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ASTM D88-07(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.  
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.  
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.  
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99°C (70 and 210°F). A special procedure for waxy products is indicated. Note 1—Test Methods D445 and D2170 are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
Drafting Committee
D08.05 - Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D88-07 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D88/D88M-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Referred By
ASTM D1092-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Lubricating Greases
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7496-18 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4732-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Cool-Application Filling Compounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM B963-22 - Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D1084-16(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6511/D6511M-18 - Standard Test Methods for Solvent Bearing Bituminous Compounds
Effective Date
01-May-2013

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ASTM D88-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D88 −07 (Reapproved 2013) American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No: T72
Method 304—Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
Replaces Method 4285 of Federal Test
Method Standard No. 141A
Standard Test Method for
1
Saybolt Viscosity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for
ity)
determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities
D2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to
of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21
Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
and 99°C (70 and 210°F). A special procedure for waxy
D2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
products is indicated.
(Bitumens)
NOTE 1—Test Methods D445 and D2170 are preferred for the deter-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
mination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less
Petroleum Products
time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be con-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
verted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161.Itis
Petroleum Products
recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather
than Saybolt viscosities.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Sieves
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E102 TestMethodforSayboltFurolViscosityofBituminous
only.
Materials at High Temperatures
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1 Definitions:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 Furol—an acronym of “Fuel and road oils.”
3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscosity—the corrected efflux time in
2. Referenced Documents
seconds of 60 mLof sample flowing through a calibrated Furol
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
orifice under specified conditions. The viscosity value is
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
reported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at a
Closed Cup Tester
specified temperature.
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications
3.1.3 Saybolt Universal viscosity—the corrected efflux time
for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
in seconds of 60 mL of sample flowing through a calibrated
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Universal orifice under specified conditions. The viscosity
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
value is reported in Saybolt Universal seconds, abbreviated
SUS, at a specified temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 on
Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing. 4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
4.1 The efflux time in seconds of 60 mL of sample, flowing
approved in 1921. In 1923, combined with former Methods D47. Last previous
edition approved in 2007 as D88 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D0088-07R13.
through a calibrated orifice, is measured under carefully
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
controlled conditions. This time is corrected by an orifice
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
factor and reported as the viscosity of the sample at that
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. temperature.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D88−07 (2013)
5. Significance and Use 6.4 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers ,aslistedinTable1,for
reading the temperature of the sample. Each thermometer shall
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain
conform to the requirements listed in Specification E1 for that
petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity
ASTM Thermometer Number.
of
...

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ASTM D88/D88M-07(2019)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.  
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as electrical insulating oils.  
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities greater than 1000 s.  
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test Method E102/E102M.
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1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99°C [70 and 210°F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.  
Note 1: Test Methods D445 and D2170/D2170M are preferred for the determination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be converted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161. It is recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather than Saybolt viscosities.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D445-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
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1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid.  
Note 1: For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.
Note 2: ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D445 – 03.  
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.  
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-6 m2/s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s = 1 cP = 0.001 Pa·s.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E3277-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Liquid or Solid State of a Material by Rheometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shipping regulations often require the identification of a material as either a liquid or a solid. This test method may be used to make that determination for regulatory purposes. (See also Test Method D4359.)  
5.2 For liquid thermosetting resin, as cure progresses, the liquid resin becomes a solid. A thermosetting resin is more easily worked or shaped while in the liquid-like form and becomes more difficult to do so as the cure advances. The point at which the solid-like character becomes dominant is called the gel point and is considered to be the end of the period where the thermosetting resin is workable. Gel point is identified as that point where tan δ = 1 as determined in Test Method D4473.
Note 1: Gel point at ambient temperature is seldom a useful parameter. Use of this test method at the more useful elevated temperatures requires capabilities readily available but outside of 7.2.6, 7.2.7, and Section 10.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, development, and for regulatory compliance.
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1.1 Using rheometry, this test method determines, for regulatory purposes, whether a viscose viscous material is a liquid or a solid. Very small amounts of material (typically less than 3 g) may be used for this measurement.  
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ASTM D8263/D8263M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Change in Mass of Rolled Erosion Control Products When Submerged in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rolled erosion control products are intended to protect seed beds from erosion and provide an environment that encourages seed germination. Maintaining a moist environment by gradually releasing absorbed moisture helps provide a beneficial growth environment. The ability of a product to absorb moisture is commonly specified. This test method can be used for quality control and to determine product conformance to a specification.  
5.2 Change in mass of RECPs submerged in water may be used to control the quality of many RECPs. Change in mass of RECPs submerged in water has not been proven to relate to field performance for all materials.  
5.3 The change in mass of RECPs submerged in water may vary considerably depending on the composition of the materials used in the product or due to inconsistency within the product. This test method enables the characterization and control of product consistency.  
5.4 This test method may be used to determine the effect of different component materials and makeup of RECPs on the change in mass when submerged in water.  
5.5 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of RECPs. Comparative tests as directed in 5.6 may be advisable.  
5.6 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shall conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the evaluation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties shall take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are formed from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens shall be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories shall be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired date and an acceptable probability level ch...
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1.1 This test method measures the change in mass of a rolled erosion control product when specimens are submerged in water for a prescribed period of time. The change in mass is reported as a percentage of the original dry mass of the specimen.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbf) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for t...

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5.1 Viscosity is a measure of the fluidity of a material. Viscosity data are useful in the determination of the ease of stirring, pumping, dip coating, or other flow-related properties of paints and related fluids.  
5.2 This type of cup is used to measure viscosity because it is easy to use, robust, and may be used in tanks, reservoirs, and reactors.  
5.3 There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that provide better precision and bias, including the Ford viscosity cup (Test Method D1200), and the rotational viscometer (Test Methods D2196).  
5.4 Certain higher shear rate devices such as cone/plate viscometers (Test Method D4287) provide more information about sprayability, roll coatability, and other high-shear rate related properties of coatings.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should be used to check compliance with specifications only when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure adequate comparability of results.  
1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-Newtonian, for example, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another method, such as Test Methods D2196, should be used. Under controlled conditions, comparisons of the viscosity of non-newtonian materials may be helpful, but viscosity determination methods using controlled shear rate or shear stress are preferred.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.  
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Viscosity Measurement Validation of Rotational Viscometers

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5.1 This test method may be used to validate the performance of a specific rotational viscometer apparatus.  
5.2 This test method may be used to validate the performance of a specific method based upon the measurement of viscosity using rotational viscometer apparatus.  
5.3 This test method may be used to determine the repeatability of a specific apparatus, operator, or laboratory.  
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1.1 This test method provides procedures for validating viscosity measurements by rotational viscometers of Newtonian fluids. Performance parameters determined include viscosity repeatability (precision), detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and bias.  
1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical methods is requested or required for quality initiatives or where results may be used for legal purposes.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2408-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Extensional Viscosity of Agricultural Spray Tank Mixes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Extensional viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to stretching forces, such as those occurring during the disruption of liquid films and the formation of sprays used in agriculture and other purposes including painting operations or metal working. This method for measurement of a Screen Factor, gives a relative value for extensional viscosity, which may be used:  
4.1.1 To compare the potential for drift control of different polymers.  
4.1.2 To compare the relative extensional viscosity component of different spray tank mixtures.  
4.1.3 To determine the extent of breakdown of polymer solutions used as drift control additives during the recirculation of the solutions through pumps and screens.  
4.1.4 To use as a parameter in the Spray Drift Task Force Models for droplet size prediction.  
4.2 It should also be noted that many drift control polymers are irreversibly destroyed during the recirculation of spray mixes by pumping with high shear pumps such as gear or centrifugal pumps. It is advisable to subject the test mixture to similar pumping regimes to simulate practical conditions before carrying out the extensional viscosity test. Measurements of extensional viscosity are the only presently known method of determining the extent of this breakdown properties of dilute polymer solutions.  
4.3 This method is intended to produce a relative value for extensional viscosity. The purpose of the method is to compare the extensional viscosity produced by different polymer types or concentrations of polymer in spray tank mixes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative extensional viscosity or Screen Factor (SF) of dilute agricultural spray mixes.  
1.2 The test can be used for tank mixes containing dissolved, emulsified or dispersed materials, or mixtures.  
1.3 Results may be affected by the quality of the water used. Make-up water quality should therefore be specified in the presentation of results.  
1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination. Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.
Note 1: References to the development of extensional viscosity from dissolved polymers, extensional viscosity effects on the droplet size distribution of sprays, and measurements of screen factor on recirculated spray mixes containing polymers are available.2,3  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM B873-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method enables the measurement of the volume of the apparent density cup to ensure that it complies with the specified volume of 25.00 cm3  ± 0.03 cm3  (cylindrical cup), or 16.39 cm3  ± 0.05 cm3  (square cup). Use of an out-of-specification cup will give erroneous apparent density values using the formulae in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the volume of the apparent density cups used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417.  
1.2 The apparent density cup, particularly its rim, may become worn during use, and it is recommended that the volume of the cup be checked periodically (at least every 6 months) in order to ensure that it complies with the specified volume.  
1.3 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D7394-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A significant feature of this practice is the ability to survey coating rheology over a broad range of shear rates with the same bench viscometers and test protocol that paint formulators and paint quality control (QC) analysts routinely use. By using this procedure, measurement of the shear rheology of a coating is possible without using an expensive laboratory rheometer, and performance predictions can be made based on those measurements.  
5.2 Low-Shear Viscosity (LSV)—The determination of low-shear viscosity in this practice can be used to predict the relative “in-can” performance of coatings for their ability to suspend pigment or prevent syneresis, or both. The LSV can also predict relative performance for leveling and sag resistance after application by roll, brush or spray. Fig. 1 shows the predictive low-shear viscosity relationships for several coatings properties.
FIG. 1 Low Shear Viscosity (LSV)  
5.3 Mid-Shear Viscosity (MSV)—The determination of MSV (coating consistency) in this practice is often the first viscosity obtained. This viscosity reflects the coatings resistance to flow on mixing, pouring, pumping, or hand stirring. Architectural coatings nearly always have a target specification for mid-shear viscosity, which is usually obtained by adjusting the level of thickener in the coating. Consequently, mid-shear viscosity is ideally a constant for a given series of coatings being tested to provide meaningful comparisons of low-shear and high-shear viscosity. With viscosities at the same KU value, MSV can also be used to obtain the relative Mid-Shear Thickener Efficiency (MSTE) of different thickeners in the same coating expressed as lb thickener/100 gal wet coating or g thickener/L wet coating.  
5.4 High-Shear Viscosity (HSV)—High-shear viscosity in this practice is a measure of the coatings resistance to flow on application by brush or roller, which is often referred to as brush-drag or rolling resistance respectively. This viscosity rela...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a popular industry protocol for the rheological characterization of waterborne architectural coatings using three commonly used rotational bench viscometers. Each viscometer operates in a different shear rate regime for determination of coating viscosity at low shear rate, mid shear rate, and at high shear rate respectively as defined herein. General guidelines are provided for predicting some coating performance properties from the viscosity measurements made. With appropriate correlations and subsequent modification of the performance guidelines, this practice has potential for characterization of other types of aqueous and non-aqueous coatings.  
1.2 The values in common viscosity units (Krebs Units, KU and Poise, P) are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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