SIST EN 1861:2000

Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols

This European standard specifies the symbols and drawing rules for system flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams to be applied to refrigerating systems including heat pumps. These diagrams represent the configuration and function of refrigerating systems and form a part of the complete technical documentation necessary for designing, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of a refrigerating system. This standard does not apply to refrigerating systems, where the heat is extracted by an electrical circuit, e.g. Peltier-effect.

Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Systemfließbilder und Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließbilder - Gestaltung und Symbole

Diese Europäische Norm legt Symbole und Zeichnungsregeln für Systemfließbilder und Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließbilder fest, die bei Kälteanlagen einschließlich Wärmepumpen anzuwenden sind. Diese Fließbilder stellen den Aufbau und die Funktion der Kälteanlage dar und sind Bestandteil der gesamten technischen Dokumentation, die für Konstrukion, Bau, Aufstellung, Inbetriebnahme, Betrieb, Instandhaltung und Außerbetriebnahme einer Kälteanlage erforderlich ist.

Systemes de réfrigération et pompes a chaleur - Schémas synoptiques pour systemes, tuyauteries et instrumentation - Configuration et symboles

La présente norme établit les symboles et règles de dessin pour les schémas synoptiques pour systèmes, tuyauteries et instruments destinés à être utilisés dans les systèmes de réfrigération, y compris les pompes à chaleur. Ces schémas représentent la configuration et le mode de fonctionnement des systèmes de réfrigération et ils font partie de la documentation technique complète nécessaire à la conception, la construction, l'installation, la mise en service, le fonctionnement, la maintenance et la mise hors service d'un système de réfrigération.

Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2000
• ICS: 01.080.30 - Graphical symbols for use on mechanical engineering and construction drawings, diagrams, plans, maps and in relevant technical product documentation
• ICS: 27.080 - Heat pumps
• ICS: 27.200 - Refrigerating technology
• Technical Committee: SS SPL - Technical Board for the general field
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2000
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2000
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2000
• Directive: 97/23/EC - Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Ref Project: EN 1861:1998 - Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols

Overview

EN 1861:1998 (CEN) defines the layout and symbols to be used on system flow diagrams (SFDs) and piping and instrument diagrams (P&IDs) for refrigerating systems and heat pumps. The standard establishes drawing rules and graphical symbol conventions so that diagrams consistently represent the configuration and function of refrigeration and heat pump installations. These diagrams form part of the complete technical documentation required across the lifecycle: design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning.

Note: EN 1861 does not apply to refrigerating devices that extract heat by an electrical circuit (for example, Peltier-effect systems).

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and applicability: Applies to refrigerating systems and heat pumps; excludes electrically driven heat extraction devices.
• Graphical symbols: Standardized symbols for components commonly used in refrigeration and heat-pump systems (compressors, condensers, evaporators, valves, sensors, etc.) to ensure unambiguous interpretation.
• Drawing rules: Conventions for line types, flow direction, component identification and annotation used on SFDs and P&IDs.
• Diagram purpose: Guidance on how diagrams should convey both the physical configuration and the functional relationships of system components.
• Technical documentation integration: Diagrams are specified as part of the documentation needed during all project phases (design through decommissioning).

Applications

EN 1861 is practical for professionals and organizations that create, review or rely on refrigeration and heat-pump documentation:

• HVAC and refrigeration designers producing SFDs and P&IDs
• Consulting engineers and system integrators preparing technical documentation
• Installation and commissioning teams using diagrams for system verification
• Maintenance and service personnel needing standardized schematics for troubleshooting
• CAD drafters and technical authors ensuring consistent symbol use
• Regulatory and inspection authorities reviewing conformity and safety documentation

Using EN 1861-compliant diagrams improves clarity, reduces misinterpretation, and facilitates cross-disciplinary collaboration throughout project lifecycles.

Related standards

For comprehensive technical documentation, EN 1861 should be used alongside other graphical symbol and documentation standards (national or international) that govern mechanical and process engineering drawings and instrument identification.

Keywords: EN 1861, refrigerating systems, heat pumps, system flow diagram, P&ID, piping and instrument diagrams, symbols, drawing rules, technical documentation, refrigeration design.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbolsKälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Systemfließbilder und Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließbilder - Gestaltung und SymboleSystemes de réfrigération et pompes a chaleur - Schémas synoptiques pour systemes, tuyauteries et instrumentation - Configuration et symbolesRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols27.200Hladilna tehnologijaRefrigerating technology27.080Heat pumps01.080.30GRNXPHQWDFLMLGraphical symbols for use on mechanical engineering and construction drawings, diagrams, plans, maps and in relevant technical product documentationI
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