EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019

Additive manufacturing - Feedstock materials - Methods to characterize metal powders (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)

This document provides technical specifications for metallic powders intended to be used in additive manufacturing and covers the following aspects:
—          documentation and traceability;
—          sampling;
—          particle size distribution;
—          chemical composition;
—          characteristic densities;
—          morphology;
—          flowability;
—          contamination;
—          packaging and storage.
This document does not deal with safety aspects.
In addition, this document gives specific requirements for used metallic powders in additive manufacturing.

Additive Fertigung - Ausgangswerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Charakterisierung von Metallpulvern (ISO /ASTM 52907:2019)

Dieses Dokument stellt technische Spezifikationen für Metallpulver zur Verfügung, die für die Nutzung bei der additiven Fertigung bestimmt sind und umfasst folgende Gesichtspunkte:
—   Dokumentation und Rückverfolgbarkeit;
—   Probenahme;
—   Teilchengrößenverteilung;
—   chemische Zusammensetzung;
—   Dichte;
—   Morphologie;
—   Fließfähigkeit;
—   Reinheitsgrad;
—   Verpackung und Lagerung.
Dieses Dokument behandelt keine Sicherheitsaspekte.
Darüber hinaus enthält dieses Dokument besondere Anforderungen an gebrauchte Metallpulver bei der additiven Fertigung.

Fabrication additive - Matières premières - Méthodes pour caractériser les poudres métalliques (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)

Dodajalna izdelava - Surovine - Metode za označevanje vrste kovinskega prahu (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)

Ta mednarodni standard opisuje tehnične specifikacije za kovinske praške, namenjene za uporabo pri aditivni proizvodnji, in zajema naslednje vidike:
– dokumentacija in sledljivost
– vzorčenje
– porazdelitev velikosti delcev
– kemična sestava
– značilne gostote
– morfologija
– sipkost
– toplotne značilnosti
– čistost
– embalaža in shranjevanje
Ta mednarodni standard ne obravnava varnostnih vidikov.
Poleg tega ta mednarodni standard podaja določene zahteve za ponovno uporabljene kovinske
praške pri aditivni proizvodnji.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Dec-2019
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Jun-2020
• ICS: 25.030 - Additive manufacturing
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 18-Dec-2019
• Completion Date: 18-Dec-2019
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2020 - Additive manufacturing - Feedstock materials - Methods to characterize metal powders (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)

Overview

EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019 - Additive manufacturing - Feedstock materials - Methods to characterize metal powders (published by CEN) defines technical specifications for metallic powders intended for additive manufacturing (AM). The standard standardizes how to document, sample and measure key powder properties - such as particle size distribution, chemical composition, densities, morphology, flowability and contamination - and sets requirements for packaging and storage. It also includes specific requirements for used/recycled metallic powders. Note: this standard does not cover safety aspects.

Key Topics and Requirements

• Documentation & traceability
  • Certificates/inspection documents must include a unique reference, supplier name/address, powder lot, product description (including chemical composition and size range), production process (e.g., atomization gas), packaging details (shielding gas, desiccant), date of analysis, storage instructions and traceability identifiers (order number, applicable specs). Inspection documents should comply with EN 10204 and statements of conformity with ISO/IEC 17050-1.
• Sampling
  • Samples must be representative of the powder lot and homogeneously split; follow ISO 3954, ASTM B215 or an agreed method.
• Particle size distribution (PSD)
  • PSD methods referenced include dry sieving and instrumental techniques (laser diffraction, static/dynamic image analysis). Reported PSD must be linked to the test method used.
• Chemical composition
  • Composition must be reported with the test method referenced; supplier/customer agreement determines required analytical precision.
• Characteristic densities
  • Apparent and tap densities should be measured using established methods (funnel methods, Scott volumeter, tap density standards).
• Morphology & flowability
  • Morphology (shape, satellites) and flow properties must be characterized to predict powder behavior in AM processes.
• Contamination
  • Identify potential contaminants (including those from packaging like desiccants) and report levels.
• Packaging, handling & storage
  • Specify protective atmosphere, desiccants, handling and storage conditions to preserve powder quality.
• Used powders
  • The standard provides specific requirements and documentation expectations for powders that have been previously processed in AM.

Applications - Who Uses This Standard

• Powder manufacturers and suppliers for AM
• Additive manufacturing service providers and OEMs
• Quality, materials and process engineers (QA/QC)
• Third‑party testing laboratories and certification bodies
• R&D teams developing AM powders or reuse/recycling workflows

Related Standards (examples referenced)

• ISO/ASTM 52900 (AM fundamentals & vocabulary)
• ISO 3923‑1/2, ISO 3953 (density measurements)
• ISO 4497, ISO 13320, ISO 13322‑1/2 (particle size analysis)
• ISO 3954, ASTM B215 (sampling)
• ASTM B212/B214/B329/B527 (metal powder test methods)
• EN 10204 (inspection documents)

This standard helps unify powder characterization vocabulary and testing practice for reliable procurement, quality control and process qualification in additive manufacturing workflows. Keywords: additive manufacturing, metal powders, powder characterization, particle size distribution, flowability, morphology, traceability, sampling, packaging, contamination.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2020
Dodajalna izdelava - Surovine - Metode za označevanje vrst kovinskega prahu
(ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Additive manufacturing - Feedstock materials - Methods to characterize metal powders
(ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Additive Fertigung - Ausgangswerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Charakterisierung von
Metallpulvern (ISO /ASTM 52907:2019)
Fabrication additive - Matières premières - Méthodes pour caractériser les poudres
métalliques (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019
ICS:
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO/ASTM 52907
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.030
English Version
Additive manufacturing - Feedstock materials - Methods to
characterize metal powders (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Fabrication additive - Matières premières - Méthodes Additive Fertigung - Technische Spezifikationen für
pour caractériser les poudres métalliques (ISO/ASTM Metallpulver (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
52907:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 July 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261
"Additive manufacturing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive
Manufacturing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/ASTM 52907:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019 without
any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO/ASTM
STANDARD 52907
First edition
2019-11
Additive manufacturing — Feedstock
materials — Methods to characterize
metal powders
Fabrication additive — Matières premières — Méthodes pour
caractériser les poudres métalliques
Reference number
ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
©
ISO/ASTM International 2019
ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail] Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Technical specifications . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Documentation and traceability . 2
4.3 Sampling . 3
4.4 Particle size distribution . 3
4.5 Chemical composition . 5
4.6 Characteristic densities . 6
4.7 Morphology . 7
4.8 Flowability . 7
4.9 Contamination . 8
4.10 Packaging, handling and storage . 8
4.10.1 General. 8
4.10.2 Packaging and handling . 8
4.10.3 Storage . 9
Annex A (informative) Examples of morphology .10
Annex B (informative) Example of certificate .15
Bibliography .18
© ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation with ASTM F 42,
Additive manufacturing technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement between ISO and ASTM
International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on additive manufacturing.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Introduction
The document aims to simplify the relation between the supplier and the customer for the supply of
metallic powder for additive manufacturing purpose whatever the process involved.
The document does not aim to develop new standards but provides a list of existing standards dedicated
to metallic powder that are suitable for additive manufacturing.
© ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Additive manufacturing — Feedstock materials — Methods
to characterize metal powders
1 Scope
This document provides technical specifications for metallic powders intended to be used in additive
manufacturing and covers the following aspects:
— documentation and traceability;
— sampling;
— particle size distribution;
— chemical composition;
— characteristic densities;
— morphology;
— flowability;
— contamination;
— packaging and storage.
This document does not deal with safety aspects.
In addition, this document gives specific requirements for used metallic powders in additive
manufacturing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2591-1, Test sieving — Part 1: Methods using test sieves of woven wire cloth and perforated metal plate
ISO 3252, Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
ISO 3923-1, Metallic powders — Determination of apparent density — Part 1: Funnel method
ISO 3923-2, Metallic powders — Determination of apparent density — Part 2: Scott volumeter method
ISO 3953, Metallic powders — Determination of tap density
ISO 3954, Powders for powder metallurgical purposes — Sampling
ISO 4497, Metallic powders — Determination or particle size by dry sieving
ISO 13320, Particle size analysis — Laser diffraction methods
ISO 13322-1, Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods — Part 1: Static image analysis methods
ISO 13322-2, Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods — Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods
ISO 22412, Particle size analysis — Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
© ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved 1

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ASTM B212, Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal powders Using the Hall
Flowmeter Funnel
ASTM B214, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal powders
ASTM B215, Standard Practices for Sampling Metal powders
ASTM B243, Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
ASTM B329, Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal powders and Compounds Using the Scott
Volumeter
ASTM B417, Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal powders Using the
Carney Funnel
ASTM B527, Standard Test Method for Tap Density of Metal powders and Compounds
ASTM B822, Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal powders and Related Compounds
by Light Scattering
EN 10204:2005, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3252, ISO/ASTM 52900,
ASTM B243 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
EDX
X-ray spectrometry in which the energy of individual photons is measured by a parallel detector and
used to build up a histogram representing the distribution of X-rays with energy
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-13:2017, 3.3.2.4, modified — "EDX" has been kept as the only term and "are"
has been changed to "is"]
4 Technical specifications
4.1 General
The supplier and customer shall choose the test methods appropriate to the customer's requirements.
4.2 Documentation and traceability
To ensure traceability, statements of conformity and inspection documents shall specify the following:
— a unique document reference,
— the name and the address of the supplier,
— the reference of powder lot,
— the product description, including chemical composition, standard and/or trade/common name,
2 © ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
— the nature of powder production process (including e.g. type of gas used, environment conditions),
— the packaging description, including the packaging, the nature of the shielding gas and the desiccant
bag, if relevant,
— the date of analysis,
— storage and preservation instructions,
— all of the information to ensure the traceability (e.g. order number, applicable specification).
NOTE 1 When a desiccant bag is in contact with the powder, it can be a source of contamination.
The inspection document shall comply with EN 10204:2005, 4.1.
The statement of conformity should follow ISO/IEC 17050-1.
The reported values shall be linked to the test method used and the corresponding standard. The
relevant standards to characterize metallic powder or feedstock for additive manufacturing are detailed
in this document. Powder characteristics shall be subjected to a prior customer/supplier agreement.
The product shall be supplied with its material safety data sheet (SDS).
NOTE 2 The inspection document and the statement of conformity can be on the same document.
EXAMPLES Product description: Ni alloy 718 powder 10 µm to 45 µm.
Nature of production process: Vacuum Induction Melting argon gas atomization.
Packaging description: 10 kg bottle under Argon protective atmosphere.
For an example of certificate, see Annex B.
4.3 Sampling
Samples shall be representative of the powder lot, ensuring homogeneity when split. Methods and
equipment shall follow the requirements in ISO 3954, ASTM B215 or another method subjected to a
prior customer/supplier agreement with the method(s) reported.
Procedures should be included for equipment cleanliness prior to sampling to prevent cross
contamination of powder.
4.4 Particle size distribution
Particle size and particle size distribution shall be determined in accordance with one or several of the
methods and standards listed in Table 1.
The standards according to the methods used shall be indicated in the report (see Annex B).
© ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved 3

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Table 1 — Methods used for particle size analysis
Typical
range
(varies
Method Expression of results Advantages Limitations
between
instru-
ments)
Laser diffraction — Measurements shall
0,1 μm to
be made on isolated
— Ease of use
3 mm
Cumulative volume
(ISO 13320)
particles (not touching)
percentages on a plot,
— Large sample sizes – liquid suspension can
with calculated values
are not required be necessary
Light scattering
D at which X % of the
X
1 nm to
total volume is below
(ISO 22412,
— High accuracy and
0,1 mm — Assumes spherical
this value
ASTM B822)
repeatability
particles when
calculating volumes
— Measurements
shall be made on
isolated particles (not
touching) – liquid
suspension can be used
— Accounts for non-
Image analysis
Either the number or — Result accuracy
spherical particles
≥5 μm volume of particles in depends on number of
(static:
— Capable of reporting
each size interval pixels
ISO 13322-1)
shape factors
— Set up procedures to
be determined by the
operator to achieve
optimum results for
that specific powder
— Measurements shall
— Accounts for non- be made on isolated
spherical particles particles (not touching)
– liquid suspension can
— Capable of reporting
be necessary
shape factors
Either the number or
Image analysis
— Result accuracy
volume of particles in
— Large amount
≥5 μm depends on number of
(dynamic:
each size interval and
of particles can
pixels
ISO 13322-2)
shape distribution
be measured
in each sample, — Set up procedures to
which provides a be determined by the
large dataset for operator to achieve
statistical analysis optimum results for
that specific powder
4 © ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Typical
range
(varies
Method Expression of results Advantages Limitations
between
instru-
ments)
— Appropriate sieve sizes
required
— Results obtained
assume near spherical
particles that pass
through the sieve
openings when the
particle diameter is
— Equipment
smaller than the size
The amounts of
required is cheaper
openings. This does not
Sieving
particles present in
overall than
take into account long
specified particle size
(ISO 2591-
≥45 μm equipment required
particles or particles
intervals, expressed
1, ISO 4497,
for other particle
with aglomerations.
as a percentage of the
ASTM B214)
size distribution
total particles
testing methods — Carefully controlled
cleaning of sieves
between tests required
— Results obtained are
discrete intervals
— Not suitable for
particles sized wholly
or mostly under 45 μm
NOTE 1 The laser diffraction and dynamic image analysis method results in higher values than the sieving
method. The sieving method gives a weight percent of powder impeded by or passing through a square net
whereas the laser diffraction method gives an equivalent diameter calculated from laser interferences.
NOTE 2 The results can be obtained by different methods; for example, quantification of the largest particles
by sieving and quantification of the thinnest particles by laser diffraction. The results obtained from different
methods can produce different results.
NOTE 3 The results are often expressed in D10 (first decile, i.e. 1/10 of the statistical population is below this
value), D50 (median value, i.e. half of
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2020
Aditivna proizvodnja - Surovine - Metode za označevanje vrst kovinskega prahu
(ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Additive manufacturing - Feedstock materials - Methods to characterize metal powders
(ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Additive Fertigung - Ausgangswerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Charakterisierung von
Metallpulvern (ISO /ASTM 52907:2019)
Fabrication additive - Matières premières - Méthodes pour caractériser les poudres
métalliques (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019
ICS:
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO/ASTM 52907
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.030
English Version
Additive manufacturing - Feedstock materials - Methods to
characterize metal powders (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
Fabrication additive - Matières premières - Méthodes Additive Fertigung - Technische Spezifikationen für
pour caractériser les poudres métalliques (ISO/ASTM Metallpulver (ISO/ASTM 52907:2019)
52907:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 July 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261
"Additive manufacturing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive
Manufacturing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/ASTM 52907:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/ASTM 52907:2019 without
any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO/ASTM
STANDARD 52907
First edition
2019-11
Additive manufacturing — Feedstock
materials — Methods to characterize
metal powders
Fabrication additive — Matières premières — Méthodes pour
caractériser les poudres métalliques
Reference number
ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
©
ISO/ASTM International 2019
ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail] Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Technical specifications . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Documentation and traceability . 2
4.3 Sampling . 3
4.4 Particle size distribution . 3
4.5 Chemical composition . 5
4.6 Characteristic densities . 6
4.7 Morphology . 7
4.8 Flowability . 7
4.9 Contamination . 8
4.10 Packaging, handling and storage . 8
4.10.1 General. 8
4.10.2 Packaging and handling . 8
4.10.3 Storage . 9
Annex A (informative) Examples of morphology .10
Annex B (informative) Example of certificate .15
Bibliography .18
© ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation with ASTM F 42,
Additive manufacturing technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement between ISO and ASTM
International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on additive manufacturing.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Introduction
The document aims to simplify the relation between the supplier and the customer for the supply of
metallic powder for additive manufacturing purpose whatever the process involved.
The document does not aim to develop new standards but provides a list of existing standards dedicated
to metallic powder that are suitable for additive manufacturing.
© ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Additive manufacturing — Feedstock materials — Methods
to characterize metal powders
1 Scope
This document provides technical specifications for metallic powders intended to be used in additive
manufacturing and covers the following aspects:
— documentation and traceability;
— sampling;
— particle size distribution;
— chemical composition;
— characteristic densities;
— morphology;
— flowability;
— contamination;
— packaging and storage.
This document does not deal with safety aspects.
In addition, this document gives specific requirements for used metallic powders in additive
manufacturing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2591-1, Test sieving — Part 1: Methods using test sieves of woven wire cloth and perforated metal plate
ISO 3252, Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
ISO 3923-1, Metallic powders — Determination of apparent density — Part 1: Funnel method
ISO 3923-2, Metallic powders — Determination of apparent density — Part 2: Scott volumeter method
ISO 3953, Metallic powders — Determination of tap density
ISO 3954, Powders for powder metallurgical purposes — Sampling
ISO 4497, Metallic powders — Determination or particle size by dry sieving
ISO 13320, Particle size analysis — Laser diffraction methods
ISO 13322-1, Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods — Part 1: Static image analysis methods
ISO 13322-2, Particle size analysis — Image analysis methods — Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods
ISO 22412, Particle size analysis — Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
© ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved 1

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ASTM B212, Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal powders Using the Hall
Flowmeter Funnel
ASTM B214, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal powders
ASTM B215, Standard Practices for Sampling Metal powders
ASTM B243, Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
ASTM B329, Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal powders and Compounds Using the Scott
Volumeter
ASTM B417, Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal powders Using the
Carney Funnel
ASTM B527, Standard Test Method for Tap Density of Metal powders and Compounds
ASTM B822, Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal powders and Related Compounds
by Light Scattering
EN 10204:2005, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3252, ISO/ASTM 52900,
ASTM B243 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
EDX
X-ray spectrometry in which the energy of individual photons is measured by a parallel detector and
used to build up a histogram representing the distribution of X-rays with energy
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-13:2017, 3.3.2.4, modified — "EDX" has been kept as the only term and "are"
has been changed to "is"]
4 Technical specifications
4.1 General
The supplier and customer shall choose the test methods appropriate to the customer's requirements.
4.2 Documentation and traceability
To ensure traceability, statements of conformity and inspection documents shall specify the following:
— a unique document reference,
— the name and the address of the supplier,
— the reference of powder lot,
— the product description, including chemical composition, standard and/or trade/common name,
2 © ISO/ASTM International 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
— the nature of powder production process (including e.g. type of gas used, environment conditions),
— the packaging description, including the packaging, the nature of the shielding gas and the desiccant
bag, if relevant,
— the date of analysis,
— storage and preservation instructions,
— all of the information to ensure the traceability (e.g. order number, applicable specification).
NOTE 1 When a desiccant bag is in contact with the powder, it can be a source of contamination.
The inspection document shall comply with EN 10204:2005, 4.1.
The statement of conformity should follow ISO/IEC 17050-1.
The reported values shall be linked to the test method used and the corresponding standard. The
relevant standards to characterize metallic powder or feedstock for additive manufacturing are detailed
in this document. Powder characteristics shall be subjected to a prior customer/supplier agreement.
The product shall be supplied with its material safety data sheet (SDS).
NOTE 2 The inspection document and the statement of conformity can be on the same document.
EXAMPLES Product description: Ni alloy 718 powder 10 µm to 45 µm.
Nature of production process: Vacuum Induction Melting argon gas atomization.
Packaging description: 10 kg bottle under Argon protective atmosphere.
For an example of certificate, see Annex B.
4.3 Sampling
Samples shall be representative of the powder lot, ensuring homogeneity when split. Methods and
equipment shall follow the requirements in ISO 3954, ASTM B215 or another method subjected to a
prior customer/supplier agreement with the method(s) reported.
Procedures should be included for equipment cleanliness prior to sampling to prevent cross
contamination of powder.
4.4 Particle size distribution
Particle size and particle size distribution shall be determined in accordance with one or several of the
methods and standards listed in Table 1.
The standards according to the methods used shall be indicated in the report (see Annex B).
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ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Table 1 — Methods used for particle size analysis
Typical
range
(varies
Method Expression of results Advantages Limitations
between
instru-
ments)
Laser diffraction — Measurements shall
0,1 μm to
be made on isolated
— Ease of use
3 mm
Cumulative volume
(ISO 13320)
particles (not touching)
percentages on a plot,
— Large sample sizes – liquid suspension can
with calculated values
are not required be necessary
Light scattering
D at which X % of the
X
1 nm to
total volume is below
(ISO 22412,
— High accuracy and
0,1 mm — Assumes spherical
this value
ASTM B822)
repeatability
particles when
calculating volumes
— Measurements
shall be made on
isolated particles (not
touching) – liquid
suspension can be used
— Accounts for non-
Image analysis
Either the number or — Result accuracy
spherical particles
≥5 μm volume of particles in depends on number of
(static:
— Capable of reporting
each size interval pixels
ISO 13322-1)
shape factors
— Set up procedures to
be determined by the
operator to achieve
optimum results for
that specific powder
— Measurements shall
— Accounts for non- be made on isolated
spherical particles particles (not touching)
– liquid suspension can
— Capable of reporting
be necessary
shape factors
Either the number or
Image analysis
— Result accuracy
volume of particles in
— Large amount
≥5 μm depends on number of
(dynamic:
each size interval and
of particles can
pixels
ISO 13322-2)
shape distribution
be measured
in each sample, — Set up procedures to
which provides a be determined by the
large dataset for operator to achieve
statistical analysis optimum results for
that specific powder
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ISO/ASTM 52907:2019(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Typical
range
(varies
Method Expression of results Advantages Limitations
between
instru-
ments)
— Appropriate sieve sizes
required
— Results obtained
assume near spherical
particles that pass
through the sieve
openings when the
particle diameter is
— Equipment
smaller than the size
The amounts of
required is cheaper
openings. This does not
Sieving
particles present in
overall than
take into account long
specified particle size
(ISO 2591-
≥45 μm equipment required
particles or particles
intervals, expressed
1, ISO 4497,
for other particle
with aglomerations.
as a percentage of the
ASTM B214)
size distribution
total particles
testing methods — Carefully controlled
cleaning of sieves
between tests required
— Results obtained are
discrete intervals
— Not suitable for
particles sized wholly
or mostly under 45 μm
NOTE 1 The laser diffraction and dynamic image analysis method results in higher values than the sieving
method. The sieving method gives a weight percent of powder impeded by or passing through a square net
whereas the laser diffraction method gives an equivalent diameter calculated from laser interferences.
NOTE 2 The results can be obtained by different methods; for example, quantification of the largest particles
by sieving and quantification of the thinnest particles by laser diffraction. The results obtained from different
methods can produce different results.
NOTE 3 The results are often expressed in D10 (first decile, i.e. 1/10 of the statistical population is below this
value), D50 (median value, i.e. half o
...