EN ISO 15535:2003
(Main)General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases (ISO 15535:2003)
General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases (ISO 15535:2003)
The European Standard establishes an anthropometric database for all age groups to be used as the basis for the design of work equipment, workplaces and workstations at machinery.
Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Einrichtung anthropometrischer Datenbanken (ISO 15535:2003)
Diese Internationale Norm legt allgemeine Anforderungen an anthropometrische Datenbanken und die dazugehörigen Berichte fest, in denen nach ISO 7250 vorgenommene Messungen enthalten sind. Sie liefert notwendige Angaben, wie Merkmale der Nutzer-Bevölkerung, Verfahren der Stichprobenziehung, Maßdefinitionen und statistische Verfahren, um einen internationalen Vergleich zwischen unterschiedlichen Bevölkerungsgruppen zu ermöglichen. Die in dieser Internationalen Norm festgelegten Bevölkerungsgruppen sind Menschen, die in der Lage sind, die in ISO 7250 festgelegten Körperhaltungen einzunehmen.
ANMERKUNG Die in ISO 7250 definierte traditionelle Anthropometrie ist als eine notwendige Voraussetzung und Ergänzung der in einigen Ländern entwickelten dreidimensionalen Verfahren zu betrachten. Es ist wichtig, dass die erfassten Daten nach den in ISO 7250 gegebenen Begriffe verifiziert werden. Eine auf dem neuesten Stand der Technik befindliche Software ermöglicht eine Einbeziehung der traditionellen anthropometrischen Maße in diejenigen, die mit dreidimensionaler Darstellung erzielt wurden.
Exigences générales pour la création de bases de données anthropométriques (ISO 15535:2003)
Splošne zahteve za pripravo podatkovnih baz (ISO 15535:2003)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
01-junij-2004
Splošne zahteve za pripravo podatkovnih baz (ISO 15535:2003)
General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases (ISO 15535:2003)
Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Einrichtung anthropometrischer Datenbanken (ISO
15535:2003)
Exigences générales pour la création de bases de données anthropométriques (ISO
15535:2003)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15535:2003
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST EN ISO 15535:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 15535
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2003
ICS 13.180
English version
General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases
(ISO 15535:2003)
Exigences générales pour la création de bases de données Allegemeine Anforderungen an die Einrichtung
anthropométriques (ISO 15535:2003) anthropometrischer Datenbanken (ISO 15535:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 April 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15535:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
EN ISO 15535:2003 (E)
CORRECTED 2003-07-16
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 15535:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2003, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2003.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15535:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15535:2003 without any
modifications.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).
2
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
EN ISO 15535:2003 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated
by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year
ISO 3166-1 1997 Codes for the representation of names EN ISO 3166-1 1997
of countries and their subdivisions -
Part 1: Country codes
ISO 7250 1996 Basic human body measurements for EN ISO 7250 1997
technological design
ISO 8601 1988 Data elements and interchange EN 28601 1992
formats - Information interchange -
Representation of dates and times
3
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15535
First edition
2003-05-01
General requirements for establishing
anthropometric databases
Exigences générales pour la création de bases de données
anthropométriques
Reference number
ISO 15535:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
ISO 15535:2003(E)
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
ISO 15535:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Data collection design. 2
4.1 General. 2
4.2 Definitions, techniques and conditions of measurement. 2
4.3 Sampling techniques . 3
5 Data-collection requirements. 3
5.1 Basic demographic description of subjects . 3
5.2 Detection and treatment of measurement errors . 3
5.3 Instrument accuracy. 3
5.4 Sample composition . 3
5.5 Sample size. 3
5.6 Data-storage system. 4
5.7 Type of clothing . 4
5.8 Measurer training and quality control. 4
5.9 Diurnal variation. 4
6 Database format . 4
7 Database contents . 5
7.1 Required background data. 5
7.2 Recommended background data . 5
7.3 Anthropometric data. 5
7.4 Complementary data. 5
8 Anthropometric data sheets . 5
9 Statistical processing. 5
Annex A (normative) Method for estimating the number of subjects needed on a sample . 7
Annex B (normative) Anthropometric data sheet . 10
Annex C (informative) Example of an anthropometric data sheet. 12
Annex D (informative) Method of calculating decimal notation date and age . 13
Annex E (normative) Age stratification at specified growth period. 15
Annex F (normative) Procedure for preparing data and statistics. 16
Annex G (informative) Recommended scientific and technical objectives for setting up
internationally compatible databases. 18
Annex H (informative) Application of measurements. 19
Bibliography . 20
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
ISO 15535:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15535 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
ISO 15535:2003(E)
Introduction
The well-being of people is very much dependent on their proportional and geometric relationship with several
factors, such as growth, design principles for clothing, transportation, workplace and homes, as well as
sporting and recreational activities. Implementation of databases on body dimensions of a population supports
essential health and safety requirements, International Standards in the field of machinery safety and personal
protective equipment, and has acquired importance in devising computer-generated manikins of the human
body.
One of the major difficulties in formulating international databases on anthropometry is that the numerous
existing studies of peoples are rarely comparable in the strictest sense. Difficulties arise in comparing one
study with another because either the methods used differ or they are not sufficiently well described. The
anthropometric standards used for the data collection are fundamental to setting up any anthropometric
databases.
This International Standard is used in close conjunction with ISO 7250. The ultimate goal is that a database
developed by one researcher would be easily used by other researchers. This would be in a form that is
readily accessible by those responsible for developing standards in support of good design and health and
safety requirements (e.g. ISO 15534 and ISO 14738). To achieve this goal, it has been necessary to develop
an appropriate International Standard to ensure that anthropometric databases and their associated reports
are internationally compatible.
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
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SIST EN ISO 15535:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15535:2003(E)
General requirements for establishing anthropometric
databases
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies general requirements for anthropometric databases and their associated
reports that contain measurements taken in accordance with ISO 7250.
It provides necessary information, such as characteristics of the user population, sampling methods,
measurement items and statistics, to make international comparison possible among various population
segments. The population segments specified in this International Standard are people who are able to hold
the postures specified in ISO 7250.
NOTE The traditional anthropometry defined in ISO 7250 is considered to be a necessary complement to 3D
methods which are developing in some countries. It is important that scanned data are verified according to the definitions
given in ISO 7250. State-of-the-art software allows integration of traditional anthropometric measures with those obtained
by 3D imaging.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3166-1:1997, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1:
Country codes
ISO 7250:1996, Basic human body measurements for technological design
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and
times
ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1:
Latin alphabet No. 1
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
population segments
groups of people having some common biological or cultural heritage, environment or activity
3.2
user population
population segment or segments for whom a technological design is intended
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3.3
random sample
sample established by following a set of procedures to ensure that each and every individual in the population
has an equal chance of being selected
3.4
stratified sample
sample established by a procedure in which the population is divided into sub-populations (strata), each one
of which contributes with a specified number of randomly selected individuals
3.5
demographic data
background information (such as age, sex, race or ethnicity, nationality, occupation and education) used to
describe members of user populations
3.6
anthropometry
study and measurement of the physical dimensions and mass of the human body and its constituent (external)
parts
NOTE Taken from the Greek word anthropos (human being or Man) and metron, to measure.
3.7
anthropometric data
dimensional measurements (such as heights, lengths, depths, breadths and circumferences) of the human
body and its component parts
3.8
anthropometric database
collection of individual body measurements (anthropometric data) and background information (demographic
data) recorded on a group of people (the sample)
3.9
anthropometric report
technical report describing the origin, contents, methods, and statistical characteristics of an anthropometric
database
4 Data collection design
4.1 General
The following methods shall be used in assembling internationally compatible anthropometric databases.
4.2 Definitions, techniques and conditions of measurement
4.2.1 The measuring methods in ISO 7250 shall be used. Any deviation from this shall be indicated in the
anthropometric report. It is anticipated that other items than those specified by ISO 7250 will be measured
according to the purpose of the investigation. In such cases, definitions, methods, instruments and
measurement units shall be clearly indicated in the report.
4.2.2 When a measurement can be taken on both the left and right sides of the human body, the report
shall clearly indicate on which side the measurement is taken.
4.2.3 Photographs or detailed sketches of the measurements taken should be provided and the
measurement procedures should be documented.
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ISO 15535:2003(E)
4.2.4 The subject shall be nude or wear minimal clothing, shall be bareheaded and without shoes. The type
of clothing, if relevant, shall be coded on the anthropometric data sheet.
4.2.5 The measurement conditions shall be documented together with the numerical results of any survey.
4.3 Sampling techniques
4.3.1 The demographic characteristics of the population, such as nationality, ethnic group and occupation,
shall be indicated as clearly as possible in the report. In the event that the population is divided into several
subgroups, e.g. exam location and dwelling location for either sampling or statistical reporting, this shall be
stated in the report.
4.3.2 It is desirable that random or stratified random sampling methods be used. However, if this is
impossible, the report shall indicate which sampling method is used.
4.3.3 It is desirable to establish the number of subjects needed for a database by using a statistical power
formula based on the accuracy of results desired by the investigator (see Annex A). However, in reality, the
selection of subjects is often influenced by various factors, such as population size, number of people who
agree to participate, and cost and period of time required for the investigation.
5 Data-collection requirements
5.1 Basic demographic description of subjects
Biographic questionnaires shall be filled out to provide information that includes date of birth, date of
examination (decimal years), sex, ethnic identity, occupation, geographical location and dwelling area (rural or
urban).
5.2 Detection and treatment of measurement errors
The editing of obvious anomalies during data collection should be carried out by, for example, computer
software specifically written for the purpose of detecting figures that lie outside any reasonable range of data
given for that dimension (see Annex F).
5.3 Instrument accuracy
Anthropometric instruments for taking linear and circumferential measures shall measure to the nearest 1 mm.
Instruments for measuring body mass shall weigh to the nearest 500 g.
5.4 Sample composition
The following shall always be taken into account during planning of data collection:
age;
sex.
5.5 Sample size
The sample size shall be sufficient to estimate the value of the given measurement in a specified group. For
example, the sample size should be sufficient to estimate the true population mean of stature within ± 10 mm
for women who are 30 to 34 years old.
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ISO 15535:2003(E)
Where appropriate, the following should also be taken into account:
race and/or ethnicity;
geographical regions of the country;
socio-economic/occupation status;
mix of rural and urban populations.
5.6 Data-storage system
All biographical and subject data should be recorded on digital media compatible with widespread digital
systems, whenever possible.
5.7 Type of clothing
The type of clothing shall be coded and identified (e.g. nude = 0, underwear = 1, light clothing = 2, other
clothing as specified = 3) for analysis purposes.
5.8 Measurer training and quality control
Frequent and regular measurer training and quality control shall be carried out by persons experienced in
anthropometry, to ensure acceptable standards of accuracy. Repeated measurement data should be recorded.
Inter- and intra-measurer standard error of measurement, or mean absolute difference, shall be calculated
and recorded for all anthropometric variables, in order that random checks can be carried out on the
measuring teams during the survey.
5.9 Diurnal variation
Diurnal variation occurs as a result of gravitational effects which apply to reduce stature during the normal
course of a day. The time of measurement should be recorded.
6 Database format
6.1 The ASCII code, according to ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998, shall be used.
6.2 Each data item shall be separated by a tab.
6.3 The contents of rows in the database is given in 6.3.1 to 6.3.3.
6.3.1 The data shall be entered in English.
6.3.2 The name of each data item shall be shown in the first row of the database using the designated
English words and appropriate labels in other language(s), if needed. Item code numbers and acronyms
should not be used in row 1 instead of English names, as they may cause confusion.
6.3.3 The second and subsequent rows of the database shall contain actual data from subjects with each
data item in the same order as its name is listed in row 1.
EXAMPLE
Subject number Sex Exam location Exam data Body mass Stature
0001 M UK/London 2000-05-23 78,5 1756
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6.4 All body measurements shall be recorded in mm or kg (SI units).
6.5 Missing data shall be recorded as 9999.
7 Database contents
The following data items shall be included in the database.
7.1 Required background data
7.1.1 Item 1 Number of the subject
7.1.2 Item 2 Sex: M for male subjects and F for female subjects
7.1.3 Item 3 Exam location: country, ISO 3166-1 and location
7.1.4 Item 4 Exam date: ISO 8601 method yyyy-mm-dd (for example, 2003-05-23 for 23rd of May, 2003)
7.1.5 Item 5 Birth date: ISO 8601 method yyyy-mm-dd (for example, 2003-04-05 for 5th of April, 2003)
7.1.6 Item 6 Decimal age: subject's age calculated after the exam in accordance with the method
described in Annex D
7.1.7 Item 7 Birthplace: record the subject's birthplace (ISO 3166-1 country code and location)
7.2 Recommended background data
7.2.1 Item 8 School: record a type of present or final school: B for basic, S for secondary school, H for
high school, and U for university (see Annex B).
7.2.2 Item 9 Occupation: record occupation (see Annex B).
7.2.3 Item 10 Race or ethnicity: record the subject's biological population affiliation (see Annex B).
7.3 Anthropometric data
In accordance with ISO 7250, anthropometric data shall be recorded as Items 11 to 56. In the event that some
variables in ISO 7250 are not measured, or if there are missing data, these shall be recorded as 9999.
7.4 Complementary data
In the event that additional body measurements not present in ISO 7250 are measured, these data shall be
recorded as data items 57 and higher, in alphabetical order.
8 Anthropometric data sheets
Biographical data and measurements of each subject shall be recorded on electronic forms or data sheets
(see Annex C).
9 Statistical processing
9.1 Before calculating statistical values, irregular values shall be detected and reviewed (see Annex F).
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ISO 15535:2003(E)
9.2 The age of each subject shall be calculated by decimal notation (see Annex D).
9.3 In the event that subjects are in the growth period, their measurements shall be tabulated for each one-
year age interval, as shown in E.1.
9.4 It is recommended that the data be tabulated for adult subjects in groups of 5-year division (see
Annex E). If that is impossible, for example when sample sizes are small, 10-year divisions or 20-year
divisions shown in Table E.2 shall be used. It is desirable to tabulate data for the adult male and adult female
samples. It is also desirable to tabulate data for a combined sex sample. For the combined sample, data shall
be weighted to account for unequal sample sizes.
9.5 Information on the presentation of data and interpretation of statistics is given in Annex F.
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ISO 15535:2003(E)
Annex A
(normative)
Method for estimating the number of subjects needed on a sample
The sample size shall be estimated to be sufficient for the purposes of investigation. In most cases,
anthropometric data for technological design are of interest at the 5th and 95th percentiles.
The method below is one way to estimate the sample size required to have a particular confidence at 5th and
95th percentiles.
A.1 The minimum number of randomly sampled subjects, N, needed to ensure that a database 5th and 95th
percentile estimates the true population 5th and 95th percentiles with 95 % confidence and a percentage of
relative accuracy is calculated using the following formula:
2
1,96 × CV
2
N=× 1,534
a
where
1,96 is the critical value (z value) from a standard normal distribution for a 95 % confidence interval;
SD
CV is the coefficient of variation (CV=× 100);
x
x is the mean and SD is the standard deviation of the population for the body dimension in question;
a is the percentage of relative accuracy desired.
A.2 The equation for minimum sample size presented in A.1 is derived as follows.
The 95 % confidence interval for a percentile is given by the expression
PS±×1,96 (1)
P
where
P is the percentile estimate;
S is the standard error of this percentile.
P
We would like the confidence interval to be no larger than ± some percentage (a) of the mean. Therefore, we
require a sample size sufficient to ensure that
ax
1,96 × S u (2)
P
100
To solve this equation, we need an expression for S : in this case, the standard error for a 5th or 95th
P
percentile:
222
SS=+ 1,645×S (3)
Px
s
x
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where
S is the standard error of the mean;
x
S is the standard error of the standard deviation.
s
x
Equation (3) can be simplified, however, because both S and S are functions of s , the standard
x
x
...
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