CEN/TS 16023:2013
(Main)Characterization of waste - Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value
Characterization of waste - Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value
This Technical Specification specifies a simplified method for the determination of the gross calorific value of waste at constant volume and at the reference temperature of 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. This Technical Specification does not include thermo-chemical corrections.
This Technical Specification also specifies a simplified calculation of the net calorific value from the gross calorific value.
This Technical Specification is applicable for the evaluation of suitability of waste to be treated by thermal processes and for the energy to be recovered.
This Technical Specification is applicable to all kinds of waste.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung des Brennwertes und Berechnung des Heizwertes
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Brennwertes für Abfälle bei konstantem Volumen und bei einer Bezugstemperatur von 25 °C in einem Bombenkalorimeter fest, das durch die Verbrennung zertifizierter Benzoesäure kalibriert wurde. Diese Technische Spezifikation umfasst keine thermochemischen Korrekturen.
Auf der Basis des Brennwertes legt diese Technische Spezifikation ebenfalls eine vereinfachte Berechnung des Heizwertes fest.
Diese Technische Spezifikation gilt für die Eignungsbewertung von Abfällen in thermischen Prozessen und der damit verbundenen Energierückgewinnung.
Diese Technische Spezifikation ist auf alle Abfallarten anwendbar.
Caractérisation des déchets - Détermination du pouvoir calorifique supérieur et calcul du pouvoir calorifique inférieur
La présente Spécification technique spécifie une méthode de détermination simplifiée du pouvoir calorifique supérieur des déchets, à volume constant et à la température de référence de 25 °C dans une bombe calorimétrique étalonnée par combustion d’acide benzoïque certifié. La présente Spécification technique ne contient pas de corrections thermochimiques.
La présente Spécification technique spécifie également un calcul simplifié du pouvoir calorifique inférieur à partir du pouvoir calorifique supérieur.
La présente Spécification technique s’applique à l’évaluation de la capacité de traitement des déchets par des procédés thermiques ainsi qu’à la récupération d’énergie.
La présente Spécification technique s’applique à tous les types de déchets.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Določevanje sežigne vrednosti in izračun kurilne vrednosti
Ta tehnična specifikacija določa poenostavljeno metodo za določevanje sežigne vrednosti odpadkov pri stalni prostornini in referenčni temperaturi 25 °C v bombnem kalorimetru, ki je kalibriran s postopkom zgorevanja certificiranih benzojskih kislin. Ta tehnična specifikacija ne vključuje termokemičnih popravkov. Ta tehnična specifikacija določa tudi poenostavljen način izračuna kurilne vrednosti iz sežigne vrednosti. Ta tehnična specifikacija se lahko uporablja za ocenjevanje primernosti odpadkov za obdelavo s termičnimi procesi in za energijo, ki se na ta način pridobi. Ta tehnična specifikacija se lahko uporablja za katero koli vrsto odpadkov.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2014
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRGSDGNRY'RORþHYDQMHVHåLJQHYUHGQRVWLLQL]UDþXQNXULOQH
YUHGQRVWL
Characterization of waste - Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net
calorific value
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung des Brennwertes und Berechnung des
Heizwertes
Caractérisation des déchets - Détermination du pouvoir calorifique brut et calcul du
pouvoir calorifique net
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16023:2013
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16023
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2013
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Characterization of waste - Determination of gross calorific value
and calculation of net calorific value
Caractérisation des déchets - Détermination du pouvoir Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung des
calorifique supérieur et calcul du pouvoir calorifique Brennwertes und Berechnung des Heizwertes
inférieur
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 6 August 2013 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16023:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle .6
4.1 Gross calorific value .6
4.2 Net calorific value .6
5 Reagents .6
6 Apparatus .7
7 Sample storage .8
8 Sample preparation .8
9 Procedure .9
9.1 General .9
9.2 General preparations, measurements and temperature corrections . 10
9.3 Calibration . 13
9.4 Samples . 13
10 Calculation of effective heat capacity. 14
11 Gross calorific value . 15
12 Calculation of net calorific value. 16
12.1 General . 16
12.2 Net calorific value at constant pressure . 16
13 Expression of results . 16
14 Quality control . 17
15 Test report . 17
Annex A (informative) Example of a calorimeter . 18
Annex B (informative) Temperature evolution . 19
Annex C (informative) Calculation of the gross calorific value – Correct calculation versus the
simplified calculation . 20
C.1 Correct calculation . 20
C.2 Sulfur correction . 21
C.3 Nitrogen correction. 21
C.4 Halogens correction . 21
C.5 Influence of the thermo-chemical corrections . 22
Annex D (informative) Typical hydrogen contents in waste products . 24
Annex E (informative) Summary of general requirements and recommendations . 25
Bibliography . 26
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16023:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This method is a quick and easy way to evaluate the suitability of waste to be treated by thermal processes.
The determination of gross calorific value is carried out without thermo-chemical corrections. These
corrections typically result in minor changes of the result. The influence of these corrections is shown in
Annex C.
The result obtained is the gross calorific value at constant volume with both the water of the combustion
products and the moisture of the waste as liquid water.
The net calorific value is obtained by calculation from the gross calorific value. For the purpose of this
Technical Specification, the value of the net calorific value does not need to be determined exactly. The
correction for hydrogen is simplified by the use of typical hydrogen contents derived from table values of
hydrogen contents in common types of waste.
This Technical Specification specifies a quick method to determine calorific value; a more comprehensive
analysis is described in ISO 1928.
Waste can contain water and (unburnable) solids in large amounts. Therefore their calorific value – especially
on the “as received” basis – can be quite low. For some purposes it may be sufficient to determine the gross
calorific value only, and not the net calorific value.
WARNING — Strict adherence to all of the provisions prescribed in this Technical Specification
should ensure against explosive rupture of the bomb, or a blow-out, provided that the bomb is of
proper design and construction and in good mechanical condition. Anyone dealing with waste and
sludge analysis is required to be aware of the typical risks of this kind of material irrespective of the
parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples may contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive,
flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction.
Consequently, it is recommended that these samples be handled with special care. The gases that
may be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize
sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol.
National regulations should be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a simplified method for the determination of the gross calorific value of
waste at constant volume and at the reference temperature of 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by
combustion of certified benzoic acid. This Technical Specification does not include thermo-chemical
corrections.
This Technical Specification also specifies a simplified calculation of the net calorific value from the gross
calorific value.
This Technical Specification is applicable for the evaluation of suitability of waste to be treated by thermal
processes and for the energy to be recovered.
This Technical Specification is applicable to all kinds of waste.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13965-2:2010, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 2: Management related terms and
definitions
EN 14346, Characterization of waste - Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water
content
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13965-2:2010 and the following
apply.
3.1
corrected temperature rise
change in calorimeter temperature caused solely by the processes taking place within the combustion bomb
Note 1 to entry: It is the total observed temperature rise corrected for heat exchange, stirring power etc.
3.2
gross calorific value at constant volume
absolute value of the specific energy of combustion, in Joules, for unit mass of waste burned in oxygen in a
calorimetric bomb under the conditions specified
Note 1 to entry: The products of combustion are assumed to consist of gaseous oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
sulfur dioxide, of liquid water (in equilibrium with its vapour) saturated with carbon dioxide under the conditions of the
bomb reaction, and of solid ash, all at the reference temperature.
3.3
net calorific value at constant pressure
absolute value of the specific energy of combustion, in Joules, for unit mass of waste burned in oxygen at
constant pressure under such conditions that all the water of the reaction products remains as water vapour
(in a hypothetical state at 0,1 MPa)
Note 1 to entry: The other products are assumed to remain at the reference temperature.
4 Principle
4.1 Gross calorific value
A weighed portion of the waste sample is burned in a high-pressure oxygen atmosphere in a bomb
calorimeter under specified conditions. The effective heat capacity of the calorimeter is determined in
calibration experiments by combustion of certified benzoic acid under similar conditions, accou
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.