ASTM D2097-03(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather
Standard Test Method for Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method simulates the flexing received by upholstery leather in service, and correlation with service is believed to be good. Both the resistance of the finish to cracking and adhesion of the finish to the leather can be evaluated.
The flexing action received by the leather in this method is more severe than that given by methods for shoe upper leather. The less severe tests have little utility in the evaluation of upholstery leather finishes.
This test method is suitable, and has been useful, in research, development, and manufacturing control. It is used as a method of test for specification acceptance. Since this is a subjective test, proper correlation should be established by interlaboratory experience prior to use for specification acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility and adhesion of a finish on upholstery leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2097–03(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Method for
Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope leather. The less severe tests have little utility in the evaluation
of upholstery leather finishes.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex-
4.3 This test method is suitable, and has been useful, in
ibility and adhesion of a finish on upholstery leather. This test
research, development, and manufacturing control. It is used as
method does not apply to wet blue.
a method of test for specification acceptance. Since this is a
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
subjective test, proper correlation should be established by
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
interlaboratory experience prior to use for specification accep-
information only.
tance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Newark Flexing Machine—This machine, illustrated in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Fig. 1, consists basically of two pistons, one of which is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
stationary, the other capable of moving at 500 rpm with a
2. Referenced Documents stroke of 1 ⁄4 in. (32 mm). The movable piston is also
adjustable on its shaft in order to vary the distance between the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
two pistons.
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
ucts for Testing
6. Test Specimen
3. Summary of Test Method 6.1 The test specimen shall be 3 by 4 ⁄2 in. (76 by 114 mm)
in size.
3.1 Theleatherismechanicallyflexedalternatelyfromaflat
position into a single or double bend. At the end of a
7. Conditioning
predetermined number of flexing cycles, the leather is visually
7.1 Bring all test specimens to equilibrium as described in
inspected for finish cracks.
Practice D1610. Usually, maintaining the specimen for 24 h
4. Significance and Use under these conditions will adequately satisfy the equilibrium
conditions.
4.1 This test method simulates the flexing received by
7.2 The test shall also be conducted under the above
upholstery leather in service, and correlation with service is
conditions, described in Practice D1610.
believed to be good. Both the resistance of the finish to
cracking and adhesion of the finish to the leather can be
8. Procedure
evaluated.
8.1 Measure the thickness of the specimen to be tested.
4.2 The flexing action received by the leather in this method
8.2 While in the closed position, adjust the pistons to fifteen
is more severe than that given by methods for shoe upper
times the thickness of the specimen (see Fig. 2).
8.3 Turn the pulley by hand until the pistons are the
maximum distance apart. Clamp the specimen around the two
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
pistons without stretching the specimen.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.05 on Upholstery. This test
8.4 Complete the first cycle by turning the pulley by hand
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally and forcing the specimen into its flexing pattern (Fig. 3 and
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2097–03. DOI:
Note 1).
10.1520/D2097-03R05.
Several methods of evaluating the resistance of an upholstery leather finish to
NOTE 1—The flexing pattern is achieved as follows: Facing the center
flexing have been investigated. The method, as described here, has been adopted as
standard by the Upholstery Leather Group, Tanners’ Council of America.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or A machine meeting the requirements of this method is available commercially
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM from the Aim Tool & Die Co., 14324 172nd St., Grand Haven, MI 49417. Two
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on versions of this machine are made by Aim Tool & Die Co. Only the standard
the ASTM website. flexotest machine meets the requirements of this method.
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