ASTM F1789-03
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
SCOPE
1.1This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F 1789 – 03
Standard Terminology for
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F16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum
range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of
minimum quantity for any of the following elements is
definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
specified or required within the limits of the recognized field
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically.
of constructional alloy steels: chromium, molybdenum,
In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME
desired alloying effect.
B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE
alter—to change fastener properties such as hardness, tensile
J412.
strength, surface finish, length, or other characteristics of the
2. Referenced Documents
fastener through such processes as heat treatment, plating,
and machining.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
anchor bolt—a steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
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to be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and
of Steel Products
3
projects from the concrete for anchoring other material to the
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
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concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or
E 456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
provided with an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head,
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
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or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
the anchor bolt as required.
2.3 IFI Standards:
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annealing—a general term applied to a variety of thermal
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Test-
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or homogenizing material properties. The specific types of
ing Laboratories
annealing are:
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
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full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transfor-
Mechanical Fasteners
mation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully
2.4 SAE Standard:
transform the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of
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controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified tempera-
Steels
ture. A full anneal refines grain structure and provides a
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
relatively soft, ductile material that is free of internal
stresses.
alloy groups—an alloy group includes alloys considered to be
intercritical annealing/isothermal annealing—heating a steel
chemically equivalent for general purpose use in specifying
above the lower critical transformation temperature, but
stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, studs and nuts.
below the upper-critical transformation temperature, to dis-
solve all the iron carbides, but not transform all the ferrite to
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austenite. Cooling slowly from this temperature, through the
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
lower critical temperature, produces a structure of ferrite and
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published Aug. 2003. Originally
pearlite that is free of internal stresses. In intercritical
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1789 – 02b.
2 annealing, the steel continues to cool slowly in the furnace,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
3
similarly to full annealing. In isothermal annealing, cooling
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.08.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
is stopped just below the lower critical, assuring complete
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Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
transformation to ferrite and coarse pearlite, and eliminating
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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the potential for bainite formation. The coarse pearlite
Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105,
Cleveland, OH 44114. structure greatly improves machinability of medium carbon
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Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
steels.
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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