iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM A159-83(2006)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings

Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers gray iron castings for products of the automobile, truck, tractor and allied industries. The materials shall be classified into eight grades (G1800, G2500, G3000, G3500, G4000, G2500a, G3500b and G3500c) based on the range of their casting hardness, chemical composition and microstructure. Grades G1800 and G2500 shall be annealed. Alloy gray iron automotive camshafts of grade designation G4000d shall conform to the required values of casting hardness, chemical compositions of chromium, molybdenum, and nickel and microstructure. The cam areas of camshaft casting shall undergo selective hardening by flame or induction hardening and shall conform to the required values of depth and surface hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to gray iron castings, cast in sand molds, used in the products of the automobile, truck, tractor, and allied industries.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2006
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A04 - Iron Castings
Drafting Committee
A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A159-83(2001) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Replaced By
ASTM A159-83(2011) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Referred By
ASTM F2798-09(2023) - Standard Specification for Sealless Lube Oil Pump with Oil Through Motor for Marine Applications
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM F1510-21 - Standard Specification for Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps, Ships Use
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006

Buy Standard

ASTM A159-83(2006) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron CastingsASTM A159-83(2006) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM A159-83(2006) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A159 – 83 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. This specification replaces Federal specification
AA-I-653A.
TABLE 1 Grades of Gray Iron
1. Scope
1.1 This specification applies to gray iron castings, cast in
Grade Casting Hardness Range Description
sand molds, used in the products of the automobile, truck,
tractor, and allied industries. G1800 HB 187 max ferritic-pearlitic
A
4.4 BID min or as agreed
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
G2500 HB 170-229 pearlitic-ferritic
as the standard. A
4.6–4.0 BID or as agreed
G3000 HB 187-241 pearlitic
A
2. Referenced Documents 4.4–3.9 BID or as agreed
G3500 HB 207-255 pearlitic
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the A
4.2–3.8 BID or as agreed
G4000 HB 217-269 pearlitic
dateofmaterialprocurementformapartofthisspecificationto
A
4.1–3.7 BID or as agreed
the extent referenced herein:
A
2
Brinell impression diameter (BID) is the diameter in millimetres of the impres-
2.2 ASTM Standards:
sion of a 10 mm ball at 3000-kg load.
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Graphite in Iron Castings
4.1.3 If special heat treatment is required (see Section 6),
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
4.1.4 If special microstructure requirements are needed (see
2.3 Military Standard:
Section 7),
3
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
4.1.5 Surface where hardness test is to be performed (see
2.4 Federal Standard:
9.4),
3
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
4.1.6 Depth and surface hardness of case required (see 9.6),
4.1.7 Inspection lot and sampling plan required (see Section
3. Grades
10),
3.1 The specified grades, hardness ranges, and metallurgical
4.1.8 If additional requirements are needed (see 11.3), and
description are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 and in Section 9.
4.1.9 Whether special packaging and marking is required
(see Section 12).
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-
5. Hardness
clude the following information:
5.1 The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls and
4.1.1 ASTM designation,
inspection techniques to ensure compliance with the specified
4.1.2 Grade designation of gray iron required (3.1),
hardness range, Brinell hardness shall be determined in accor-
dance with Test Method E10, after sufficient material has been
removed from the casting surface to ensure representative
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
hardness readings. The 10-mm ball and 3000-kg load shall be
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGrayandWhite
used unless otherwise agreed upon. The area or areas on the
Iron Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
casting where hardness is to be checked shall be established by
approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A159 – 83 (2001).
agreement between supplier and purchaser and shall be shown
DOI: 10.1520/A0159-83R06.
2 on the drawing.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Heat Treatment
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, castings of Grades G1800
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
and G2500 may be annealed in order to meet the desired
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. hardness range.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A159 – 83 (2006)
TABLE 2 Brake Drums and Clutch Plates for Special Service
A
Grade Carbon min, % Microstructure
Casting Hardness
Graphite Matrix
B
G2500a 3.40 HB 170-229 Type VII, size 2–4 lamellar pearlite
4.6–4.0 BID or as agreed A distribution ferrite if present not to exceed 15%
C B
G3500b 3.40 HB 207-255 Type VII, size 3–5 lamellar pearlite
4.2–3.8 BID or as agreed A distribution ferrite or carbide if present not to exceed 5%
C B
G3500c 3.50 HB 207-255 Type VII, size 3–5 lamellar pearlite
4.2–3.8 BID or as agreed A distribution ferrite or carbide, if present not to exceed 5%
A
The chemical analysis for t
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM A532/A532M-10(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast Irons

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with abrasion-resistant cast irons used for mining, milling, earth-handling, and manufacturing industries. These alloys may be made by melting process and shall have microstructures that consist of carbides, martensite, bainite, austenite, and in exceptional cases, minor amounts of graphite or pearlite. The following conditions for casting will be supplied: as-cast, as-cast and stress relieved, hardened, hardened and stress relieved, or softened for machining. Heat treatment shall be done. The chemical composition of a class and type (that is, Class I, Type A) shall conform to the range of values specified for carbon, manganese, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, phosphorus, and sulfur. Hardness test shall also be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of white cast irons that have been alloyed to secure high resistance to abrasive wear in the applications of the mining, milling, earth-handling, and manufacturing industries.  
1.2 Simple and low-alloy white cast irons that consist essentially of iron carbides and pearlite are specifically excluded from this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A571/A571M-01(2023)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. The castings covered here are Type D-2M, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. The castings shall be made in the electric-arc furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which is capable of producing castings. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, and phosphorus. The castings shall undergo tension tests and impact tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness, and Charpy V-notch.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic ductile iron, Type D-2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service.  
1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterized by having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and free of flake graphite. They are essentially free of carbides and contain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austenitic matrix down to −423 °F [−252 °C] (liquid hydrogen).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A823-99(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds. Castings under this specification are classified into a number of grades (A-SA, A-SB, A-SC, A-SS, A-CA, A-CB, A-CC, N-SA, N-SB, N-SC,N-SS, N-CA, N-CB and N-CC) based on the properties of separately cast test bars. The grades are designated A for annealed or N for normalized; followed by an S or a C to designate a solid or a cored casting; followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the test bar to be poured with the castings. The cast test bar shall be selected on the basis of the controlling section size of the casting and shall have the specified dimensions (diameter and length). Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided the tensile strength and Brinell hardness requirements are met. The chemical composition and heat treatment shall be such as to produce these mechanical requirements as well. A suitable permanent mold design for separately cast test bars is described and the tension test requirements are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds.  
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A220/A220M-99(2022)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Pearlitic Malleable Iron

ABSTRACT
This specification covers pearlitic malleable iron castings for general. The chemical composition of the iron shall be such as to produce the mechanical properties required by this specification. Hardness test and tensile test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified. The microstructure of the pearlitic malleable iron shall consist of temper carbon nodules uniformly distributed in a matrix of ferrite, pearlite, and tempered transformation products of austenite. All castings on visual examination, shall be sound and free from obvious shrinkage and porosity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pearlitic malleable iron castings for general engineering usage at temperatures from normal ambient to approximately 750 °F [400 °C].  
1.1.1 For continuous service at temperatures up to 1200 °F [650 °C], design factors should be incorporated to compensate for possible property changes, as demonstrated by Marshall and Sommer2 and by Pearson.3  
1.2 Without knowledge of casting geometry and process details, no quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in the various locations of a casting and those of a test bar cast from the same iron.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A518/A518M-99(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for high-silicon iron castings of Grades 1, 2, and 3 intended for severe environment corrosion-resistant services. The alloy shall be produced by any melting and casting process, or combination of processes that will be capable of meeting the specified contents of carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and copper. Reference analysis methods are given for each chemical component. Transverse bend test and hydrostatic test shall be performed. Material shall conform to minimum load at center and minimum deflection at center requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high-silicon cast iron castings intended for corrosion-resistant service.  
1.2 This specification covers three grades as shown in Table 1. Selection of grade depends on the corrosive service to be experienced by the casting. All three grades are suited for application in severe corrosive environments. However, Grade 2 is particularly suited for application in strong chloride environments, and Grade 3 is recommended for impressed current anodes.    
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A874/A874M-98(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable low temperature service. Castings shall be produced by casting or heat treatment and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides. The iron shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, nickel and chromium. The iron shall conform to the required tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Graphite contained in the microstructure shall be evaluated and the percentage of each graphite type shall be estimated. The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale cracks, and hot tears.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable for service at temperatures of −40 °F [–40 °C] and above.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A395/A395M-99(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings are classified by grades based on mechanical property requirements. These iron castings shall meet the specified values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness. Chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the casting shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, and phosphorous. The material shall meet the required tensile properties, hardness, and microstructure. The iron casting shall undergo pressure test after machining. The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the size of the plug used shall be indicated. The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not exceed the prescribed limit. Other defective areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimum ligament between plugs in adjacent areas shall not be less than twice the distance from the nearest plug. Three Y-blocks shall be utilized as test coupons. The material shall undergo the following test methods: tension test, chemical analysis, yield strength test, and hardness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450 °F. For temperatures above 450 °F and up to 650 °F, only Grade 60-40-18 castings are suitable (Note 1).  
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping components are generally manufactured in advance and supplied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.  
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification A834 may be utilized.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 1: For service other than as specified in this section, reference should be made to Specification A536 for Ductile Iron Castings.2  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A897/A897M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Austempered Ductile Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings that are subsequently heat treated by an austempering process. The chemical composition requirements may be agreed upon between the manufacturer, heat treater, and the purchaser. Requirements for the microstructure constituents such as graphite, ausferrite (acicular ferrite and high carbon, stable austenite), pearlite, and martensite are prescribed. The iron shall conform to the mechanical property requirements including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, impact energy, and Brinell hardness. Castings shall be heat treated by an austempering process detailed in this specification. The standard specimens for tension and Charpy impact tests are illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings that are subsequently heat treated by an austempering process as defined in 9.1.  
1.2 The application of the austempering heat treatment extends the range of properties achievable in ductile iron castings.  
1.3 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1). However, austempering heat treatment will tend to diminish any differences in mechanical properties.  
1.4 The production of castings, machining (if required), and the austempering heat treatments may be performed by different manufacturers, as covered in Section 13. The purchaser should establish by contract agreement, at the time of ordering, the responsibility of the various parties for meeting the specification requirements.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A842-11A(2022)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Compacted Graphite Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with compacted graphite iron castings. These materials shall be examined metallographically for the acceptance graphite formation. The acceptable graphite formation in the microstructure of the test coupon or casting lug shall contain 80% minimum Type IV graphite. The iron shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Test bars and test coupons shall be cast in dried, baked, or chemically bonded molds consisting of an aggregate of silica sand with appropriate bonders and shall be subjected to the same thermal treatment as the castings they represent.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings made of compacted graphite iron, which is described as cast iron with the graphite in compacted (vermiform) shapes and essentially free of flake graphite in the bulk of the casting.  
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of iron in the various locations of the same casting and those of a test bar cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in Figs. 1-3 are standard. SI units are added for information only.  
Note 1: The length of the keel block shall be 6 in. (152 mm).  
FIG. 3 Mold for Modified Keel Block  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A602-94(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in automotive products and industries. Castings shall be heat treated and shall be of Grades M3210, M4504, M5003, M5503, M7002, and M8501. Materials shall conform to the specified hardness range. Materials shall follow specified microstructure requirements based on distribution of temper-carbon nodules in the metal matrix. All grades shall have a minimum concentration of spheroidal primary carbides in the microstructure.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in the products of the automotive and allied industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this specification.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off