EN 280:2013

Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests

1.1   This European Standard specifies safety requirements and measures for all types and sizes of Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP, see 3.1) intended to move persons to working positions where they are carrying out work from the work platform (WP) with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work platform only at access positions at ground level or on the chassis.
NOTE   Machines designed for the handling of goods which are equipped with work platforms as interchangeable equipment are regarded as MEWPs.
1.2   This European Standard is applicable to the structural design calculations and stability criteria, construction, safety examinations and tests before MEWPs are first put into service. It identifies the hazards arising from the use of MEWPs and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards.
It does not cover the hazards arising from:
a)   use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
b)   electromagnetic incompatibility;
c)   work from the platform on external live electric systems;
d)   use of compressed gases for load bearing components;
e)   getting on and off the work platform at changing levels;
f)   specific applications (e.g. railway, ships) covered by National or local regulations.
1.3   This European Standard does not apply to:
a)   machinery serving fixed landings (see e.g. EN 81-1 and EN 81-2, EN 12159);
b)   fire-fighting and fire rescue appliances (see e.g. EN 1777);
c)   unguided work cages suspended from lifting appliances (see e.g. EN 1808);
d)   elevating operator position on rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment (see EN 528);
e)   tail lifts (see EN 1756-1 and EN 1756-2);
f)   mast climbing work platforms (see EN 1495);
g)   fairground equipment;
h)   lifting tables (see EN 1570);
i)   aircraft ground support equipment (see e.g. EN 1915-1 and EN 1915-2);
j)   elevating operator positions on industrial trucks (see EN 1726-2).
1.4   Classification:
MEWPs are divided into two main groups:
a)   Group A:   MEWPs where the vertical projection of the centre of the area of the platform in all platform configurations at the maximum chassis inclination specified by the manufacturer is always inside the tipping lines.
b)   Group B:   All other MEWPs.
Relating to travelling, MEWPs are divided into three types:
1)   Type 1   Travelling is only allowed with the MEWP in its transport configuration;
2)   Type 2   Travelling with raised work platform is controlled from a point of control at the chassis;
3)   Type 3   Travelling with raised work platform is controlled from a point of control at the work platform.
NOTE   Type 2 and type 3 can be combined.

Fahrbare Hubarbeitsbühnen - Berechnung - Standsicherheit - Bau - Sicherheit - Prüfungen

1.1   Diese Europäische Norm legt Sicherheitsanforderungen und Maßnahmen für alle Arten und Größen von Fahrbaren Hubarbeitsbühnen (FHAB, siehe 3.1) fest, die dafür vorgesehen sind, Personen zu Arbeitsplätzen, an denen sie von der Arbeitsbühne aus Arbeiten verrichten, unter der Bedingung zu befördern, dass Personen die Arbeitsbühne nur an Zugangsstellen in Bodennähe oder vom Fahrgestell aus betreten und verlassen.
ANMERKUNG   Maschinen für den Transport von Gütern, die mit Arbeitsbühnen als auswechselbare Einrichtungen ausgerüstet sind, gelten als FHAB.
1.2   Diese Europäische Norm ist anwendbar auf die Festigkeitsberechnungen und die Standsicherheit, den Bau, die Sicherheitsanforderungen und die Prüfung von FHABn, bevor sie zum ersten Mal zum Einsatz kommen. Sie weist auf die Gefährdungen, die durch den Einsatz von FHABn entstehen, hin und beschreibt Verfahren zur Beseitigung oder Verminderung dieser Gefährdungen.
Sie deckt keine Gefährdungen ab, die verursacht werden durch:
a)   Einsatz in explosionsfähiger Atmosphäre;
b)   elektromagnetische Unverträglichkeit;
c)   Arbeiten an unter Spannung stehenden elektrischen Systemen;
d)   Einsatz von unter Druck stehenden Gasen bei Last tragenden Bauteilen;
e)   Betreten und Verlassen der Arbeitsbühne auf wechselnden Ebenen;
f)   besondere Einsatzbereiche, die durch nationale oder regionale Vorschriften geregelt sind, wie z. B. schienengebundene Fahrzeuge oder Schiffe.
1.3   Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für:
a)   Hebeeinrichtungen, die festgelegte Ebenen bedienen (siehe z. B. EN 81-1 und EN 81-2, EN 12159);
b)   Geräte zur Brandbekämpfung und zur Rettung (siehe z. B. EN 1777);
c)   ungeführte Arbeitskörbe, die an Hebezeugen hängen (siehe z. B. EN 1808);
d)   hebbare Bedienungsstände an Regalbediengeräten (siehe EN 528);
e)   Hubladebühnen (Ladebordwände) (siehe EN 1756-1 und EN 1756-2);
f)   mastgeführte Kletterbühnen (siehe EN 1495);
g)   Jahrmarktgeräte;
h)   Hubtische (siehe EN 1570-1);
i)   Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte (siehe z. B. EN 1915-1 und EN 1915-2);
j)   hebbare Arbeitsplätze an Flurförderzeugen (siehe EN 1726-2).

Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel - Calculs de conception - Critères de stabilité - Construction - Sécurité - Examens et essais

1.1   La présente Norme européenne spécifie des prescriptions et mesures techniques de sécurité pour tous types et tailles de plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel (PEMP, voir 3.1), destinées à déplacer des personnes vers des positions de travail pour exécution depuis la plate-forme, la position d’accès et de sortie de la plate-forme se trouvant uniquement au niveau du sol ou sur le châssis.
NOTE   Les machines conçues pour manutentionner des charges et qui sont équipées de plates-formes interchangeables sont considérées comme des PEMP.
1.2   La présente Norme européenne est applicable aux calculs de conception de la structure, aux critères de stabilité, à la construction, et aux examens et essais de sécurité avant la première mise en service des PEMP. Elle identifie les risques résultant de l’utilisation des PEMP et décrit des méthodes pour éliminer ou réduire ces risques.
Elle ne couvre pas les risques résultant :
a)   de l’utilisation dans des atmosphères potentiellement explosives ;
b)   de l’incompatibilité électromagnétique ;
c)   des travaux depuis le plate-forme sur des systèmes électriques sous tension extérieurs ;
d)   de l’emploi de gaz comprimés pour les organes supports de charge ;
e)   de niveaux différents d’accès et de sortie de la plate-forme ;
f)   des applications particulières (par exemple, rails, navigation) couvertes par les réglementations locales ou nationales
1.3   La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas :
a)   aux machines desservant des niveaux définis (voir par exemple l’EN 81-1 et l’EN 81-2, EN 12159) ;
b)   aux élévateurs de lutte contre l’incendie et de sauvetage (voir par exemple l’EN 1777) ;
c)   aux nacelles non guidées, suspendues à des appareils de levage (voir par exemple l’EN 1808) ;
d)   aux postes de conduite élevables sur transtockeurs (voir l’EN 528) ;
e)   aux hayons élévateurs (voir l’EN 1756-1 et l’EN 1756-2) ;
f)   aux plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long de mâts (voir l’EN 1495) ;
g)   au matériel de parc d’exposition ;
h)   aux tables élévatrices (voir l’EN 1570-1) ;
i)   au matériel au sol pour aéronefs (voir par exemple l’EN 1915-1 et l’EN 1915-2:) ;
j)   aux positions d’élévation de l’opérateur des chariots de manutention (voir l’EN 1726-2).
1.4   Classification
Les PEMP sont divisées en deux groupes principaux :
a)   Groupe A :   PEMP dont la projection verticale du centre de la surface de la plate-forme se trouve toujours à l’intérieur des lignes de renversement, dans toutes les configurations de la plate-forme et à l’inclinaison maximale du châssis spécifiée par le fabricant.
b)   Groupe B :   toutes les autres PEMP.
En fonction de leur possibilité de translation, les PEMP sont divisées en 3 types :
1)   Type 1 : la translation n’est admise que si la PEMP est en configuration de transport ;
2)   Type 2 : la translation avec la plate-forme de travail en position haute ne peut être commandée que par un organe situé sur le châssis ;
3)   Type 3 : la translation avec la plate-forme de travail en position haute peut être commandée par un organe situé sur la plate-forme de travail.
NOTE   Le type 2 et le type 3 peuvent être combinés.

Premične dvižne delovne ploščadi - Konstrukcijski izračuni - Merila stabilnosti - Konstrukcijske izvedbe - Varnost - Pregledi in preskusi

Ta evropski standard določa varnostne zahteve in ukrepe za vse tipe in velikosti premičnih dvižnih delovnih ploščadi (MEWP, glej 3.1), ki so namenjene premikanju oseb na delovna mesta, kjer opravljajo delo na delovni ploščadi (WP), z namenom, da osebe prihajajo na delovno ploščad in odhajajo z nje le na dostopnih mestih na nivoju tal ali šasiji.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 23-Jul-2013
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Apr-2025
• ICS: 53.020.99 - Other lifting equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 98 - Lifting platforms
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 98/WG 1 - Mobile elevating work platforms
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 26-Aug-2015
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Mandate: M/BC/CEN/91/1 - Standardization request to CEN/CENELEC concerning machines presenting hazards due to mobility or load lifting
• Ref Project: SIST EN 280:2013 - Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests

Relations

• Replaces: EN 280:2001+A2:2009 - Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
• Effective Date: 19-Sep-2009
• Merged Into: EN 280:2013+A1:2015 - Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023
• Amended By: EN 280:2013/FprA1 - Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
• Effective Date: 11-Sep-2013
• Revised: EN 280:2001 - Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 280:2002+A2:2009
3UHPLþQHGYLåQHGHORYQHSORãþDGL.RQVWUXNFLMVNLL]UDþXQL0HULODVWDELOQRVWL
.RQVWUXNFLMVNHL]YHGEH9DUQRVW3UHJOHGLLQSUHVNXVL
Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria - Construction -
Safety - Examinations and tests
Fahrbare Hubarbeitsbühnen - Berechnung - Standsicherheit - Bau - Sicherheit -
Prüfungen
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel - Calculs de conception - Critères de
stabilité - Construction - Sécurité - Examens et essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 280:2013
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 280
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2013
ICS 53.020.99 Supersedes EN 280:2001+A2:2009
English Version
Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability
criteria - Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel - Calculs Fahrbare Hubarbeitsbühnen - Berechnung -
de conception - Critères de stabilité - Construction - Standsicherheit - Bau - Sicherheit - Prüfungen
Sécurité - Examens et essais
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 May 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 280:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 List of hazards . 14
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Structural and stability calculations . 19
5.2.1 General . 19
5.2.2 Loads and forces . 19
5.2.3 Determination of loads and forces . 19
5.2.4 Stability calculations . 21
5.2.5 Structural calculations . 23
5.3 Chassis and stabilisers . 37
5.3.1 Chassis . 37
5.3.2 Stabilisers . 41
5.4 Extending structure . 42
5.5 Extending structure drive systems . 46
5.5.1 General . 46
5.5.2 Wire rope drive systems . 47
5.5.3 Chain drive systems . 49
5.5.4 Lead-screw drive systems . 50
5.5.5 Rack and pinion drive systems . 50
5.6 Work platform . 51
5.7 Controls . 54
5.8 Electrical equipment . 55
5.9 Hydraulic systems. 56
5.10 Hydraulic cylinders . 58
5.11 Safety devices . 62
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 64
6.1 Examinations and tests . 64
6.1.1 General . 64
6.1.2 Design check . 64
6.1.3 Manufacturing check . 64
6.1.4 Tests . 65
6.2 Type tests of MEWPs . 70
6.3 Tests before placing on the market . 70
7 Information for use . 70
7.1 Instruction handbook . 70
7.2 Marking . 74
Annex A (informative) Use of MEWPs in wind speeds greater than 12,5 m/s (Beaufort-Scale) . 76
Annex B (informative) Dynamic factors in stability and structural calculations . 77
B.1 Stability calculations . 77
B.2 Structural calculations . 77
Annex C (normative) Calculation of wire rope drive systems . 78
C.1 General . 78
C.2 Calculation of wire rope drive systems . 78
C.3 Calculation of rope diameters (coefficient c) . 79
C.4 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys
[coefficient (h · h )] .7 9
1 2
C.5 Efficiency of wire rope drive systems .8 2
Annex D (informative) Calculation example - Wire rope drive systems . 84
D.1 Method used to determine the coefficients and ratios used for 5.5.2 (wire rope drive
systems) using the load cycle figures in 5.2.5.3 and operating speeds in 5.4.5 . 84
D.2 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, pulleys and static pulleys . 87
Annex E (informative) Calculation examples - factor "z", kerb test . 90
Annex F (normative) Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems . 92
F.1 General .9 2
F.2 Control limitation .9 2
F.3 Stop .9 2
F.4 Serial data communication .9 2
F.5 Use of more than one operator control station .9 3
F.6 Battery-powered operator control stations .9 3
F.7 Receiver .9 3
F.8 Warnings .9 3
F.9 Information for use .9 3
Annex G (normative) Dimensions of steps and ladders .9 4
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .9 6
Bibliography .9 7

Foreword
This document (EN 280:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting platforms”, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 280:2001+A2:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
• Entry 1.4: the groups into which MEWPs are divided have been précised;
• Subclause 5.3 "Chassis and stabilisers" has been totally restructured and new requirements have been
added;
• Entry 5.3.1.2: requirements for inclination have been reviewed;
• Entry 5.3.1.18: requirements for rail mounted MEWPs have been included;
• Subclause 5.3.2.3: requirements for MEWPs equipped with one or more oscillating axles have been
included;
• Entry 5.4.1.7: variable working envelope by manual selection of more than one rated load has been
précised;
• Entry 5.6.1: adjustments of the platform levels have been included;
• Entry 5.6.3: on work platforms with fixed guard handrails minimum dimensions of openings for the
purpose of access to it have been added;
• Entry 5.6.14: "Anchorage(s) for the connection of a restraint device" has been added;
• Entry 5.6.15: requirements with regard to vibrations have been included;
• Entry 5.6.16: requirements for protection of operators on the platform have been added;
• Entry 5.6.17: requirements for "Exchangeable work platforms" have been included;
• Entry 5.7.9 "Overriding of emergency stops respectively safety functions…" has been totally revised;
• Subclause 5.11: for safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS) that perform the relevant safety
function the references to categories according to EN 954-1 (see Table 4) have been replaced by
references to performance levels according to EN ISO 13849-1;
• Subclause 6.1.4.2: requirements for platform with extension have been added;
• New Annex F "Additional requirements for wireless controls and control systems" has been added.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
The object of this European Standard is to define rules for safeguarding persons and objects against the risk
of accidents associated with the operation of Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs).
 This European Standard does not repeat all the general technical rules applicable to every electrical,
mechanical or structural component.
 The safety requirements of this European Standard have been drawn up on the basis that MEWPs are
periodically maintained according to manufacturers' instructions, working conditions, frequency of use
and national regulations.
It is also assumed that MEWPs are checked for function daily before start of work and are not put into
operation unless all required control and safety devices are available and in working order.
If a MEWP is seldom used, the checks may be made before start of work.
Furthermore it is assumed that persons on the work platform in case of power supply failure are not
incapacitated and can assist in the emergency lowering.
 As far as possible this European Standard sets out only the requirements that materials and equipment
need to meet in the interest of safety, and it is assumed that persons operating MEWPs are adequately
trained.
 Where for clarity an example of a safety measure is given in the text, this does not need to be considered
as the only possible solution. Any other solution leading to the same risk reduction is permissible if an
equivalent level of safety is achieved.
 As no satisfactory explanation could be found for the dynamic factors used for stability calculations in
previous national standards, the results of the tests carried out by the former CEN/TC 98/WG 1 to
determine a suitable factor and stability calculation method for MEWPs have been adopted. The test
method is described in Annex B (informative) as a guide for manufacturers wishing to use higher or lower
operating speeds and to take advantage of developments in control systems.
Similarly, to avoid the unexplained inconsistencies in coefficients of utilisation for wire ropes found in other
standards for lifting devices, appropriate extracts of the widely accepted standard DIN 15020-1 have been
taken into 5.5.2 and Annex C (normative) with a worked example in Annex D (informative).

1 Scope
1.1 This European Standard specifies safety requirements and measures for all types and sizes of Mobile
Elevating Work Platform (MEWP, see 3.1) intended to move persons to working positions where they are
carrying out work from the work platform (WP) with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work
platform only at access positions at ground level or on the chassis.
NOTE Machines designed for the handling of goods which are equipped with work platforms as interchangeable
equipment are regarded as MEWPs.
1.2 This European Standard is applicable to the structural design calculations and stability criteria,
construction, safety examinations and tests before MEWPs are first put into service. It identifies the hazards
arising from the use of MEWPs and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards.
It does not cover the hazards arising from:
a) use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
b) electromagnetic incompatibility;
c) work from the platform on external live electric systems;
d) use of compressed gases for load bearing components;
e) getting on and off the work platform at changing levels;
f) specific applications (e.g. railway, ships) covered by National or local regulations.
1.3 This European Standard does not apply to:
a) machinery serving fixed landings (see e.g. EN 81-1 and EN 81-2, EN 12159);
b) fire-fighting and fire rescue appliances (see e.g. EN 1777);
c) unguided work cages suspended from lifting appliances (see e.g. EN 1808);
d) elevating operator position on rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment (see EN 528);
e) tail lifts (see EN 1756-1 and EN 1756-2);
f) mast climbing work platforms (see EN 1495);
g) fairground equipment;
h) lifting tables (see EN 1570-1);
i) aircraft ground support equipment (see e.g. EN 1915-1 and EN 1915-2);
j) elevating operator positions on industrial trucks (see EN 1726-2).
1.4 Classification:
MEWPs are divided into two main groups:
a) Group A: MEWPs where the vertical projection of the centre of the area of the platform in all platform
configurations at the maximum chassis inclination specified by the manufacturer is always
inside the tipping lines.
b) Group B: All other MEWPs.
Relating to travelling, MEWPs are divided into three types:
1) Type 1: Travelling is only allowed with the MEWP in its transport configuration;
2) Type 2: Travelling with raised work platform is controlled from a point of control at the chassis;
3) Type 3: Travelling with raised work platform is controlled from a point of control at the work
platform.
NOTE Type 2 and type 3 can be combined.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes — Safety — Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications
EN 14033-1, Railway applications — Track — Railbound construction and maintenance machines — Part 1:
Technical requirements for running
EN 14033-2:2008+A1:2011, Railway applications — Track — Railbound construction and maintenance
machines — Part 2: Technical requirements for working
EN 15746-1:2010+A1:2011, Railway applications — Track — Road-rail machines and associated equipment
— Part 1: Technical requirements for running and working
EN 15954-1:2013, Railway applications — Track — Trailers and associated equipment — Part 1: Technical
requirements for running and working
EN 15955-1:2013, Railway applications — Track — Demountable machines and associated equipment —
Part 1: Technical requirements for running and working
EN 60068-2-64, Environmental testing — Part 2-64: Tests — Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and
guidance (IEC 60068-2-64)
EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005, modified)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-2, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2)
EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850)
EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and
lower limbs (ISO 13857)
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs
and safety markings
ISO 4302, Cranes — Wind load assessment
ISO 4305, Mobile cranes — Determination of stability
ISO 4309, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following
apply.
3.1
mobile elevating work platform
MEWP
mobile machine that is intended to move persons to working positions where they are carrying out work from
the work platform with the intention that persons are getting on and off the work platform only at access
positions at ground level or on the chassis and which consists as a minimum of a work platform with controls,
an extending structure and a chassis
3.2
work platform
fenced platform or a cage which can be moved under load to the required working position and from which
erection, repair, inspection or similar work can be carried out
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.3
extending structure
structure which is connected to the chassis and supports the work platform and which allows movement of the
work platform to its required position
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: It may, for example, be a single or a telescoping or an articulating boom or ladder, or a scissors
mechanism or any combination of them, and may or may not slew on the base.
3.4
chassis
base of the MEWP, which may be pulled, pushed, self-propelled, etc.
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.5
stabilisers
devices and systems used to stabilise MEWPs by supporting and/or levelling the complete MEWP or the
extending structure, e.g. jacks, suspension locking devices, extending axles
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.6
access position
position(s) to provide access to and from the work platform
Note 1 to entry: Access position and transport configuration can be identical.
3.7
transport configuration
configuration of the MEWP prescribed by the manufacturer in which the MEWP is intended to be delivered to
the place of use
Note 1 to entry: Access position and transport configuration can be identical.
3.8
lowering
operations to move the work platform to a lower level
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.9
raising
operations to move the work platform to a higher level
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.10
rotating
circular movement of the work platform about a vertical axis
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.11
slewing
circular movement of the extending structure about a vertical axis
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.12
travelling
movements of the chassis with work platform out of transport configuration
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.13
vehicle mounted MEWP
MEWP where the chassis is a vehicle and where travelling controls are located within the cab of the vehicle
3.14
pedestrian controlled MEWP
MEWP that has the controls for powered transport located so that they are capable of being operated by a
person walking close to the MEWP
3.15
self-propelled MEWP
MEWP that has the travelling controls located at the work platform
3.16
rated load
load for which the MEWP has been designed for normal operation and which is composed of persons, tools
and material acting vertically on the work platform
Note 1 to entry: A MEWP can have more than one rated load.
3.17
load cycle
cycle starting from the access position, carrying out work and returning to the access position
3.18
wire rope drive system
system that comprises one or more wire rope(s) running on rope drums and on or over rope pulleys as well as
any associated rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys
3.19
chain drive system
system that comprises one or more chain(s) running on chain sprockets and on or over chain pulleys as well
as any associated chain sprockets, chain pulleys and compensating pulleys
3.20
type test
test on the representative model of a new design or one incorporating significant changes to an existing
design, carried out by or on behalf of the manufacturer or his authorised representative
3.21
totally manually operated MEWP
MEWP with movement powered only by manual effort
3.22
rail mounted MEWP
MEWP where travelling is guided by rails
3.23
load sensing system
system of monitoring the vertical load and vertical forces on the work platform
Note 1 to entry: See 3.2.
Note 2 to entry: The system includes the measuring device(s), the way the measuring devices are incorporated in the
machinery and the signal processing system.
3.24
moment sensing system
system of monitoring the moment acting about the tipping line tending to overturn the MEWP
Note 1 to entry: The system includes the measuring device(s), the way the measuring devices are incorporated in the
machinery and the signal processing system.
3.25
wireless control
means by which the MEWP operator’s commands are transmitted without any physical connection for at least
part of the distance between the control console and the rest of the control system
3.26
self-revealing failure or fault
failure or fault of a component where the failure or fault is apparent to the MEWP operator and can be
revealed without the use of monitoring services
Note 1 to entry: Failure or fault may be apparent to the MEWP operator through:
− changes of operating characteristics, and/or
− visual evidence, and/or
− audible evidence, and/or
− other evidence.
3.27
working envelope
space in which the work platform is designed to work within the specified loads and forces under normal
operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: MEWPS can have more than one working envelope.
3.28
exchangeable work platform
work platform according to 3.2 which is intended to be exchanged without using tools
Note 1 to entry: Such platforms may be of different sizes and/or capacities.
Note 2 to entry: Such platforms do not modify the original function of the MEWP.
Note 3 to entry: Work platforms which are interchangeable equipment intended to be fitted on machines other than
MEWPs are not covered by this definition.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Key
1 work platform (see 3.2)
2 extending structure (see 3.3)
3 chassis (see 3.4)
4 stabilisers (see 3.5)
Figure 1 — Illustration of some definitions (1)
lowering/raising (see 3.8 and 3.9)

a)
rotating (see 3.10)
b)
slewing (see 3.11)
c)
travelling (see 3.12)
d)
Figure 2 — Illustration of some definitions (2)
4 List of hazards
The hazards have been identified by the risk assessment procedure and the corresponding requirements
formulated.
A hazard which is not significant and for which, therefore, no requirements are formulated, is shown in the
Corresponding Requirements column as NS (not significant).
Table 1 — List of significant hazards
Significant hazards Relevant clauses in this
standard
1 Mechanical hazards -
1.1 Crushing hazard 5.3.1.4, 5.3.1.5, 5.3.1.15,
5.6.9, 5.7.1, 7.2.15
1.2 Shearing hazard 5.4.3, 5.7.1, 7.2.15
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard NS
1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.3.1.4, 5.3.1.15, 7.2.15
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.3.1.4, 5.3.1.15, 5.6.8, 7.2.15
1.6 Impact hazard 5.3.1.5, 5.3.1.7, 5.3.1.10,
5.3.1.17, 7.1.1.2 h)
1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard NS
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 7.1.1.7 e)
1.9 High pressure fluid injection hazard 5.9.1, 5.9.2, 5.9.3, 5.9.4, 5.9.5,
5.9.10
1.10 Ejection of parts NS
1.11 Loss of stability (of machinery and machine parts) 5.2, 5.3.1.2, 5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.2,
7.2.1 k)
1.12 Slip, trip and fall hazards 5.6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.6.5, 5.6.6,
5.6.7, 7.2.15
2 Electrical hazards, caused for example by: -
2.1 Electrical contact (direct or indirect) 5.8, 7.1.1.2 g)
2.2 Electrostatic phenomena NS
2.3 Thermal radiation NS
2.4 External influences on electrical equipment 5.8.1
3 Thermal hazards for example resulting in: -
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of persons 5.3.1.12
with objects or materials with an extreme high or low temperature,
by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources
3.2 Health-damaging effects by hot or cold work environment 5.3.1.12
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting for example in: -
4.1 Hearing losses (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. loss 7.1.1.2 v)
of balance, loss of awareness etc.)
4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. 7.1.1.2 v)

Table 1 — List of significant hazards (continued)
Significant hazards Relevant clauses in this
standard
5 Hazards generated by vibration (resulting in a variety of 5.3.1.16, 7.1.1.2 l)
neurological and vascular disorders)
6 Hazards generated by radiation, especially by: -
6.1 Electrical arcs 7.1.1.2 g)
6.2 Lasers NS
6.3 Ionising radiation sources NS
6.4 Machine making use of high frequency electromagnetic fields 5.8.1
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, -
used or exhausted by machinery for example:
7.1 Hazards resulting from contact with or inhalation of harmful 5.3.1.13, 5.3.1.17
fluids, gases, mists, dusts and fumes
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.3.1.14
7.3 Biological and microbiological (viral or bacterial) hazards NS
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in -
machine design (mismatch of machinery with human
characteristics and abilities) caused for example by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.6.6, 5.6.7
8.2 Inadequate consideration of human hand-arm or foot-leg NS
anatomy
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment NS
8.4 Inadequate area lighting NS
8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress, etc. NS
8.6 Human error 5.7.1, 5.7.3
9 Hazard combinations -
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down of -
machinery parts, and other functional disorders, for example:
10.1 Failure of energy supply (of energy and/or control circuits) 5.3.1.6, 5.7.6, 5.7.7, 5.7.8,
5.9.6, 5.9.7, 5.9.8, 5.9.9,
5.11.3
10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids NS
10.3 Failure/malfunction of control system 5.3.1.19, 5.7.7
10.4 Errors of fitting 5.8.1, 5.9.11
10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 5.2, 5.3.1.2, 5.3.2.1.2,
5.3.2.1.4, 5.3.2.2.1, 5.3.2.2.2,
5.3.2.2.3, 5.3.2.3, 7.2.1 k)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards (continued)
Significant hazards Relevant clauses in this
standard
11 Hazards caused by (temporary) missing and/or incorrectly
positioned safety-related measures/means, for example:
11.1 All kinds of guard 5.3.1.12
11.2 All kinds of safety related (protection) devices 5.3.2.1.4, 5.11
11.3 Starting and stopping devices 5.3.1.1, 5.4.4, 5.5.2.7, 5.5.3.7,
5.5.5.2, 5.6.3, 5.7.1, 5.7.2,
5.7.4, 5.7.5, 5.7.7, 5.7.8, 5.11
11.4 Safety signs and signals 5.3.1.2, 5.4.1, 5.4.3, 5.6.10,
5.7.3, 5.9.10
11.5 All kinds of information or warning devices 5.3.1.2, 5.3.1.7, 5.6.11,
7.1.1.2 c), 7.2
11.6 Energy supply disconnecting devices 5.3.1.19
11.7 Emergency devices 5.7.5
11.8 Feeding/removal means of work pieces NS
11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjusting and/or 5.4.4, 5.9.1, 7.1.1.7 d),
maintaining 7.1.1.7 i)
11.10 Equipment evacuating gases, etc. 5.3.1.13
12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working area NS
13 Hazards due to sudden movement/instability during handling 5.1.2, 5.2, 5.3.1.2, 5.3.1.3,
5.3.2.1.5, 5.3.2.1.6, 5.3.2.2.1,
5.3.2.2.2, 5.3.2.3, 5.6.1, 5.7.1,
5.7.4, 5.7.5, 5.7.10
14 Inadequate/inergonomic design of driving/operating position 5.6.9
14.1 Hazards due to dangerous environments (contact with moving 5.3.1.12, 5.3.1.13
parts, exhaust gases, etc.)
14.2 Inadequate visibility from driver's/operator's position 5.3.1.15, 5.3.2.1.1
14.3 Inadequate seat/seating (seat index point) 5.3.1.16
14.4 Inadequate/non-ergonomic design/positioning of controls 5.6.9
14.5 Starting/moving of self-propelled machinery 5.3.1.7, 5.3.1.8, 5.3.1.9,
5.3.1.10, 5.3.1.11, 5.3.1.15,
5.7.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4
14.6 Road traffic of self-propelled machinery 5.3.1.6, 5.3.1.9, 5.3.1.10
14.7 Movement of pedestrian controlled machinery 5.3.1.11, 5.7.2
15 Mechanical hazards -
15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement 5.4.2, 5.4.4, 5.7.1
15.2 Hazards due to break-up and/or ejection of parts NS
15.3 Hazards due to rolling over (ROPs) NS
15.4 Hazards due to falling objects (FOPs) NS
Table 1 — List of significant hazards (continued)
Significant hazards Relevant clauses in this
standard
15.5 Inadequate means of access 5.6.6, 5.6.7
15.6 Hazards caused due to towing, coupling, connecting, NS
transmission
15.7 Hazards due to batteries, fire, emissions etc. 5.3.1.13, 5.3.1.14, 5.3.1.17
16 Hazards due to lifting operation -
16.1 Lack of stability 5.2, 5.3.1.2, 5.3.2.1.2,
5.3.2.1.4, 5.3.2.1.5, 5.3.2.1.6,
5.3.2.2.1, 5.3.2.2.2, 5.3.2.2.3,
5.3.2.3, 5.4.1, 7.2.1 k)
16.2 Derailment of machinery 5.3.1.18
16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting 5.2.5, 5.4.1, 5.4.6, 5.6.13,
accessories 7.1.1.3 a), 7.1.1.3 b)
16.4 Uncontrolled movements 5.3.1.3, 5.3.1.4, 5.3.1.5, 5.4,
5.5, 5.6.1
17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts 5.3.1.15
18 Hazards caused by lightning NS
19 Hazards due to loading/overloading 5.4.1
20 Hazards due to lifting persons -
20.1 Mechanical strength 5.5.2, 5.5.3
20.2 Loading control 5.4.1
21 Controls -
21.1 Movement of work platform 5.4, 5.6.1, 5.7.1, 5.7.4, 5.7.5,
5.7.10, Annex C
21.2 Safe travel control 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.4, 5.7.5
21.3 Safe speed control 5.3.1.1, 5.3.1.9, 5.3.1.10,
5.3.1.11, 5.4.5
22 Falling of persons -
22.1 Personal protective equipment 5.6.2, 5.6.14
22.2 Trapdoors 5.6.8
22.3 Work platform tilt control 5.6.1
23 Work platform falling/overturning -
23.1 Falling/overturning 5.2, 5.3.1.2, 5.3.1.3, 5.3.2,
5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.6.12, 5.9, 5.10
23.2 Acceleration/braking 5.3.1.6, 5.3.1.10, 5.4.5, 5.5.1.6
24 Markings 7.2
25 Hazards of trapping, shearing or crushing generated by the 5.7.8, 5.7.9
triggering of safety devices that cause the stopping of the
machine’s movements
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
5.1.1 Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not
significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.
5.1.2 Totally manually operated MEWPs having a height of the floor of the work platform above ground
level not exceeding 5 m (see 7.2.17) are exempted from all safety requirements which cannot be met without
power supply.
5.2 Structural and stability calculations
5.2.1 General
It is the manufacturer's responsibility:
a) for structural calculations, to evaluate the individual loads and forces in their positions, directions and
combinations producing the most unfavourable stresses in the components, and
b) for stability calculations, to identify the various positions of the MEWP and combinations of loads and
forces creating together conditions of minimum stability.
5.2.2 Loads and forces
The following loads and forces shall be taken into account:
a) rated load (see 5.2.3.1);
b) structural loads (see 5.2.3.2);
c) wind loads (see 5.2.3.3);
d) manual forces (see 5.2.3.4);
e) special loads and forces (see 5.2.3.5).
5.2.3 Determination of loads and forces
5.2.3.1 Rated load
The rated load m is:
m=n⋅m +m (1)
p e
where
m is 80 kg (mass of a person)
p
m is ≥ 40 kg (minimum mass of tools and material)
e
n is the permitted number of persons on the work platform
The mass of each person is assumed to act as a point load on the work platform and any platform extension
at a horizontal distance of 0,1 m from the upper inside edge of the top rail. The distance between the point
loads shall be 0,5 m (see Figure 3 as an example).
The mass of equipment is assumed to act as an evenly distributed load on 25 % of the floor of the work
platform. If the resulting pressure exceeds 3 kN/m the figure of 25 % may be increased to a figure giving a
pressure of 3 kN/m (see Figure 4 as an example).
All these loads are assumed to be located in the positions giving the most severe results.
The above rated load refers to the maximum people and materials loads that can be placed on the deck
including any extension. Lower rated loads can be specified for extension(s) and under these circumstances
the load distributions specified in 6.1.4.2.1, 6.1.4.2.2 and 6.1.4.3 will need to be taken into account.

Key
1 tipping line
Figure 3 — Rated load – persons Figure 4 — Rated load – equipment

5.2.3.2 Structural loads
The masses of the components of the MEWP when they are not moving shall be taken to be static structural
loads.
The masses of the components of the MEWP when they are moving shall be taken to be dynamic structural
loads.
5.2.3.3 Wind loads
5.2.3.3.1 All MEWPs used out-of-doors are regarded as being affected by wind at a pressure of 100 N/m ,
equivalent to a wind speed of 12,5 m/s (Beaufort Scale 6).
Wind forces are assumed to act horizontally at the centre of area of the parts of the MEWP and persons and
equipment on the work platform and shall be taken to be dynamic forces.
This does not apply to MEWPs intended for indoor use only (see 7.2.7).
5.2.3.3.2 Shape factors applied to areas exposed to wind:
a) L-, U-, T-, I-sections: 1,6;
b) box sections: 1,4;
c) large flat areas: 1,2;
d) circular sections, according to size: 0,8/1,2;
e) persons directly exposed: 1,0.
If additional information is needed, especially concerning shielded structural areas, see ISO 4302. For
shielded persons see 5.2.3.3.3.4.
5.2.3.3.3 Area of persons on a work platform exposed to wind:
5.2.3.3.3.1 The full area of one person shall be 0,7 m (0,4 m average width × 1,75 m height) with the
centre of area 1,0 m above the work platform floor.
5.2.3.3.3.2 The exposed area of one person standing on a work platform behind an imperforate section
of fencing 1,1 m high shall be 0,35 m with the centre of area 1,45 m above the work platform floor.
5.2.3.3.3.3 The number of persons directly exposed to the wind shall be calculated as:
a) the length of the side of the work platform exposed to the wind, rounded to the nearest 0,5 m, and divided
by 0,5 m, or
b) the number of persons allowed on the work platform if less than the number calculated in a).
5.2.3.3.3.4 If the number of persons allowed on the work platform is greater than in 5.2.3.3.3.3 a) a
shape factor of 0,6 shall be applied to the extra number of persons.
5.2.3.3.4 The wind force on exposed tools and materials on the work platform shall be calculated as 3 % of
their mass, acting horizontally at a height of 0,5 m above the work platform floor.
5.2.3.4 Manual force
The minimum value for the manual force M shall be taken as 200 N for MEWPs designed to carry only one
person and 400 N
...