ASTM G146-01(2018)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides an indication of the resistance or susceptibility, or both, to HID of a metallurgically bonded stainless alloy surface layer on a steel substrate due to exposure to hydrogen-containing gaseous environments under HP/HT conditions. This practice is applicable over a broad range of pressures, temperatures, cooling rates, and gaseous hydrogen environments where HID could be a significant problem. These procedures can be used to assess the effects of material composition, processing methods, fabrication techniques, and heat treatment as well as the effects of hydrogen partial pressure, service temperature, and cooling rate. The HID produced by these procedures may not correlate directly with service experience for particular applications. Additionally, this practice does not address the evaluation of high-temperature hydrogen attack in the steel substrate. Typically, longer exposure times at the test conditions must be utilized to allow for the resistance to decarburization, internal blistering or cracking, or both, to be evaluated.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the evaluation of disbonding of bimetallic stainless alloy/steel plate for use in refinery high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gaseous hydrogen service. It includes procedures to (1) produce suitable laboratory test specimens, (2) obtain hydrogen charging conditions in the laboratory that are similar to those found in refinery HP/HT hydrogen gas service for evaluation of bimetallic specimens exposed to these environments, and (3) perform analysis of the test data. The purpose of this practice is to allow for comparison of data among test laboratories on the resistance of bimetallic stainless alloy/steels to hydrogen-induced disbonding (HID).
1.2 This practice applies primarily to bimetallic products fabricated by weld overlay of stainless alloy onto a steel substrate. Most of the information developed using this practice has been obtained for such materials. The procedures described herein, may also be appropriate for evaluation of hot roll bonded, explosive bonded, or other suitable processes for applying stainless alloys on steel substrates. However, due to the broad range of possible materials, test conditions, and variations in test procedures, it is up to the user of this practice to determine the suitability and applicability of these procedures for evaluation of such materials.
1.3 This practice is intended to be applicable for evaluation of materials for service conditions involving severe hydrogen charging which may produce HID as shown in Fig. 1 for stainless steel weld overlay on steel equipment (see Refs 1 and 2 in Appendix X1). However, it should be noted that this practice may not be appropriate for forms of bimetallic construction or service conditions which have not been observed to cause HID in service.
FIG. 1 Conditions of Hydrogen Partial Pressure and Temperature with Demonstrated Susceptibility to Hydrogen Disbonding in Refinery High-Pressure Hydrogen Service
Note 1: Open symbols—no disbonding reported. Filled symbols—disbonding reported.
1.4 Additional information regarding the evaluation of bimetallic stainless alloy/steel plate for HID, test methodologies, and the effects of test conditions, materials, and welding variables, and inspection techniques is given in Appendix X1.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for additional safety information.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on...
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G146 −01 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel
Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery
1
Hydrogen Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and the effects of test conditions, materials, and welding
variables, and inspection techniques is given in Appendix X1.
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the evaluation of
disbonding of bimetallic stainless alloy/steel plate for use in 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
refinery high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gaseous hy- standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
drogen service. It includes procedures to (1) produce suitable standard.
laboratory test specimens, (2) obtain hydrogen charging con-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ditions in the laboratory that are similar to those found in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
refinery HP/HT hydrogen gas service for evaluation of bime-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tallic specimens exposed to these environments, and (3)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
perform analysis of the test data. The purpose of this practice
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is to allow for comparison of data among test laboratories on
See Section 6 for additional safety information.
the resistance of bimetallic stainless alloy/steels to hydrogen-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
induced disbonding (HID).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This practice applies primarily to bimetallic products
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fabricated by weld overlay of stainless alloy onto a steel
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
substrate. Most of the information developed using this prac-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tice has been obtained for such materials. The procedures
described herein, may also be appropriate for evaluation of hot
2. Referenced Documents
roll bonded, explosive bonded, or other suitable processes for
2
applying stainless alloys on steel substrates. However, due to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the broad range of possible materials, test conditions, and
G111Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or
variationsintestprocedures,itisuptotheuserofthispractice
High Pressure Environment, or Both
to determine the suitability and applicability of these proce-
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
dures for evaluation of such materials.
2.2 ASME Standard:
1.3 This practice is intended to be applicable for evaluation
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V,Article 5,Tech-
3
of materials for service conditions involving severe hydrogen
nique Two
charging which may produce HID as shown in Fig. 1 for
stainlesssteelweldoverlayonsteelequipment(seeRefs1and
3. Terminology
2in Appendix X1). However, it should be noted that this
3.1 Definitions:
practice may not be appropriate for forms of bimetallic
3.1.1 HID—a delamination of a stainless alloy surface layer
construction or service conditions which have not been ob-
fromitssteelsubstrateproducedbyexposureofthematerialto
served to cause HID in service.
a hydrogen environment.
1.4 Additional information regarding the evaluation of bi-
metallicstainlessalloy/steelplateforHID,testmethodologies,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Corrosion Tests. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1996. Last previous edition in 2013 as G146 – 01 (2013). DOI: International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
10.1520/G0146-01R18. www.asme.org.
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