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ASTM C559-90(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic material property of importance in manufacturing and application of carbon and graphite.  
This test method can be used for quality and process control, material characterization and description, and other purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at least 500 mm  volume. The bulk density is calculated to an accuracy of 0.25%, using measurements of mass and dimensions in air at 25 + 5°C.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2005
ICS
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C559-90(2000) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C559-90(2010) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7219-19 - Standard Specification for Isotropic and Near-isotropic Nuclear Graphites
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6354-23 - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1835-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide (SiC-SiC) Composite Structures
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2168-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Packing Material, Graphitic, Corrugated Ribbon or Textured Tape, and Die-Formed Ring
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7542-21 - Standard Test Method for Air Oxidation of Carbon and Graphite in the Kinetic Regime
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1066-09(2022) - Standard Specification for Nuclear Grade Zirconium Oxide Pellets
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C751-20 - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Boron Carbide Pellets
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C785-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Aluminum Oxide Pellets
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7972-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1076-09(2022) - Standard Specification for Nuclear Grade Hafnium Oxide Pellets
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1039-85(2020)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005

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ASTM C559-90(2005) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite ArticlesASTM C559-90(2005) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
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ASTM C559-90(2005) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:C559–90(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured
Carbon and Graphite Articles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Preparation of Test Specimens
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk 5.1 Machine test specimens from the manufactured article
density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped or a right circular
least 500 mm volume. The bulk density is calculated to an cylinder. The minimum mass of the specimen shall be 2000
accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimen- timesthesensitivityofthebalanceusedtoweighthespecimen,
sions in air at 25 6 5°C. andthevolumeofthespecimenshallnotbelessthan500mm .
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the Theminimumdimensionofthespecimenshallbethelargerof:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1.1 Ten times the length of the largest visible particle, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.1.2 2000 times the resolution of the device used for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- measuring the dimension.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.2 Duringthemachiningoperation,usenolubricanthaving
a boiling point above 100°C. All corners, edges, and faces of
2. Referenced Documents
the specimen should be free of chips or gouges. Ensure that the
2.1 ASTM Standards: specimen is free of any residue from the machining operation.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
Dry the specimen for a minimum of2hat110°C, and then
System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System) allow it to cool to 25 6 5°C in a desiccator.The specimen shall
not be removed from the desiccator until immediately prior to
3. Terminology
weighing.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Procedure
3.1.1 bulk density —the mass of a unit volume of material
including both permeable and impermeable voids.
6.1 Weigh the specimen to an accuracy of 0.05 % using a
balance or scale. During the weighing operation, handle the
4. Significance and Use
specimen with soft-tipped tongs.
4.1 Bulkdensityasdeterminedbythistestmethodisabasic
6.2 Measure each dimension of the test specimen to an
material property of importance in manufacturing and applica-
accuracy of 0.05 %.
tion of carbon and graphite.
6.2.1 If the specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, make
4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process
four measurements of the length (longest dimension). Take
control, material characterization and description, and other
each measurement along the center of each of the four long
purposes.
faces of the specimen. Measure the width and thickness at each
end and at two intermediate points along the length of the
specimen. Determine the mean of each dimension.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
6.2.2 Ifthespecimenisarightcircularcylinder,measurethe
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products. length at four points, 90° apart on the periphery of the circular
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
end faces. Make two sets of diameter measurements. Each set
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C559–90(2000). DOI:
shall consist of four measurements, one at each end and two at
10.1520/C0559-90R05.
intermediate points along an axial line. These sets shall lie at
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
90° to each other. Determine the mean length and the mean of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
each of the two sets of diameter measurements.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C559–90 (2005)
7. Calculation standards before and after any series of density determinations,
plus a program of regular calibration of standards.
7.1
...

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Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods C559, C611, C651, C747, C1025, and C1039.  
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Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature

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4.1 This test method provides a framework for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. The user needs to assess the applicability of the method on the specific material and for the intended use, as shown by the interlaboratory study.  
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4.3 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. For materials with large grains, the minimum specimen dimension should be significantly larger than the maximum grain size (see Guide D7775).  
4.4 Flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the loading rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen sizes and fixtures should be chosen to reduce errors due to material variability or testing parameters, such as friction and non-parallelism of specimen surfaces.  
4.5 The flexural strength of a manufactured graphite or carbon material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this standard, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Practices C1239 and C1322.  
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a square, rectangular or cylindrical beam in three-point loading at room temperature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C651-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room Temperature

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for determining the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a simple beam in four-point loading at room temperature. The four-point loading fixture shall consist of spherical bearing blocks of hardened steel or its equivalent to ensure that forces applied to the beam are normal only and without eccentricity, and distortion of the loading member is prevented. Judicious use of linkages, rocker bearings, and flexure plates may maintain the parallel direction of loads and reactions. The test specimens shall be prepared to yield a parallelepiped with cross sections that are rectangular, faces that are parallel and flat, and edges that are free from visible flaws and chips.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes.  
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SCOPE
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