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ASTM A577/A577M-17(2023)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates

Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ultrasonic angle-beam procedure and acceptance standards for the detection of internal discontinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imperfections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for use only as a supplement to specifications which provide straight-beam ultrasonic examination. The ultrasonic frequency for the examination shall be the highest frequency that permits detection of the required calibration notch.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers an ultrasonic angle-beam procedure and acceptance standards for the detection of internal discontinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imperfections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for use only as a supplement to specifications which provide straight-beam ultrasonic examination.  
Note 1: An internal discontinuity that is laminar in nature is one whose principal plane is parallel to the principal plane of the plate.  
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the purchaser.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.11 - Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A577/A577M-17 - Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A353/A353M-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Double-Normalized and Tempered 9 % Nickel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A515/A515M-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A387/A387M-17a(2023) - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A737/A737M-17 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A285/A285M-17 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A562/A562M-10(2021) - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Titanium for Glass or Diffused Metallic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A844/A844M-21 - Standard Specification for Steel Plates, 9 %  Nickel Alloy, for Pressure Vessels, Produced by the Direct-Quenching Process
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A645/A645M-10(2022) - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, 5 % and 5<fraction><num>1</num> <den>2</den></fraction> % Nickel Alloy Steels, Specially Heat Treated
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A671/A671M-20 - Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A542/A542M-19 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched-and-Tempered, Chromium-Molybdenum, and Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A841/A841M-17 - Standard Specification for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels, Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A204/A204M-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A537/A537M-20 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM A20/A20M-20 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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ASTM A577/A577M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel PlatesASTM A577/A577M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
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ASTM A577/A577M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A577/A577M − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
1
Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A577/A577M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers an ultrasonic angle-beam
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
procedure and acceptance standards for the detection of inter-
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
nal discontinuities not laminar in nature and of surface imper-
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
fections in a steel plate. This specification is intended for use
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
only as a supplement to specifications which provide straight-
E2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
beam ultrasonic examination.
Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems
4
NOTE 1—An internal discontinuity that is laminar in nature is one
2.2 ASNT Standards:
whose principal plane is parallel to the principal plane of the plate.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with
this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance
3. Terminology
with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-
TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to nonde-
standard is one which covers the qualification and certification structive examinations used in this specification, refer to
of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which
Terminology E1316.
is acceptable to the purchaser.
4. Ordering Information
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
4.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate any additions to the
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
provisions of this specification as prescribed in 12.1.
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
5. Examination Conditions
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
5.1 The examination shall be conducted in an area free of
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
operations that interfere with proper performance of the
cation.
examination.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.2 The surface of the plate shall be conditioned as neces-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sary to provide a clear, easily interpreted A-scan on the screen
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of the ultrasonic instrument. Any specified identification which
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
is removed to achieve proper surface smoothness shall be
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
restored.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Ultrasonic Instruments:
6.1.1 The ultrasonic instrument shall be a pulse echo type
instrument capable of addressing either a mono-element probe
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A577/A577M – 17. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0577_A0577M-17R23. the ASTM website.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
cation SA-577/SA-577M in Section II of that Code. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A577/A577M − 17 (2023)
or a phased-array probe and shall be equipped with a standard- indication. Adjust the instrument gain so that this refl
...

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SCOPE
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This procedure covers the standard and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled carbon and alloy steel plates. The amplitude linearity of the apparatus to be used shall be checked by positioning the transducer over the depth resolution notch in the IIW or similar block. The inspection shall be performed in an area free of operations that interfere with proper performance of the test. The test shall be performed either by direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling. Grid scanning shall be conducted along a continuous perpendicular line on the center. All discontinuities causing complete loss of reflection shall be recorded.
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This specification covers the standard procedure and acceptance for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam type. Nondestructive examination of the material shall be conducted in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment. The test shall be done by one of the following methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling. Ultrasonic examination shall be made on either major surface of the plate. Grid scanning shall be continuous along perpendicular grid lines or shall be continuous along parallel paths, transverse to the major plate axis, or shall be continuous along parallel paths, parallel to the major plate axis, or smaller centers. Any discontinuity indication causing a total loss of back reflection which cannot be contained within a circle is unacceptable.
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1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current shall be used as the electric power source for any of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permitted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is very limited and therefore unsuitable.  
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Note 1: Guide E709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examination in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from steel forgings.  
1.3 The minimum requirements for magnetic particle examination shall conform to practice standards of Practice E1444/E1444M. If the requirements of this practice are in conflict with the requirements of Practice E1444/E1444M, the requirements of this practice shall prevail.  
1.4 This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Specification for Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Structural Shapes

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This specification deals with the procedures and acceptance standards for straight beam, pulse echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled structural shapes. The section surfaces shall be sufficiently clean and smooth to maintain a back reflection from the opposite side of the flanges, legs and webs. Ultrasonic testing shall be made on the major surface of each flange and one major web surface. Evaluation of indications may require inspection from an opposite surface. Two levels of acceptance standards are included. Level II is intended for normal applications where freedom from gross internal discontinuities is desired, particularly in connection regions. Level I is intended for critical applications such as welded chord members used in tension loading.
SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings by the straight and angle beam techniques. This practice does not cover the ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings. The instrument used for this test method shall be the electronic pulsed reflection type. Prior to examination, specimens shall be heat treated and machined to a rectangular, parallel, or concentric surface configuration, and its surface shall be free of extraneous material such as loose scale, paint, and dirt. Calibration of the apparatus shall be done by either the single-block method or distance-amplitude curve method. Choice of method to be employed shall be determined by the test metal distance involved. Quality levels for acceptance, established by the type and amount of indication present, are detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers straight and angle beam contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings produced in accordance with Practice A388/A388M and Specifications A965/A965M and A1049/A1049M.  
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M rather than this practice.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E588-03(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Detection of Large Inclusions in Bearing Quality Steel by the Ultrasonic Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Comparison with Other Inclusion Rating Methods—Because the test is performed on a volumetric rather than a surface-examination basis, the ultrasonic method is inherently better able to detect infrequently occurring large inclusions or clusters of small inclusions than eddy current, magnetic particle, microscopical, or macroscopic examination procedures.  
6.2 Limitation of Inclusion Size and Type—A limitation of the method is that it will not detect all inclusions. Inclusion chemistry, size, shape, location, and distribution may limit the ability of the method to provide indications distinct from those generated by the surrounding metallurgical structure. The recommended practice is only meaningfully applicable to examination of steel wherein the inclusion size and type are within the detection capabilities of the method. For steel wherein inclusion size, dispersion, and chemistry prevent optimum inclusion detection by ultrasonics, microscopical methods detailed in Test Methods E45 may be applied.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the rating of rectangular steel sections by immersion ultrasonic techniques. Its purpose is to provide information on the content of large inclusions or clusters of small inclusions for determining the suitability of a steel lot for bearing applications. This practice in no manner defines or establishes limits of acceptability.  
1.2 For this document, large inclusions are defined in ultrasonic terms as those having a reflecting area equivalent to or larger than a 1/64 in. diameter flat-bottom hole in a steel reference block of similar properties and thickness. In metallographic terms, large inclusions, defined in this way, are of approximately the same size as the smallest detectable sizes revealed by the macroscopic methods of Test Methods E45. In some cases, inclusions smaller than those described previously can be detected either individually or in clusters, depending on their type, chemical composition, orientation to the ultrasonic beam and distance from the sound entry surface of the specimen.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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