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ASTM E2657-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids

Standard Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of endotoxin concentrations in metalworking fluids is a parameter that can be used in decision-making for prudent fluid management practices (fluid draining, cleaning, recharging or biocide dosages).
This test method provides a test method for analysts who perform quantitative endotoxin analyses of water-miscible metalworking fluids.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative methods for the sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentrations in water miscible metalworking fluids (MWF).
1.2 Users of this test method need to be familiar with the handling of MWF.
1.3 This test method gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration in the sampled MWF.
1.4 This test method replaces E 2250.
1.5 This test method seeks to minimize inter-laboratory variation of endotoxin data but does not ensure uniformity of results.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2009
ICS
07.100.99 - Other standards related to microbiology
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
Drafting Committee
E34.50 - Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2657-11 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Referred By
ASTM F86-21 - Standard Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Metallic Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2889-12(2017) - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2148-21 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2523-13(2018) - Standard Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM E2275-19 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide Performance
Effective Date
01-May-2009

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ASTM E2657-09 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking FluidsASTM E2657-09 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
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ASTM E2657-09 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E2657–09
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Endotoxin Concentrations in Water-
1
Miscible Metalworking Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2657; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope 2.2 Government Standard:
29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
1.1 This test method covers quantitative methods for the
Chemicals in Laboratories
sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentra-
29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
tions in water miscible metalworking fluids (MWF).
1.2 Users of this test method need to be familiar with the
handling of MWF.
2.3 Other Documents:
1.3 This test method gives an estimate of the endotoxin
Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard: Occupa-
concentration in the sampled MWF.
tional Exposure to Metalworking Fluids, 1998
1.4 This test method replaces E2250.
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 4th ed.,
1.5 This test method seeks to minimize inter-laboratory
Eller and Cassinelli, Eds., 1994
variation of endotoxin data but does not ensure uniformity of
results.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 control standard endotoxin (CSE), n—a purified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
preparation of endotoxin based on the USPReference Standard
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Endotoxin (RSE); used in laboratories to prepare standard
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
solutions.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 endotoxin, n—a lipopolysaccharide derived from the
2
outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 endotoxin unit (EU), n—a biological potency unit
D2881 Classification for Metal Working Fluids and Related
equivalent to the FDA Reference Standard Endotoxin (RSE).
Materials
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The current RSE (EC-6) is equivalent
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
to 1ng = 10 EU.
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-
3.1.4 geometric mean (GM), n—the central tendency of a
Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
set of numbers expressed as the nth root of their product.
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
3.1.5 geometric standard deviation (GSD), n—the spread of
Safety
data in a set of numbers expressed as a geometric mean.
3.1.6 gram-negative bacteria, n—prokaryotic cells that
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on
have a complex cell wall structure that stains characteristically
Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
when subjected to the differential Gram staining procedure.
E34.50 on Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
E2657-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
the ASTM website. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2657–09
3.1.7 inhibition/enhancement phenomenon, n—conditions 5.2 This test method provides a test method for analysts
or artifacts in sample solutions that cause endotoxin concen- whoperformquantitativeendotoxinanalysesofwater-miscible
tration data from LAL assays to be less than or more than the metalworking fluids.
concentration of endotoxin actually present in a given aqueous
sample.
6. Interferences
3.1.8 Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, n—a biologi-
6.1 Data from samples analyzed by LALmethodologies are
cal assay dependent on a series of cascading enzyme reactions
prone to variations due to batch differences in lysate
that occur when Limulus blood cell (amebocyte) lysate com-
composition/processing, non-optimal pH and temperatures of
bines with endotoxin.
assay solutions.
3.1.9 metalworking fluid (MWF), n—any fluid used for the
6.2 In the event that the phenomenon of inhibition/
purpose of cooling or treating metal surfaces during metal
enhancement influences this test method, endotoxin concentra-
removal, met
...

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