg (2 to 3 lb).
purposes:
3.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the
7. Containers
bulk of the materials sampled, or
7.1 Type of Containers:
3.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics
7.1.1 Containers for liquid bituminous materials, except
which the material possesses.
emulsions, shall be wide-mouth cans with lined screw caps or
4. Precautions triple-seal friction-top cans.
7.1.2 Containers for emulsified bituminous materials shall
4.1 Because of the numerous types and grades of bitumi-
be wide-mouth jars or bottles made of plastic, or wide-mouth
nous materials that are alternately shipped and stored in the
plastic-lined cans with lined screw caps, or plastic-lined
same or similar containers, the opportunity for contaminating
triple-seal friction-top cans.
these containers with residues, precipitates, or cleaning sol-
7.1.3 Containers for crushed or powdered bituminous ma-
vents is ever present. Numerous opportunities also exist for
terials shall be triple-seal friction-top cans or plastic sacks
obtaining samples which are not strictly representative of the
placed in other containers suitable for handling.
material or are contaminated after removal. Therefore it is
7.2 Size of Containers:
incumbent upon the producer, transporter, user, and sampler to
7.2.1 The size of the container shall correspond to the
required amount of sample.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 on
8. Protection and Preservation of Samples
Methods of Sampling.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2000. Published April 2000. Originally
8.1 Sample containers shall be new. They shall not be
published as D 140 – 22 T. Last previous edition D 140 – 98.
washed or rinsed, or wiped with an oily cloth. If they contain
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
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D 140
evidence of solder flux, or if they are not clean and dry, they
shall not be used. Top and container shall fit together tightly.
8.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the sample from becom-
ing contaminated. Immediately after filling, the container shall
be tightly and positively sealed.
8.3 The filled sample container shall not be submerged in
solvent, nor shall it be wiped with a solvent saturated cloth. If
cleaning is necessary use a clean dry cloth.
8.4 Samples of emulsions shall be protected from freezing
by correct packaging.
NOTE 1—When sampling emulsions, care should be taken not to sample
material under pressure as such resultant velocities tend to cause air
entrapment which could result in erroneous test results. Any visual
bubbling of the material is one indication air has been entrapped. In
addition, the sampling container should be completely filled to minimize
a skin formation at the air-emulsion interface.
8.5 Samples shall not be transferred from one container to
another except where required by the sampling procedure.
8.6 Immediately after filling, sealing, and cleaning, the
sampling containers shall be properly marked for identification
with a suitable marking pencil on the container itself, not on
the lid. Linen tags also may be used for identification if they
can be securely fastened to the container in such a manner as
to ensure that they will not be lost in transit. Linen tags shall
not be attached to containers by using the lids to secure them.
9. Sampling at Place of Manufacture
9.1 Vertical Tanks Not Capable of Being Agitated (Liquid FIG. 1 Typical Submerged Sampling Device
Materials or Materials Made Liquid by Heating) (800 m
(5000 bbl) or more capacity)—Three sampling methods are
recommended (Note 2):
9.1.1 Sampling-Valve Method—Valves shall be located,
with easy and safe access provided, on the side of the tank with
the first in the top third of the tank, but no higher than1m(3
ft) from the top; the second in the middle third of the tank; and
the third in the bottom third of the tank, but no lower than 1.1
m (3 ft) from the bottom. A recommended design of the
sampling valve is shown in Fig. 1.
9.1.1.1 A minimum of 4 L (1 gal) of the product shall be
drawn from each sample valve and discarded before taking the
sample for test, and
9.1.1.2 One to 4 L (1 qt to 1 gal) shall be drawn from each
sample valve for test.
9.1.2 Thief Sampler Method (not suitable for asphalt
cements)—Samples shall be taken in the top, middle, and
lower sections at levels indicated in 9.1.1, of the tank by
lowering a thief sampler into the material. A satisfactory type
with instructions for use is shown in Fig. 2.
NOTE 1—This type sampler is lowered into the tank with bottom valve
NOTE 2—Most bituminous materials in the liquid state are of such
open (there is no top closure). When the desired depth is reached, the
viscous and adhesive character that, after normal emptying of a container
lowering chain is given a snap tug which closes the bottom valve. The
by pouring, the container retains enough material to cause significant
sampler is then withdrawn from the tank and the contents transferred to
contamination of any second samples secured before the container was
the sample container. This sampler may be used for repetitive sampling in
thoroughly cleaned. The aforementioned properties of bituminous mate-
the same tank.
rials also make container cleaning a difficult, tedious, and time-consuming
FIG. 2 Thief Sampler
task.
NOTE 3—The thief sampler described in Fig. 2 may be used for
repetitive sampling because significant sample contamination by previous
distance of a metre (several feet) at the sampling depth is recommended.
contents is avoided by the self-cleaning action provided by the passage of
9.1.3 Throw-Away Container Method—Samples shall be
material through the tube-shaped thief sampler which is open at both ends.
The practice of raising and lowering the sampler 3 or 4 times through a taken at top, middle, and lower levels by lowering into the
D 140
material a container in a suitable weighted holding device. The 10. Sampling from Tank Cars, Vehicle Tanks, Distributor
essential feature of the method is to use a clean container to Trucks or Recirculating Storage Tanks
take the sample, pour this sample into another clean container,
10.1 The sample may be taken from the sample valve or tap
and throw away the container used to take the sample from the
if the tanks are provided with them. When such sampling
tank. A satisfactory type with instructions on how to use the
devices are required, they are to be built into the tank itself. A
device is shown in Fig. 3.
sampling device of this type is shown in Fig. 1. Before the
9.1.4 The three samples from bulk storage tanks may be
sample is taken, 4 L (1 gal) shall be
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