ASTM E1620-97(2016)

Standard Terminology Relating to Liquid Particles and Atomization

SCOPE
1.1 In a broad sense, this terminology covers terminology associated with liquid particles dispersed in gas. The principal emphasis, however, is on particles produced by the process of atomization.  
1.2 All terms, followed by their definitions, are arranged alphabetically. In addition, the terminology contains several tables wherein terms related to specific subjects are segregated and identified.  
1.3 Within the broad scope, the following specific categories are included:  
1.3.1 Terms pertaining to the structure and condition of individual particles or groups of particles as observed in nature.  
1.3.2 Terms pertaining to the structure and condition of individual particles or groups of particles produced by an atomizing device.  
1.3.3 Terms pertaining to atomizing devices according to the primary energy source responsible for spray development. (When more than one term is used for the same device or class of devices, the alternative term is followed by the preferred term.) Definitions of the devices may refer to their construction, operating principle, or distinctive spray characteristics. The atomizers, however, are not classified by their respective areas of application or end use. Moreover, the listed terms are generic and do not include brand names, trademarks, or proprietary designations.  
1.3.4 Terms pertaining to statistical parameters involving particle measurement, particle size, and size distribution functions.  
1.3.5 Terms pertaining to instruments and test procedures utilized in the characterization of liquid particles and sprays.      
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2016
• ICS: 01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 07.030 - Physics. Chemistry
• Technical Committee: E29 - Particle and Spray Characterization
• Drafting Committee: E29.02 - Non-Sieving Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1620 − 97 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Liquid Particles and Atomization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The transformation of bulk liquid into collections of discrete drops in sprays or mists is required for
many processes including combustion, spray drying, evaporative cooling, humidification, and spray
coating. Several techniques are commonly used to measure and characterize collections of drops as
found in sprays, and a substantial body of terminology has evolved to describe liquid drops, drop
populations, sprays, and spray devices, all of which are of interest to the users of liquid atomizers,
spray instruments, and data. This terminology lists terms commonly encountered in the literature on
liquid drops and sprays and provides definitions specific to the subject area.
1. Scope 1.3.4 Terms pertaining to statistical parameters involving
particle measurement, particle size, and size distribution func-
1.1 In a broad sense, this terminology covers terminology
tions.
associated with liquid particles dispersed in gas. The principal
1.3.5 Terms pertaining to instruments and test procedures
emphasis, however, is on particles produced by the process of
utilized in the characterization of liquid particles and sprays.
atomization.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.2 All terms, followed by their definitions, are arranged
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
alphabetically. In addition, the terminology contains several
standard.
tables wherein terms related to specific subjects are segregated
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
and identified.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Within the broad scope, the following specific catego-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ries are included:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3.1 Terms pertaining to the structure and condition of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
individualparticlesorgroupsofparticlesasobservedinnature.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3.2 Terms pertaining to the structure and condition of
individual particles or groups of particles produced by an
2. Referenced Documents
atomizing device.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3.3 Terms pertaining to atomizing devices according to
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
the primary energy source responsible for spray development.
Atmospheres
(When more than one term is used for the same device or class
E799 Practice for Determining Data Criteria and Processing
of devices, the alternative term is followed by the preferred
for Liquid Drop Size Analysis
term.) Definitions of the devices may refer to their
construction, operating principle, or distinctive spray charac-
3. Terminology
teristics. The atomizers, however, are not classified by their
respective areas of application or end use. Moreover, the listed
aerating nozzle, n—a device to atomize liquid for the purpose
terms are generic and do not include brand names, trademarks,
of aeration.
or proprietary designations.
DISCUSSION—Although this term is occasionally used to designate
certain types of airblast or internal mixing pneumatic atomizers, it is
ambiguous and is not recommended for describing the latter devices.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E29 on Particle
and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02
2
on Non-Sieving Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1620 – 97 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E1620-97R16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1620 − 97 (2016)
TABLE 1 Summary of Atomizer Terms
Pressure Atomizer (hydraulic atomizer, pressure atomizing nozzle, Lubbock nozzle
pressure nozzle, single-fluid atomizer) variable orifice poppet nozzle (variable orifice pintle nozzle)
cone atomizer (cone spray nozzle)
hollow cone atomizer Pneumatic Atomizer (air atomizing nozzle, blast nozzle, gas atomizer, gas-
solid cone a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1620 − 97 (Reapproved 2012) E1620 − 97 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Liquid Particles and Atomization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The transformation of bulk liquid into collections of discrete drops in sprays or mists is required for
many processes including combustion, spray drying, evaporative cooling, humidification, and spray
coating. Several techniques are commonly used to measure and characterize collections of drops as
found in sprays, and a substantial body of terminology has evolved to describe liquid drops, drop
populations, sprays, and spray devices, all of which are of interest to the users of liquid atomizers,
spray instruments, and data. This terminology lists terms commonly encountered in the literature on
liquid drops and sprays and provides definitions specific to the subject area.
1. Scope
1.1 In a broad sense, this terminology covers terminology associated with liquid particles dispersed in gas. The principal
emphasis, however, is on particles produced by the process of atomization.
1.2 All terms, followed by their definitions, are arranged alphabetically. In addition, the terminology contains several tables
wherein terms related to specific subjects are segregated and identified.
1.3 Within the broad scope, the following specific categories are included:
1.3.1 Terms pertaining to the structure and condition of individual particles or groups of particles as observed in nature.
1.3.2 Terms pertaining to the structure and condition of individual particles or groups of particles produced by an atomizing
device.
1.3.3 Terms pertaining to atomizing devices according to the primary energy source responsible for spray development. (When
more than one term is used for the same device or class of devices, the alternative term is followed by the preferred term.)
Definitions of the devices may refer to their construction, operating principle, or distinctive spray characteristics. The atomizers,
however, are not classified by their respective areas of application or end use. Moreover, the listed terms are generic and do not
include brand names, trademarks, or proprietary designations.
1.3.4 Terms pertaining to statistical parameters involving particle measurement, particle size, and size distribution functions.
1.3.5 Terms pertaining to instruments and test procedures utilized in the characterization of liquid particles and sprays.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
E799 Practice for Determining Data Criteria and Processing for Liquid Drop Size Analysis
3. Terminology
aerating nozzle, n—a device to atomize liquid for the purpose of aeration.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
Non-Sieving Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2016. Published May 2012October 2016. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20042012 as
E1620 – 97 (2004).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/E1620-97R12.10.1520/E1620-97R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1620 − 97 (2016)
TABLE 1 Summary of Atomizer Terms
Pressure Atomizer (hydraulic atomizer, pressure atomizing nozzle, Lubbock nozzle
pressure nozzle, single-fluid atomizer) variable orifice poppet nozzle (variable orifice pintle nozzle)
cone atomizer (cone spray nozzle)
hollow cone atomizer Pneumatic Atomizer (air atomizing nozzle, blast nozzle, gas atomizer, gas-
solid cone atomizer (full cone nozzle) liquid nozzle, twin-fluid atomizer, two-fluid atomizer)
deflector atomizer (flood nozzle, flooding nozzle) air assist nozzle
dual orific
...