ASTM D4792/D4792M-13(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration Reactions
Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration Reactions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the compliance of steel slags and other materials with specifications, such as Specification D2940/D2940M, that limit permissible expansion of base and subbase aggregates containing components subject to hydration.
4.2 This test method can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of aging or other treatments for reducing the expansive potential of such materials.
4.3 Test results have not been correlated with field performance, and values obtained do not necessarily indicate expansion that may occur in service conditions.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential volume expansion of dense graded compacted aggregates that contain components susceptible to hydration and consequent volume increase, such as the free calcium and magnesium oxides that occur in some industrial by-products.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 14-Feb-2019
- Technical Committee
- D04 - Road and Paving Materials
- Drafting Committee
- D04.51 - Aggregate Tests
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Feb-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2014
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2009
Overview
ASTM D4792/D4792M-13(2019) is the internationally recognized standard test method for determining the potential expansion of aggregates from hydration reactions, such as those commonly found in certain industrial by-products like steel slags. This method is particularly significant for assessing aggregates intended for use in base and subbase materials, where expansion due to hydration can impact pavement stability and longevity. Developed by ASTM International, this standard ensures consistent laboratory evaluation for aggregates that contain components susceptible to hydration-induced volume changes.
Key Topics
- Evaluation of Hydraulic Reactivity: The standard outlines a procedure to identify aggregate materials, such as those containing free calcium and magnesium oxides, which can expand when hydrated.
- Testing for Compliance: It is used to determine if steel slags and other aggregate materials comply with engineering standards that limit acceptable expansion levels, notably referencing ASTM D2940/D2940M.
- Assessment of Mitigation Treatments: ASTM D4792/D4792M also allows users to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments like aging, designed to minimize expansive potential before field application.
- Moisture-Density Relationships: The method specifies requirements for sample preparation, compaction, and submersion in controlled temperature conditions to mimic worst-case scenarios for hydration-induced expansion.
- Precision and Reliability: An emphasis is placed on laboratory competence, equipment calibration, and the importance of adhering to related standards such as ASTM D3666 to ensure reliable and consistent results.
Applications
Practical uses of ASTM D4792/D4792M include:
- Highway and Airport Construction: Ensuring base and subbase aggregates meet required expansion limitations to avoid pavement heaving, cracking, or instability over time.
- Material Qualification: Screening newly sourced or recycled industrial by-products, such as steel slag, for use in civil engineering projects.
- Quality Assurance and Specification Compliance: Verifying that aggregate materials meet project or regulatory requirements for stability and durability by limiting potential hydration expansion.
- Research and Material Improvement: Assessing the impact of various treatments or weathering processes on reducing the expansive potential of hydratable materials, aiding in the development of improved aggregate products.
Related Standards
The following ASTM standards are frequently referenced and used in conjunction with ASTM D4792/D4792M:
- ASTM D2940/D2940M: Specification for graded aggregate materials for bases or subbases for highways or airports.
- ASTM D3666: Specification for minimum requirements for agencies testing road and paving materials.
- ASTM D1883: Test method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of laboratory-compacted soils.
- ASTM D698: Test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort.
- ASTM D75/D75M: Practice for sampling aggregates.
- ASTM C702/C702M: Practice for reducing samples of aggregate to testing size.
- ASTM E11: Specification for woven wire test sieve cloth and test sieves.
Conclusion
ASTM D4792/D4792M-13(2019) plays a vital role in the civil engineering field by providing a reliable, reproducible method for determining the potential expansion of aggregates due to hydration reactions. By supporting the selection and qualification of materials for road and airport substructures, this standard ensures safer, longer-lasting infrastructure. Combined with its related ASTM standards, it forms a key part of any comprehensive aggregate quality control and specification compliance program. For best results, users should ensure adherence to all referenced procedures and maintain rigorous quality assurance protocols throughout the testing process.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4792/D4792M-13(2019) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration Reactions". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the compliance of steel slags and other materials with specifications, such as Specification D2940/D2940M, that limit permissible expansion of base and subbase aggregates containing components subject to hydration. 4.2 This test method can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of aging or other treatments for reducing the expansive potential of such materials. 4.3 Test results have not been correlated with field performance, and values obtained do not necessarily indicate expansion that may occur in service conditions. Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential volume expansion of dense graded compacted aggregates that contain components susceptible to hydration and consequent volume increase, such as the free calcium and magnesium oxides that occur in some industrial by-products. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the compliance of steel slags and other materials with specifications, such as Specification D2940/D2940M, that limit permissible expansion of base and subbase aggregates containing components subject to hydration. 4.2 This test method can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of aging or other treatments for reducing the expansive potential of such materials. 4.3 Test results have not been correlated with field performance, and values obtained do not necessarily indicate expansion that may occur in service conditions. Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential volume expansion of dense graded compacted aggregates that contain components susceptible to hydration and consequent volume increase, such as the free calcium and magnesium oxides that occur in some industrial by-products. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4792/D4792M-13(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4792/D4792M-13(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D4792/D4792M-13, ASTM D75/D75M-19, ASTM D3666-16, ASTM D2940/D2940M-15, ASTM D1883-14, ASTM D75/D75M-13, ASTM D3666-13, ASTM E11-13, ASTM D698-12e1, ASTM D698-12, ASTM D3666-11, ASTM C702/C702M-11, ASTM D3666-09a, ASTM D2940/D2940M-09, ASTM E11-09e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D4792/D4792M-13(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4792/D4792M − 13 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration
Reactions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4792/D4792M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
volume expansion of dense graded compacted aggregates that
to Testing Size
contain components susceptible to hydration and consequent
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
volume increase, such as the free calcium and magnesium
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
oxides that occur in some industrial by-products.
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3
kN-m/m ))
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D2940/D2940M Specification for Graded Aggregate Mate-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
rial For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
with the standard.
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
Sieves
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3. Summary of Test Method
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
3.1 This test method consists of measuring the volume
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
expansion of compacted specimens following the general
as requirements of the standard.
procedures of Test Method D1883. Compaction is based on
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
maximum density determination using Test Methods D698.To
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
acceleratethehydrationreaction,specimensarestoredinwater
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
at 70 6 3 °C [158 6 5 °F] for a minimum of seven days.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the compliance of steel slags and other materials with
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specifications,suchasSpecificationD2940/D2940M,thatlimit
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
permissible expansion of base and subbase aggregates contain-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ing components subject to hydration.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 This test method can also be used to evaluate the
effectiveness of aging or other treatments for reducing the
expansive potential of such materials.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
Aggregate Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4792/D4792M – 13. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4792_D4792M-13R19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4792/D4792M − 13 (2019)
4.3 Test results have not been correlated with field 8.2 Use Method B or C depending upon the gradation of the
performance, and values obtained do not necessarily indicate sample, with oversize corrections as recommended in 7.2.1.
expansion that may occur in service conditions.
9. Expansion Test
NOTE 2—The quality of the results produced by this standard are
9.1 Prepare three expansion test specimens from the sample
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure
set aside for this purpose, following the procedure in Test
and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.
Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally
Method D1883 for specimens to be soaked.
considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling,
9.2 Afterplacingtheadjustablestemandperforatedplateon
inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with
the compacted specimens in the molds, add weights to produce
Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results.
Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of
a surcharge of 4.54 kg [10 lb], and submerge the molds and
Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a
weights in water at 70 6 3 °C [158 6 5 °F].Allow free access
means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
of water to the top and bottom of the specimens, and maintain
5. Apparatus the temperature at 70 6 3 °C [158 6 5 °F] for the testing
period.
5.1 Molds, Spacer Disks, Expansion Measuring Apparatus,
Stainless Steel Weights, and Dial Gages conforming to the
NOTE 3—The molds should be well coated with a rust preventative,
requirements of Test Method D1883. suchas10Wmotoroil,whethertheyareconstructedofcorrosion-resistant
metal or not.
5.2 Mixing Bowl, Straightedge
...
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