ASTM F2437-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors, and Studs
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors, and Studs
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs. These DTIs are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface. The following are two types of DTIs: Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces and Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. DTIs shall have a configuration produced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed in compression. The design shall be such that the degree of plastic deformation of the protrusions shall indicate the tension in a tightened cap screw, bolt, anchor, or stud. The process used for heat treatment of DTIs, if required, shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperature above the upper transformation temperature, quenching in oil, and then tempering by reheating to a suitable temperature to attain desired mechanical/performance properties. Protective coatings, platings, or finishes may be applied on the DTIs if specified. Compression load and hardness of the DTIs shall be determined by performing mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.
1.2 Direct tension indicators in nominal diameter sizes 1/4 through 21/2 in. are covered.
1.3 There are two Types of DTIs covered by this specification, Type 1 and Type 2.
1.3.1 Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces.2 Type 1 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and 105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1).TABLE 1 Acceptable Range of Compression LoadA
DTI
Nominal
Diameter
(in.)
Mean Compression LoadB Range
in Pounds (lbs)
Mean Compression LoadC Range
in Pounds (lbs)
Grade 5
Grade 8
Grade 55
Grade 105
1/4
2200 to 2450
3100 to 3450
. . .
. . .
5/16
3500 to 3850
4950 to 5500
. . .
. . .
3/8
5300 to 5850
7500 to 8300
. . .
. . .
7/16
7200 to 7900
10 100 to 11 200
. . .
. . .
1/2
9700 to 10 700
13 700 to 15 340
4450 to 4900
8500 to 9400
9/16
12 350 to 13 600
17 400 to 19 200
5700 to 6300
10 900 to 12 050
5/8
15 550 to 17 200
21 850 to 24 200
7050 to 7800
13 500 to 15 000
3/4
22 600 to 25 000
31 900 to 35 300
10 500 to 11 600
20 000 to 22 150
7/8
30 850 to 34 100
43 550 to 48 100
14 500 to 16 000
27 650 to 30 550
1
40 200 to 44 400
56 700 to 62 700
19 000 to 21 000
36 250 to 40 100
11/8
45, 100 to 49 850
73 150 to 80 900
23 950 to 26 450
47 300 to 52 300
11/4
56 550 to 62 550
91 750 to 101 450
30 400 to 33 600
59 850 to 66 150
13/8
69 350 to 79 750
112 450 to 124 250
38 550 to 42 600
73 800 to 81 600
11/2
83 350 to 92 150
135 150 to 149 400
44 050 to 48 700
89 300 to 98 700
15/8
. . .
. . .
55 800 to 61 700
106 200 to 117 400
13/4
121 850 to 134 650
177 850 to 196 500
59 550 to 65 850
124 600 to 137 750
17/8
154 550 to 170 800
206 050 to 227 750
75 550 to 83 500
144 500 to 159 700
2
160 050 to 177 200
236 850 to 261 750
78 650 to 86 950
165 800 to 183 300
21/4
208 400 to 230 350
277 900 to 307 100
102 050 to 112 750
212 900 to 235 350
21/2
256 500 to 283 500
379 600 to 419 600
125 400 to 138 600
240 550 to 265 850 A Compression load requirements establish the capability of the direct tension indicators to satisfy typical tension requirements fo...
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Designation:F2437 −12
StandardSpecification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors,
1
and Studs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2437; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon 2.1 ASTM Standards:
and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indi- A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
cators capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure
screws, bolts, anchors, and studs. Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Nuts
1
1.2 Direct tension indicators in nominal diameter sizes ⁄4
for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,
1
through 2 ⁄2 in. are covered.
or Both
1.3 There are two Types of DTIs covered by this
A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000
specification, Type 1 and Type 2.
PSI Tensile Strength
1.3.1 Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
2
bearing surfaces. Type 1 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a
A354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy Steel
prescribed gap (see Table 1).
Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
1.3.2 Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs,
3
bearing surfaces. Type 2 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8,
Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile
which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a
Strength, General Use
prescribed gap (see Table 1).
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation
underaboltorcapscrewhead,ahexnut,oragainstahardened Iron and Steel
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
washer or other flat hardened surface.
posited on Iron and Steel
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
the test method portions, Section 12 and Appendix XI of this
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
F1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and
105-ksi Yield Strength
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
F1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/
Nuts, Rivets and Washers.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally UNR))
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2437–11. DOI:
10.1520/F2437-12.
2 4
Examples of a comparatively large bearing surface would include heavy hex For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
bolts, heavy hex nuts, and so forth. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Examples of a comparatively small bearing surface would include a hex cap Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
screw, hex nut, and so forth. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2437−12
A
TABLE 1 Acceptable Range of Compression Load
B C
DTI Mean Compression Load Range Mean Compression Load Range
in Pounds (lbs) in Pounds (lbs)
Nominal
Diameter
Grade 5 Grade 8 Grade 55 Grade 105
(in.)
1
⁄4 2200 to 2450 3100 to 3450 . . . . . .
5
⁄16 3500 to 3850 4950 to 5500 . . . . . .
3
⁄8 5300 to 5850 7500 to 8300 . . . . . .
7
⁄16 7200 to 7900 10 100 to 11 200 . . . . . .
1
⁄2 9700 to 10 700 13 700 to 15 340 44
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2437 − 11 F2437 − 12
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors,
1
and Studs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2437; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators
capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.
1 1
1.2 Direct tension indicators in nominal diameter sizes ⁄4 through 2 ⁄2 in. are covered.
1.3 There are two Types of DTIs covered by this specification, Type 1 and Type 2.
2
1.3.1 Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces. Type 1 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and 105, which
differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1).
3
1.3.2 Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. Type 2 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8, which
differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1).
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer
or other flat hardened surface.
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 12 and Appendix XI of this
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other
Special Purpose Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength,
General Use
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct
Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011April 1, 2012. Published May 2011November 2012. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
F2437–06.–11. DOI: 10.1520/F2437-11.10.1520/F2437-12.
2
Examples of a comparatively large bearing surface would include heavy hex bolts, heavy hex nuts, and so forth.
3
Examples of a comparatively small bearing surface would include a hex cap screw, hex nut, and so forth.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2437 − 12
A
TABLE 1 Acceptable Range of Compression Load
B C
DTI Mean Compression Load Range Mean Compression Load Range
in Pounds (lbs) in Pounds (lbs)
Nominal
Diameter
Grade 5 Grade 8 Grade 55 Grade 105
(in.)
1
⁄4 2200 to 2450 3100 to 3450 . . . . . .
5
⁄16 3500 to 3850 4
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2437–11 Designation: F2437 – 12
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors,
1
and Studs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2437; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators
capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.
1 1
1.2 Direct tension indicators in nominal diameter sizes ⁄4 through 2 ⁄2 in. are covered.
1.3 There are two Types of DTIs covered by this specification, Type 1 and Type 2.
2
1.3.1 Type1DTIsaresuitableforcomparativelylargebearingsurfaces. Type1DTIsareavailableinGrades55and105,which
differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1).
3
1.3.2 Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. Type 2 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8, which
differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1).
1.4 Directtensionindicatorsareintendedforinstallationunderaboltorcapscrewhead,ahexnut,oragainstahardenedwasher
or other flat hardened surface.
1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 12 and Appendix XI of this
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and
Other Special Purpose Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength,
General Use
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
F606 TestMethodsforDeterminingtheMechanicalPropertiesofExternallyandInternallyThreadedFasteners,Washers,Direct
Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
F1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength
F1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR))
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved MayApril 1, 2011.2012. Published May 2011.April 2012. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
F2437–06.F2437–11. DOI: 10.1520/F2437-112.
2
Examples of a comparatively large bearing surface would include heavy hex bolts, heavy hex nuts, and so forth.
3
Examples of a comparatively small bearing surface would include a hex cap screw, hex nut, and so forth.
4
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2437 – 12
A
TABLE 1 Acceptable Range of Compression Load
B C
DTI Mean Compression Load Range Mean Compression Load Range
Nominal in Pounds (lbs) in P
...
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