EN 1861:1998
(Main)Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols
This European standard specifies the symbols and drawing rules for system flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams to be applied to refrigerating systems including heat pumps. These diagrams represent the configuration and function of refrigerating systems and form a part of the complete technical documentation necessary for designing, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of a refrigerating system. This standard does not apply to refrigerating systems, where the heat is extracted by an electrical circuit, e.g. Peltier-effect.
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Systemfließbilder und Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließbilder - Gestaltung und Symbole
Diese Europäische Norm legt Symbole und Zeichnungsregeln für Systemfließbilder und Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließbilder fest, die bei Kälteanlagen einschließlich Wärmepumpen anzuwenden sind. Diese Fließbilder stellen den Aufbau und die Funktion der Kälteanlage dar und sind Bestandteil der gesamten technischen Dokumentation, die für Konstrukion, Bau, Aufstellung, Inbetriebnahme, Betrieb, Instandhaltung und Außerbetriebnahme einer Kälteanlage erforderlich ist.
Systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Schémas synoptiques pour systèmes, tuyauteries et instrumentation - Configuration et symboles
La présente norme établit les symboles et règles de dessin pour les schémas synoptiques pour systèmes, tuyauteries et instruments destinés à être utilisés dans les systèmes de réfrigération, y compris les pompes à chaleur. Ces schémas représentent la configuration et le mode de fonctionnement des systèmes de réfrigération et ils font partie de la documentation technique complète nécessaire à la conception, la construction, l'installation, la mise en service, le fonctionnement, la maintenance et la mise hors service d'un système de réfrigération.
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols
General Information
Overview
EN 1861:1998 (CEN) defines the layout and symbols to be used on system flow diagrams (SFDs) and piping and instrument diagrams (P&IDs) for refrigerating systems and heat pumps. The standard establishes drawing rules and graphical symbol conventions so that diagrams consistently represent the configuration and function of refrigeration and heat pump installations. These diagrams form part of the complete technical documentation required across the lifecycle: design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning.
Note: EN 1861 does not apply to refrigerating devices that extract heat by an electrical circuit (for example, Peltier-effect systems).
Key topics and requirements
- Scope and applicability: Applies to refrigerating systems and heat pumps; excludes electrically driven heat extraction devices.
- Graphical symbols: Standardized symbols for components commonly used in refrigeration and heat-pump systems (compressors, condensers, evaporators, valves, sensors, etc.) to ensure unambiguous interpretation.
- Drawing rules: Conventions for line types, flow direction, component identification and annotation used on SFDs and P&IDs.
- Diagram purpose: Guidance on how diagrams should convey both the physical configuration and the functional relationships of system components.
- Technical documentation integration: Diagrams are specified as part of the documentation needed during all project phases (design through decommissioning).
Applications
EN 1861 is practical for professionals and organizations that create, review or rely on refrigeration and heat-pump documentation:
- HVAC and refrigeration designers producing SFDs and P&IDs
- Consulting engineers and system integrators preparing technical documentation
- Installation and commissioning teams using diagrams for system verification
- Maintenance and service personnel needing standardized schematics for troubleshooting
- CAD drafters and technical authors ensuring consistent symbol use
- Regulatory and inspection authorities reviewing conformity and safety documentation
Using EN 1861-compliant diagrams improves clarity, reduces misinterpretation, and facilitates cross-disciplinary collaboration throughout project lifecycles.
Related standards
For comprehensive technical documentation, EN 1861 should be used alongside other graphical symbol and documentation standards (national or international) that govern mechanical and process engineering drawings and instrument identification.
Keywords: EN 1861, refrigerating systems, heat pumps, system flow diagram, P&ID, piping and instrument diagrams, symbols, drawing rules, technical documentation, refrigeration design.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1861:1998 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols". This standard covers: This European standard specifies the symbols and drawing rules for system flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams to be applied to refrigerating systems including heat pumps. These diagrams represent the configuration and function of refrigerating systems and form a part of the complete technical documentation necessary for designing, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of a refrigerating system. This standard does not apply to refrigerating systems, where the heat is extracted by an electrical circuit, e.g. Peltier-effect.
This European standard specifies the symbols and drawing rules for system flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams to be applied to refrigerating systems including heat pumps. These diagrams represent the configuration and function of refrigerating systems and form a part of the complete technical documentation necessary for designing, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of a refrigerating system. This standard does not apply to refrigerating systems, where the heat is extracted by an electrical circuit, e.g. Peltier-effect.
EN 1861:1998 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 01.080.30 - Graphical symbols for use on mechanical engineering and construction drawings, diagrams, plans, maps and in relevant technical product documentation; 27.080 - Heat pumps; 27.200 - Refrigerating technology. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1861:1998 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 97/23/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/071. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbolsKälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Systemfließbilder und Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließbilder - Gestaltung und SymboleSystemes de réfrigération et pompes a chaleur - Schémas synoptiques pour systemes, tuyauteries et instrumentation - Configuration et symbolesRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols27.200Hladilna tehnologijaRefrigerating technology27.080Heat pumps01.080.30GRNXPHQWDFLMLGraphical symbols for use on mechanical engineering and construction drawings, diagrams, plans, maps and in relevant technical product documentationI
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記事タイトル：EN 1861:1998 - 冷凍システムおよびヒートポンプ - システムフローダイアグラムと配管及び計器図 - レイアウトとシンボル 記事内容：この欧州標準は、冷凍システムおよびヒートポンプを含むシステムフローダイアグラムと配管および計器図に適用されるシンボルと図面のルールを指定しています。これらの図は冷凍システムの構成と機能を表し、冷凍システムの設計、建設、設置、稼働、保守、廃棄のために必要な完全な技術文書の一部です。ただし、この規格は、電気回路によって熱が抽出される冷凍システム（例：ペルチェ効果）には適用されません。
기사 제목: EN 1861: 1998 - 냉동 시스템 및 열펌프 - 시스템 흐름도 및 배관 및 기기도 - 배치 및 심볼 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 냉동 시스템과 열펌프를 포함한 시스템 흐름도와 배관 및 기기도에 적용되는 심볼과 도면 규칙을 명시하고 있습니다. 이러한 도식은 냉동 시스템의 구성과 기능을 나타내며, 냉동 시스템의 설계, 건설, 설치, 가동, 유지 보수 및 폐기를 위해 필요한 완전한 기술 문서의 일부입니다. 이 표준은 전기 회로에서 열을 추출하는 냉동 시스템에는 적용되지 않습니다. (예 : Peltier 효과).
The article discusses European standard EN 1861:1998 which provides symbols and drawing rules for system flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams used in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. These diagrams are essential for the design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of refrigerating systems. However, the standard does not apply to refrigerating systems that use electrical circuits to extract heat, such as the Peltier-effect.
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