ASTM D5093-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer with Sealed-Inner Ring
Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer with Sealed-Inner Ring
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure low infiltration rates associated with fine-grained, clayey soils, and are in the range of 1 × 10−5 cm/s to 1 × 10−8 cm/s.
5.2 This test method is particularly useful for measuring liquid flow through soil moisture barriers such as compacted clay liner or covers used at waste disposal facilities, for canal and reservoir liners, for seepage blankets, and for amended soil liners such as those used for retention ponds or storage tanks.
5.3 The purpose of the sealed inner ring is to: (1) provide a means to measure the actual amount of flow rather than a drop in water elevation which is the flow measurement procedure used in Test Method D3385 and (2) to eliminate evaporation losses.
5.4 The purpose of the outer ring is to promote one-dimensional, vertical flow beneath the inner ring. The use of large diameter rings and large depths of embedments helps to ensure that flow is essentially one-dimensional.
5.5 This test method provides a means to measure infiltration rate over a relatively large area of soil. Tests on large volumes of soil can be more representative than tests on small volumes of soil.
5.6 The data obtained from this test method are most useful when the soil layer being tested has a uniform distribution of pore space, and when the density and degree of saturation and the hydraulic conductivity of the material underlying the soil layer are known.
5.7 Changes in water temperature can introduce significant error in the volume change measurements. Temperature changes will cause water to flow in or out of the inner ring due to expansion or contraction of the inner ring and the water contained within the inner ring.
5.8 The problem of temperature changes can be minimized by insulating the rings, by allowing enough flow to occur so that the amount of flow resulting from a temperature change is not significant compared to that due to infiltration, or by connecting and disconnecting the bag from th...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring the infiltration rate of water through in-place soils using a double-ring infiltrometer with a sealed inner ring.
1.2 This test method is useful for soils with infiltration rates in the range of 1 × 10−5 cm/s to 1 × 10−8 cm/s. When infiltration rates ≥1 × 10−5 cm/s are to be measured Test Method D3385 shall be used.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.4 This test method provides a direct measurement of infiltration rate, not hydraulic conductivity. Although the units of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are similar, there is a distinct difference between these two quantities. They cannot be directly related unless the hydraulic boundary conditions, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water are known or can be reliably estimated.
1.5 This test method can be used for natural soil deposits, recompacted soil layers, and amended soils such as soil bentonite and soil lime mixtures.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5093 −15
Standard Test Method for
Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using Double-Ring
1
Infiltrometer with Sealed-Inner Ring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring
the infiltration rate of water through in-place soils using a
2. Referenced Documents
double-ring infiltrometer with a sealed inner ring.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method is useful for soils with infiltration rates
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
−5 −8
in the range of 1×10 cm/s to 1×10 cm/s. When infiltra-
Fluids
−5
tion rates ≥1×10 cm/s are to be measured Test Method
D3385Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field
D3385 shall be used.
Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
guideforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
D6026.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
Data
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this 3. Terminology
standard is beyond its scope.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this
1.4 This test method provides a direct measurement of
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
infiltration rate, not hydraulic conductivity.Although the units
of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are similar, there
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
is a distinct difference between these two quantities. They
3.2.1 infiltration—downward entry of liquid into a porous
cannot be directly related unless the hydraulic boundary
body.
conditions, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral
3.2.2 infiltration rate, I—quantity of liquid entering a po-
flow of water are known or can be reliably estimated.
3 2
rous material (m ) per unit area (m ) per unit time (s),
1.5 This test method can be used for natural soil deposits,
expressed in units of m/s.
recompacted soil layers, and amended soils such as soil
3.2.3 infiltrometer—a device used to pond liquid on a
bentonite and soil lime mixtures.
porous body and to allow for the measurement of the rate at
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded which liquid enters the porous body.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Summary of Test Method
conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
4.1 The infiltration rate of water through soil is measured
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the usingadouble-ringinfiltrometerwithasealedorcoveredinner
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ring (Fig. 1). The infiltrometer consists of an open outer and a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- sealed inner ring. The rings are embedded and sealed in
trenches excavated in the soil. Both rings are filled with water
such that the inner ring is submerged.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
2
Properties and Hydraulic Barriers. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5093–02(2008). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5093-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5093−15
changeswillcausewatertoflowinoroutoftheinnerringdue
to expansion or contraction of the inner ring and the water
contained within the inner ring.
5.8 The problem of temperature changes can be minimized
by insulating the rings, by allowing enough flow to occur so
that the amount of flow resulting from a temperature change is
not significant compared to that due to infiltration, or by
connectinganddisconnectingthebagfr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5093 − 02 (Reapproved 2008) D5093 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Field Measurement of Infiltration Rate Using Double-Ring
1
Infiltrometer with Sealed-Inner Ring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring the infiltration rate of water through in-place soils using a double-ring
infiltrometer with a sealed inner ring.
−7−5 −10−8
1.2 This test method is useful for soils with infiltration rates in the range of 1 × 10 m/scm/s to 1 × 10 m/s.cm/s. When
−7−5
infiltration rates ≥1 × 10 m/scm/s are to be measured Test Method D3385 shall be used.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.4 This test method provides a direct measurement of infiltration rate, not hydraulic conductivity. Although the units of
infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are similar, there is a distinct difference between these two quantities. They cannot be
directly related unless the hydraulic boundary conditions, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water are
known or can be reliably estimated.
1.5 This test method can be used for natural soil deposits, recompacted soil layers, and amended soils such as soil bentonite and
soil lime mixtures.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3385 Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Properties
and Hydraulic Barriers.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008June 1, 2015. Published September 2008July 2015. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D5093 – 02.D5093 – 02(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D5093-02R08.10.1520/D5093-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5093 − 15
3.2.1 infiltration—downward entry of liquid into a porous body.
3 2
3.2.2 infiltration rate, I—quantity of liquid entering a porous material (m ) per unit area (m ) per unit time (s), expressed in units
of m/s.
3.2.3 infiltrometer—a device used to pond liquid on a porous body and to allow for the measurement of the rate at which liquid
enters the porous body.
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, see Terminology D653.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The infiltration rate of water through soil is measured using a double-ring infiltrometer with a sealed or covered inner ring
(Fig. 1). The infiltrometer consists of an open outer an
...
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