CEN/TR 16748:2014
(Main)Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys for high pressure, low pressure and gravity die casting
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys for high pressure, low pressure and gravity die casting
This Technical Report presents the characteristics of reference dies and reference castings, to be used for evaluating the mechanical potential (in terms of Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Elongation) which can be expected by Al-Si based alloys, cast by high pressure, low pressure and gravity (permanent mould) processes. These properties are measured on separately cast test specimens produced with state-of-the-art knowledge on die design, process management and alloy treatments correctly applied to minimize defects and imperfections.
Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Potential der mechanischen Eigenschaften von AlSi-Legierungen für Druckguss, Niederdruckguss und Schwerkraftkokillenguss
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Potentiel mécanique des alliages Al-Si coulés sous pression et dans des moules permanents pour moulage par gravité et basse pression
Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine - Mehanska kapaciteta zlitin Al-Si za visokotlačne, nizkotlačne in težnostno kokilno ulite ulitke
To tehnično poročilo predstavlja značilnosti referenčnih kokil in referenčnih ulitkov, ki se uporabljajo za ocenjevanje mehanske kapacitete (v smislu natezne trdnosti, prožnosti in razteznosti), ki se lahko pričakuje od zlitin Al-Si za visokotlačne, nizkotlačne in težnostno (kalup) ulite ulitke. Te lastnosti se izmerijo na preskusnih vzorcih, izdelanih z najsodobnejšimi postopki na področju izdelave kokil, vodenja postopkov in obdelave zlitin, ki ob ustrezni uporabi zmanjšajo napake in nepravilnosti.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
01-september-2014
$OXPLQLMLQDOXPLQLMHYH]OLWLQH0HKDQVNDNDSDFLWHWD$O6L]OLWLQ]DYLVRNRWODþQH
QL]NRWODþQHLQWHåQRVWQRNRNLOQRXOLWHXOLWNH
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys for high Pressure,
low pressure and gravity die casting
Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Potential der mechanischen Eigenschaften von
AlSi-Legierungen für Druckguss, Niederdruckguss und Schwerkraftkokillenguss
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Potentiel mécanique des alliages Al-Si coulés sous
pression et dans des moules permanents pour moulage par gravité et basse pression
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 16748
ICS:
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
TECHNICAL REPORT
FINAL DRAFT
FprCEN/TR 16748
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2014
ICS 77.120.10
English Version
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Mechanical potential of Al-Si
alloys for high Pressure, low pressure and gravity die casting
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Potentiel mécanique
des alliages Al-Si coulés sous pression et dans des moules
permanents pour moulage par gravité et basse pression
This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 132.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Reference dies . 5
4.1 Reference dies for high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys . 5
4.1.1 HPDC reference die #1 . 5
4.1.2 HPDC reference die #2 . 6
4.2 Reference dies for low pressure and gravity die cast Al-Si alloys . 7
4.2.1 Gravity casting Reference die #1 . 7
4.2.2 Gravity casting Reference die #2 . 7
4.2.3 Gravity casting Reference die #3 . 8
4.2.4 LPDC reference die . 8
5 Definition of mechanical potential of Al-Si die cast alloys . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Tensile tests . 9
5.3 Test pieces . 9
5.4 Rounding rules for determination of compliance . 12
5.5 Mechanical potential . 12
Annex A (informative) Mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys for high pressure and gravity die
casting: Examples of reference dies and castings . 13
A.1 High pressure die casting . 13
A.1.1 Reference casting #1 [1] . 13
A.1.2 Reference casting #2 [3] . 17
A.2 Gravity die casting . 18
A.2.1 Reference gravity casting #3 [4-5] . 18
Bibliography . 21
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
Foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 16748:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 132
“Aluminium and aluminium alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the Technical Committee Approval.
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Report presents the characteristics of reference dies and reference castings, to be used for
evaluating the mechanical potential (in terms of Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Elongation)
which can be expected by Al-Si alloys, cast by high pressure, low pressure and gravity (permanent mould)
processes. These properties are measured on test specimens produced with state-of-the-art knowledge on
die design, process management and alloy treatments correctly applied to minimize defects and
imperfections.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1559-1, Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 1: General
EN 1559-4, Founding — Technical conditions of delivery — Part 4: Additional requirements for aluminium
alloy castings
EN 1676, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Alloyed ingots for remelting — Specifications
EN 1706, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Castings — Chemical composition and mechanical properties
EN 12258-1:2012, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Terms and definitions — Part 1: General terms
EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO
6892-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12258-1:2012 and the following
apply.
3.1
casting process
process in which molten metal is introduced into a mould where it solidifies
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.1]
3.2
die casting process
casting process in which molten metal is injected under substantial pressure, typically above 70 bars, into a
metal die and solidifies under this pressure
Note 1 to entry: Die casting process is also referred to as “pressure die casting (process)” or “high pressure die
casting (process)”.
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.10]
3.3
permanent mould casting process
casting process in which molten metal is introduced by gravity or low pressure into a mould constructed of
durable material, typically iron or steel
Note 1 to entry: A permanent mould casting process where the metal solidifies in a metal mould under low pressure
(typically less than 1 bar above atmospheric pressure) is also referred to as a “low pressure die casting process”.
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.9]
3.4
casting
product at or near finished shape, formed by solidification of the metal in a mould or a die
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 2.5.1]
3.5
microstructure
structure of a metal as revealed by microscopic examination of a surface, typically after mechanical and/or
chemical preparation, e.g. polishing and micro-etching
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 4.5.10]
3.6
defect
quality characteristic is lower with respect to the level or state foreseen (usually specified); it does not allow
the product to carry out the function requested
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 7.1.2]
3.7
imperfection
quality characteristic is for a some extent lower with respect to the level or state foreseen
Note 1 to entry: This does not mean necessarily that the product is not suitable for use. An imperfection needs to be
evaluated by means of a proper scale, based on the related specifications, to decide if the product has a quality level
making it suitable for the use.
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 7.1.1]
3.8
mechanical potential
tensile properties ((in terms of Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Elongation) which can be
expected by Al-Si alloys, cast in reference dies with state-of-the-art knowledge on die design, process
management and alloy treatments correctly applied to minimize defects and imperfections
3.9
reference die
permanent die, designed according state-of-the-art methodologies and made of steel or of cast iron, suitable
for the evaluation of mechanical potential of Al-Si cast alloys; the geometry of reference dies varies, in
dependence of which process is applied (High Pressure, Low Pressure and Gravity Casting)
3.10
reference casting
casting produced using the reference die
4 Reference dies
4.1 Reference dies for high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys
4.1.1 HPDC reference die #1
The mechanical potential of high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die
designed, built and tested in the frame of NADIA Project (New Automotive components Designed for and
manufactured by Intelligent processing of light Alloys, EU IPs-SMEs, Contract n. 026563-2, 2006-2010). The
reference casting is also suitable for other kinds of characterizations.
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
Figure 1 shows the configuration of the HPDC reference casting #1.
Figure 1 — HPDC Reference casting #1
4.1.2 HPDC reference die #2
The mechanical potential of high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die,
designed, built and tested by HYDRO in cooperation with NTNU (University of Trondheim).
Figure 2 shows the configuration of the HPDC reference casting #2.
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
Figure 2 — HPDC Reference casting #2
4.2 Reference dies for low pressure and gravity die cast Al-Si alloys
4.2.1 Gravity casting Reference die #1
The mechanical potential of gravity die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the Gravity casting Reference
die #1, whose details are given in Ref. [1].
Figure 3 shows the configuration of Gravity casting Reference die #1.
Figure 3 — Gravity casting reference die #1
4.2.2 Gravity casting Reference die #2
The mechanical potential of gravity die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the Gravity casting Reference
die #2, whose details are given in Ref. [1].
Figure 4 shows the configuration of Gravity casting Reference die #2.
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
Figure 4 — Gravity casting Reference die #2
4.2.3 Gravity casting Reference die #3
The mechanical potential of gravity die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die designed, built
and tested by NTNU (University of Trondheim) in cooperation with SINTEF (Norway).
Figure 5 shows the configuration of the reference casting obtained Gravity casting Reference die #3.
Figure 5 — Reference gravity casting #3
4.2.4 LPDC reference die
The mechanical potential of low pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die
designed, built and tested by NTNU (University of Trondheim) in cooperation with SINTEF (Norway).
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16748:2014
FprCEN/TR 16748:2014 (E)
Figure 6 shows the configuration of this reference casting.
Figure 6 — LPDC Reference casting
5 Definition of mechanical potential of Al-Si die cast alloys
5.1 General
The mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys shall be evaluated by means of tensile tests performed on
specimens cast using the reference dies described in Clause 4. Further information on Reference dies and
castings are collected in Annex A. The mechanical properties collected in EN 1706 are referred to minimum
values.
Unless otherwise specified in
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2015
$OXPLQLMLQDOXPLQLMHYH]OLWLQH0HKDQVNDNDSDFLWHWD]OLWLQ$O6L]DYLVRNRWODþQH
QL]NRWODþQHLQWHåQRVWQRNRNLOQRXOLWHXOLWNH
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys for high Pressure,
low pressure and gravity die casting
Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Potential der mechanischen Eigenschaften von
AlSi-Legierungen für Druckguss, Niederdruckguss und Schwerkraftkokillenguss
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Potentiel mécanique des alliages Al-Si coulés sous
pression et dans des moules permanents pour moulage par gravité et basse pression
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16748:2014
ICS:
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16748
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
December 2014
ICS 77.120.10
English Version
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Mechanical potential of Al-Si
alloys for high pressure, low pressure and gravity die casting
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Potentiel mécanique Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Potential der
des alliages Al-Si coulés sous pression et dans des moules mechanischen Eigenschaften von AlSi-Legierungen für
permanents pour moulage par gravité et basse pression Druckguss, Niederdruckguss und Schwerkraftkokillenguss
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 September 2014. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 132.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16748:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Reference dies . 5
4.1 Reference dies for high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys . 5
4.1.1 HPDC reference die #1 . 5
4.1.2 HPDC reference die #2 . 7
4.2 Reference dies for low pressure and gravity die cast Al-Si alloys . 8
4.2.1 Gravity casting Reference die #1 . 8
4.2.2 Gravity casting Reference die #2 . 9
4.2.3 Gravity casting Reference die #3 . 9
4.2.4 LPDC reference die . 10
5 Definition of mechanical potential of Al-Si die cast alloys . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Tensile tests . 11
5.3 Test pieces . 11
5.4 Rounding rules for determination of compliance . 14
5.5 Mechanical potential . 14
Annex A (informative) Mechanical potential of Al-Si based alloys for high pressure and gravity die
casting: Examples of reference dies and castings . 15
A.1 High pressure die casting . 15
A.1.1 Reference casting #1 [1] . 15
A.1.2 Reference casting #2 [3] . 18
A.2 Gravity die casting . 19
Reference gravity casting #3 [4-5] . 19
Bibliography . 21
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16748:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium
and aluminium alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
1 Scope
This Technical Report presents the characteristics of reference dies and reference castings, to be used for
evaluating the mechanical potential (in terms of Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Elongation)
which can be expected by Al-Si based alloys, cast by high pressure, low pressure and gravity (permanent
mould) processes. These properties are measured on separately cast test specimens produced with state-of-
the-art knowledge on die design, process management and alloy treatments correctly applied to minimize
defects and imperfections.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1559-1, Founding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 1: General
EN 1559-4, Founding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 4: Additional requirements for aluminium alloy
castings
EN 1676, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Alloyed ingots for remelting - Specifications
EN 1706, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Castings - Chemical composition and mechanical properties
EN 12258-1:2012, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Terms and definitions - Part 1: General terms
EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12258-1:2012 and the following
apply.
3.1
casting process
process in which molten metal is introduced into a mould where it solidifies
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.1]
3.2
die casting process
casting process in which molten metal is injected under substantial pressure, typically above 7 MPa, into a
metal die and solidifies under this pressure
Note 1 to entry: Die casting process is also referred to as “pressure die casting (process)” or “high pressure die
casting (process)”.
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.10]
3.3
permanent mould casting process
casting process in which molten metal is introduced by gravity or low pressure into a mould constructed of
durable material, typically iron or steel
Note 1 to entry: A permanent mould casting process where the metal solidifies in a metal mould under low pressure
(typically less than 1 bar above atmospheric pressure) is also referred to as a “low pressure die casting process”.
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.9]
3.4
casting
product at or near finished shape, formed by solidification of the metal in a mould or a die
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 2.5.1]
3.5
microstructure
structure of a metal as revealed by microscopic examination of a surface, typically after mechanical and/or
chemical preparation, e.g. polishing and micro-etching
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 4.5.10]
3.6
defect
quality characteristic is lower with respect to the level or state foreseen (usually specified); it does not allow
the product to carry out the function requested
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 7.1.2]
3.7
imperfection
quality characteristic is for a some extent lower with respect to the level or state foreseen
Note 1 to entry: This does not mean necessarily that the product is not suitable for use. An imperfection needs to be
evaluated by means of a proper scale, based on the related specifications, to decide if the product has a quality level
making it suitable for use.
[SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 7.1.1]
3.8
mechanical potential
tensile properties (in terms of Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Elongation) which can be
expected by Al-Si based alloys, separately cast in reference dies with state-of-the-art knowledge on die
design, process management and alloy treatments correctly applied to minimize defects and imperfections;
the mechanical potential can be higher than the mechanical properties evaluated on test pieces taken from
real castings
3.9
reference die
permanent die, designed according state-of-the-art methodologies and made of steel or of cast iron, suitable
for the evaluation of mechanical potential of Al-Si cast alloys; the geometry of reference dies varies, in
dependence of which process is applied (High Pressure, Low Pressure and Gravity Casting)
3.10
reference casting
casting produced using the reference die
4 Reference dies
4.1 Reference dies for high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys
4.1.1 HPDC reference die #1
The mechanical potential of high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die
designed, built and tested in the frame of NADIA Project (New Automotive components Designed for and
manufactured by Intelligent processing of light Alloys, EU IPs-SMEs, Contract n. 026563-2, 2006-2010). The
reference casting is also suitable for other kinds of characterizations.
Figure 1 a) and b) shows the configuration of the HPDC reference casting #1.
a) HPDC Reference casting #1 (general drawing)
b) HPDC Reference casting #1 (detailed drawing)
Figure 1
4.1.2 HPDC reference die #2
The mechanical potential of high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die,
designed, built and tested by HYDRO in cooperation with NTNU (University of Trondheim).
Figure 2 shows the configuration of the HPDC reference casting #2.
Figure 2 — HPDC Reference casting #2
4.2 Reference dies for low pressure and gravity die cast Al-Si alloys
4.2.1 Gravity casting Reference die #1
The mechanical potential of gravity die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the Gravity casting Reference die
#1, whose details are given in Ref. [1].
Figure 3 shows the configuration of Gravity casting Reference die #1.
Figure 3 — Gravity casting reference die #1
4.2.2 Gravity casting Reference die #2
The mechanical potential of gravity die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the Gravity casting Reference die
#2, whose details are given in Ref. [1].
Figure 4 shows the configuration of Gravity casting Reference die #2.
Figure 4 — Gravity casting Reference die #2
4.2.3 Gravity casting Reference die #3
The mechanical potential of gravity die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die designed, built
and tested by NTNU (University of Trondheim) in cooperation with SINTEF (Norway).
Figure 5 shows the configuration of the reference casting obtained Gravity casting Reference die #3.
Figure 5 — Reference gravity casting #3
4.2.4 LPDC reference die
The mechanical potential of low pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die designed,
built and tested by NTNU (University of Trondheim) in cooperation with SINTEF (Norway).
Figure 6 shows the configuration of this reference casting.
Figure 6 — LPDC Reference casting
5 Definition of mechanical potential of Al-Si die cast alloys
5.1 General
The mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys shall be evaluated by means of tensile tests performed on specimens
cast using the
...
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