Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2022, Corrected version 2023-02)

This document specifies techniques of digital radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject.
This document applies to the digital radiographic testing of fusion welded joints in metallic materials. It applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe”, as used in this document, covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums and pressure vessels.
This document specifies the requirements for digital radiographic X- and gamma-ray testing by either computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDAs) of the welded joints of metallic plates and tubes for the detection of imperfections. It includes manual and automated inspection with DDAs.
Digital detectors provide a digital grey value image which can be viewed and evaluated using a computer (Annex E). This document specifies the recommended procedure for detector selection and radiographic practice. Selection of computer, software, monitor, printer and viewing conditions are important, but are not the main focus of this document. The procedure specified in this document provides the minimum requirements for radiographic practice which permits exposure and acquisition of digital radiographs with equivalent sensitivity for the detection of imperfections as film radiography (specified in ISO 17636-1).
This document does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the digital radiographs. ISO 10675 provides information on acceptance levels for weld inspection.
If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved will be significantly lower than when this document is strictly applied.

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 2: Röntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit digitalen Detektoren (ISO 17636-2:2022, korrigierte Fassung 2023-02)

Dieses Dokument legt Techniken der digitalen Durchstrahlungsprüfung mit dem Ziel fest, zufriedenstellende und wiederholbare Ergebnisse zu erreichen. Die Techniken beruhen auf allgemein anerkannten Vorgehensweisen und den grundlegenden Theorien zum Thema.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für die digitale Durchstrahlungsprüfung von Schmelzschweißverbindungen in metallischen Werkstoffen. Es ist anwendbar für Schweißverbindungen von Platten und Rohren. Neben der konventionellen Bedeutung werden in diesem Dokument unter der Benennung „Rohr“ auch andere zylindrische Körper wie Druckleitungen, Kesseltrommeln und Druckbehälter verstanden.
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen an die digitale Durchstrahlungsprüfung von Schweißverbindungen an Metallplatten und -rohren mit Röntgen- und Gammastrahlen unter Anwendung entweder der Computer-Radiographie (CR) oder der Radiographie mit digitalen Matrixdetektoren (DDA, en: Digital Detector Arrays) fest, die dem Nachweis von Unregelmäßigkeiten dient. Es umfasst die manuelle und automatische Prüfung mittels DDA.
Digitale Detektoren liefern ein Bild mit digitalen Grauwerten, das mit einem Computer betrachtet und ausgewertet werden kann (Anhang E). Dieses Dokument legt die empfohlenen Verfahren für die Auswahl des Detektors und der Durchstrahlungstechnik fest. Die Auswahl von Computer, Software, Monitor, Drucker und Betrachtungsbedingungen ist von Bedeutung, bildet jedoch nicht den Schwerpunkt dieses Dokuments. Das in diesem Dokument festgelegte Verfahren enthält die Mindestanforderungen an das Durchstrahlungsverfahren zur Gewinnung digitaler Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen mit einer Empfindlichkeit für den Nachweis von Unregelmäßigkeiten, die der Radiographie mit Filmen (festgelegt in ISO 17636 1) gleichwertig ist.
Dieses Dokument legt keine Zulässigkeitsgrenzen für Anzeigen in den digitalen Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen fest. ISO 10675 enthält Informationen über Zulässigkeitsgrenzen bei der Prüfung von Schweißnähten (Schweißverbindungen).
Wenn die Vertragspartner niedrigere Prüfkriterien verwenden, ist es möglich, dass die erreichte Güte deutlich niedriger ist als bei strikter Anwendung von diesem Dokument.

Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 2: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériques (ISO 17636-2:2022, Version corrigée 2023-02)

Le présent document spécifie les techniques de radiographie numérique permettant d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants et reproductibles. Les techniques reposent sur une pratique généralement reconnue et sur la théorie fondamentale en la matière.
Le présent document s'applique au contrôle par radiographie numérique des assemblages soudés par fusion de matériaux métalliques. Il s'applique aux assemblages de plaques et de tubes. Outre sa signification conventionnelle, le terme « tube », tel qu'il est utilisé dans le présent document, couvre d'autres corps cylindriques, tels que tuyaux, conduites forcées, réservoirs de chaudières et appareils à pression.
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives au contrôle par radiographie numérique à rayons X et gamma des assemblages soudés de tubes métalliques pour la détection des imperfections, soit par radiographie numérique (CR), soit par radiographie avec des panneaux de détecteurs numériques (DDA). Il comprend un contrôle manuel et automatisé avec des DDA.
Les détecteurs numériques produisent une image numérique en valeurs de gris qui ne peut être visualisée et évaluée qu'à l'aide d'un ordinateur (Annexe E). Le présent document spécifie le mode opératoire recommandé pour le choix des détecteurs et la pratique radiographique. Le choix de l'ordinateur, du logiciel, de l'écran, de l'imprimante et des conditions d'observation est important, mais ne constitue pas le centre d'intérêt du présent document. Le mode opératoire spécifié dans le présent document fournit les exigences minimales pour la pratique radiographique permettant l'exposition et l'acquisition des radiogrammes numériques avec une sensibilité de détection des imperfections équivalente à celle de la radiographie à l'aide de film (spécifiée dans l'ISO 17636‑1).
Le présent document ne spécifie pas les niveaux d'acceptation des indications trouvées sur les radiogrammes numériques. L'ISO 10675 fournit des informations sur les niveaux d'acceptation pour le contrôle des soudures.
Si les parties contractantes appliquent des critères d'essai moins rigoureux, il se peut que la qualité obtenue soit nettement inférieure à celle atteinte par l'application stricte du présent document.

Neporušitveno preskušanje zvarnih spojev - Radiografsko preiskušanje - 2. del: Tehnike z rentgenskimi in gama žarki z uporabo digitalnih detektorjev (ISO 17636-2:2022)

General Information

Status

Published

Publication Date

30-Jan-2023

ICS

25.160.40 - Welded joints and welds

Technical Committee

CEN/TC 121 - Welding

Drafting Committee

CEN/TC 121/WG 21 - Testing of welds

Current Stage

6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing

Start Date

05-Oct-2022

Completion Date

05-Oct-2022

Ref Project

SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023 - Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2022)

Relations

Replaces

EN ISO 17636-2:2013 - Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2013)

Effective Date

08-May-2019

Buy Standard

Standard

EN ISO 17636-2:2023

English language

73 pages

sale 10% off

Preview

sale 10% off

Preview

e-Library read for

1 day

Draft

prEN ISO 17636-2:2021 - BARVE

English language

72 pages

sale 10% off

Preview

sale 10% off

Preview

e-Library read for

1 day

Draft

prEN ISO 17636-2:2021

English language

43 pages

sale 10% off

Preview

sale 10% off

Preview

e-Library read for

1 day

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
01-marec-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2013
Neporušitveno preskušanje zvarnih spojev - Radiografsko preiskušanje - 2. del:

Tehnike z rentgenskimi in gama žarki z uporabo digitalnih detektorjev (ISO 17636-

2:2022)

Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray

techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2022)

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 2:

Röntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit digitalen Detektoren (ISO 17636-2:2022)

Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 2:

Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériques (ISO 17636-
2:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17636-2:2022
ICS:
25.160.40 Varjeni spoji in vari Welded joints and welds
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
EN ISO 17636-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN ISO 17636-2:2013
English Version
Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing -
Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors
(ISO 17636-2:2022)

Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen -

Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 2: Techniques par Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 2: Röntgen- und

rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériques Gammastrahlungstechniken mit digitalen Detektoren

(ISO 17636-2:2022) (ISO 17636-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 August 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this

European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references

concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN

member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by

translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management

Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and

United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
EN ISO 17636-2:2022 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
EN ISO 17636-2:2022 (E)
European foreword

This document (EN ISO 17636-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding

and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied

processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an

identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be

withdrawn at the latest by April 2023.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN ISO 17636-2:2013.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards

body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the

following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,

Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of

North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the

United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 17636-2:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17636-2:2022 without any

modification.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17636-2
Second edition
2022-09
Non-destructive testing of welds —
Radiographic testing —
Part 2:
X- and gamma-ray techniques with
digital detectors
Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés — Contrôle par
radiographie —
Partie 2: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs
numériques
Reference number
ISO 17636-2:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
ISO 17636-2:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
ISO 17636-2:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 S c op e ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Nor m at i ve r ef er enc e s ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4 S ymbols and abbreviated terms..........................................................................................................................................................6

5 Classification of radiographic techniques and compensation principles ...............................................8

5.1 C lassification ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

5.2 C ompensation principles, CP I, CP II or CP III .............................................................................................................. 8

5.2.1 G eneral ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

5.2.2 C ompensation principle I (CP I) ............................................................................................................................ 8

5.2.3 C ompensation principle II (CP II) ........................................................................................................................ 8

5.2.4 C ompensation principle III (CP III) .................................................................................................................... 8

5 . 2 . 5 T he or e t ic a l b ac k g r ou nd .............................................................................................................................................. 9

6 General preparations and requirements ................................................................................................................................... 9

6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation ................................................................................................................................ 9

6.2 S urface preparation and stage of manufacture ........................................................................................................ 9

6.3 L ocation of the weld in the radiograph ............................................................................................................................. 9

6.4 I dentification of radiographs ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

6 . 5 M a rk i n g ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

6.6 O verlap of digital images ............................................................................................................................................................ 10

6.7 T ypes and positions of image quality indicators (IQIs) ................................................................................... 10

6.7.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

6.7.2 Duplex wire IQIs............................................................................................................................................................... 10

6.7.3 Single wire or step-hole IQIs ................................................................................................................................. 10

6.8 E valuation of image quality ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

6.9 M inimum image quality values.............................................................................................................................................12

6.10 Personnel qualification ................................................................................................................................................................ 12

7 R e c om mende d t e c h n ique s .....................................................................................................................................................................13

7.1 Te s t a r r a n g ement s ........................................................................................................................................................................... 13

7.1.1 G eneral .....................................................................................................................................................................................13

7.1.2 S ingle-wall penetration of plane objects (see Figure 1) ............................................................... 14

7.1.3 S ingle-wall penetration of curved objects with the source outside the

object (see Figures 2 to 4) ....................................................................................................................................... 14

7.1.4 S ingle-wall penetration of curved objects with the source inside the object

for panoramic exposure (see Figures 5 to 7) ......................................................................................... 15

7.1.5 Single-wall penetration of curved objects with the source located off-

centre and inside the object (see Figures 8 to 10) ............................................................................. 16

7.1.6 Double-wall penetration and double-image evaluation (DWDI) of pipes
with the elliptic technique and the source and the detector outside the

object (see Figure 11) .................................................................................................................................................. 17

7.1.7 Double-wall penetration and double-image evaluation (DWDI) with the
perpendicular technique and source and detector outside the object (see

Figure 12) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17

7.1.8 D ouble-wall penetration and single-image evaluation (DWSI) of curved

objects for evaluation of the wall next to the detector (see Figures 13 to 16)......... 18

7.1.9 P enetration of objects with different material thicknesses (see Figure 17

to 19) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

7.2 C hoice of tube voltage and radiation source ............................................................................................................. 20

7.2.1 X -ray devices up to 1 000 kV ................................................................................................................................. 20

7.2.2 O ther radiation sources ............................................................................................................................................ 21

7.3 D etector systems and metal screens ............................................................................................................................... 22

7.3.1 Minimum normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR ) ........................................................................22

iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
ISO 17636-2:2022(E)

7.3.2 C ompensation principle II ....................................................................................................................................... 25

7.3.3 Metal screens for IPs and shielding ................................................................................................................ 25

7.4 A lignment of beam ........................................................................................................................................................................... 25

7.5 R eduction of scattered radiation ......................................................................................................................................... 26

7.5.1 Metal filters and collimators ................................................................................................................................ 26

7.5.2 Interception of backscattered radiation .................................................................................................... 26

7. 6 S ou r c e -t o-obje c t d is t a nc e ..........................................................................................................................................................26

7.7 Geometric magnification technique ................................................................................................................................. 33

7.8 M aximum area for a single exposure ..............................................................................................................................34

7.9 P r o c e s s i n g ................................................................................................................................................................................................34

7.9.1 S can and read-out of images .................................................................................................................................34

7.9.2 C orrection of acquired DDA images ............................................................................................................... 35

7.9.3 B ad pixel interpolation .............................................................................................................................................. 35

7.9.4 I m a g e pr o c e s s i n g ............................................................................................................................................................ 35

7.10 M onitor viewing conditions and storage of digital radiographs ............................................................36

8 Te s t r ep or t ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................36

Annex A (normative) Number of exposures for acceptable testing of a circumferential butt

weld .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

Annex B (normative) Minimum image quality values ...................................................................................................................43

Annex C (normative) Determination of basic spatial resolution ........................................................................................51

Annex D (informative) Determination of minimum grey values for CR practice .............................................53

Annex E (informative) Grey values — General remarks .............................................................................................................58

Annex F (informative) Considering the detector unsharpness for f ........................................................................60

min

Annex G (informative) Calculation of recommended X-ray tube voltages from Figure 20 .....................63

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................64

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
ISO 17636-2:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,

Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in collaboration with the European Committee for

Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes, in accordance

with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17636-2:2013), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the normative references have been updated;
— the figures have been updated;

— manual and automated inspection with DDAs has been considered in 6.6, 6.7, and 7.8;

— references to Figures 1 to 19 have been updated throughout the document;

— in 6.7 a), the acceptance of a wire visibility shorter than 10 mm for pipes with an external

diameter < 50 mm has been added;

— in 6.7.1, the use of ASTM wires and other IQIs by agreement of the contracting parties has been

added;
— 6.8, “Evaluation of image quality” for digital radiography has been added;

— in 6.9 and 7.2.2, the lower thickness limit for Se-75 applications has been deleted;

— in 6.8, 6.9 and 7.3.1, a clarification for the IQI usage for DWDI technique has been added;

— permission to reduce SNR if the tube voltage is reduced or energy-resolving detectors are used

to < 80 % of the values given in Figure 20 has been added in 7.3.1;
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
ISO 17636-2:2022(E)

— in 7.3.2, the compensation principle II (CP II) has been extended to three wire pairs without the

agreement of the contracting parties;
— Annex C has been shortened to avoid duplication with ISO 19232-5;
— in D.2, a new note on fading has been added;
— a new Annex F has been added;
— a new Annex G has been added.
A list of all parts in the ISO 17636 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards

body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html. Official

interpretations of ISO/TC 44 documents, where they exist, are available from this page:

https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17636-2:2022(E)
Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing —
Part 2:
X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors
1 S cope

This document specifies techniques of digital radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and

repeatable results. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory

of the subject.

This document applies to the digital radiographic testing of fusion welded joints in metallic materials.

It applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, “pipe”, as used in this

document, covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums and pressure vessels.

This document specifies the requirements for digital radiographic X- and gamma-ray testing by either

computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDAs) of the welded joints

of metallic plates and tubes for the detection of imperfections. It includes manual and automated

inspection with DDAs.

Digital detectors provide a digital grey value image which can be viewed and evaluated using a

computer (Annex E). This document specifies the recommended procedure for detector selection and

radiographic practice. Selection of computer, software, monitor, printer and viewing conditions are

important, but are not the main focus of this document. The procedure specified in this document

provides the minimum requirements for radiographic practice which permits exposure and acquisition

of digital radiographs with equivalent sensitivity for the detection of imperfections as film radiography

(specified in ISO 17636-1).

This document does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the digital

radiographs. ISO 10675 provides information on acceptance levels for weld inspection.

If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved will be significantly

lower than when this document is strictly applied.
2 Normat ive references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 5576, Non-destructive testing — Industrial X-ray and gamma-ray radiology — Vocabulary

ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel

ISO 16371-1:2011, Non-destructive testing — Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor

imaging plates — Part 1: Classification of systems

ISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 1: Determination of the

image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators

ISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 2: Determination of the

image quality value using step/hole-type image quality indicators

ISO 19232-4, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 4: Experimental evaluation

of image quality values and image quality tables
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
ISO 17636-2:2022(E)

ISO 19232-5, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 5: Determination of the

image unsharpness and basic spatial resolution value using duplex wire-type image quality indicators

EN 12543 (all parts), Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems

for use in non-destructive testing

EN 12679, Non-destructive testing — Radiographic testing — Determination of the size of industrial

radiographic gamma sources

ASTM E747, Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image

Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
JIS Z2306, Radiographic image quality indicators for non-destructive testing
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5576 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
computed radiography

complete system comprising a storage phosphor imaging plate (IP) (3.2) and a corresponding read-out

unit (scanner or reader), which converts the information from the IP into a digital image

3.2
storage phosphor imaging plate

photostimulable luminescent material capable of storing a latent radiographic image of a material

being tested and which, upon stimulation by a source of red light of appropriate wavelength, generates

luminescence proportional to radiation absorbed

Note 1 to entry: When performing computed radiography (3.1), an IP is used in lieu of a film. When establishing

techniques related to source size (3.20) or focal geometries, the IP is referred to as a detector, i.e. source-to-

detector distance (3.21).
3.3
digital detector array
DDA

electronic device converting ionizing or penetrating radiation into a discrete array of analogue

signals which are subsequently digitized and transferred to a computer for display as a digital image

corresponding to the radiologic energy pattern imparted upon the input region of the device

3.4
structure noise

local sensitivity variations due to inhomogeneities in the sensitive layer (structure,

graininess) and surface of an imaging plate

Note 1 to entry: After scanning of the exposed imaging plate, the inhomogeneities appear as overlaid fixed

pattern noise in the digital image.

Note 2 to entry: This noise limits the maximum achievable image quality of digital CR images and can be

compared with the graininess in film images.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 17636-2:2023
ISO 17636-2:2022(E
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-2:2021
01-junij-2021
Neporušitveno preskušanje zvarnih spojev - Radiografske preiskave - 2. del:
Tehnike z rentgenskimi in gama žarki z uporabo digitalnih detektorjev (ISO/DIS
17636-2:2021)

Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray

techniques with digital detectors (ISO/DIS 17636-2:2021)

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 2:

Röntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit digitalen Detektoren (ISO/DIS 17636-
2:2021)

Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 2:

Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériques (ISO/DIS 17636-

2:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 17636-2
ICS:
25.160.40 Varjeni spoji in vari Welded joints and welds
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-2:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-2:2021
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-2:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17636-2
ISO/TC 44/SC 5 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-05-05 2021-07-28
Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing —
Part 2:
X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés — Contrôle par radiographie —
Partie 2: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériques
ICS: 25.160.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 17636-2:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-2:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-2 :2021 (E)
ISO/DIS 17636-2:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ vii

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ................................................................................................................... 6

5 Classification of radiographic techniques and compensation principles ........................................ 7

5.1 Classification....................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.2 Compensation principles, CP I, CP II or CP III ........................................................................................... 7

6 General preparations and requirements ................................................................................................... 8

6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation ......................................................................................................... 8

6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture ....................................................................................... 8

6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph ...................................................................................................... 8

6.4 Identification of radiographs......................................................................................................................... 9

6.5 Marking ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

6.6 Overlap of digital images ................................................................................................................................ 9

6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators ..................................................................................... 9

6.7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

6.7.2 Duplex wire IQIs .......................................................................................................................................... 9

6.7.3 Single wire or step hole IQIs ................................................................................................................. 10

6.8 Evaluation of image quality......................................................................................................................... 11

6.9 Minimum image quality values .................................................................................................................. 11

6.10 Personnel qualification .......................................................................................................................... 12

7 Recommended techniques for making digital radiographs .............................................................. 12

7.1 Test arrangements ......................................................................................................................................... 12

7.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 12

7.1.2 Radiation source located in front of the object and with the detector at the opposite

side (see Figure 1) .................................................................................................................................... 13

7.1.3 Radiation source located outside the object and detector inside (see Figures 2 to 4) ....... 13

7.1.4 Radiation source centrally located inside the object and with the detector outside

(see Figures 5 to 7) .................................................................................................................................. 15

7.1.5 Radiation source located off-centre inside the object and detector outside (see

Figures 8 to 10) ......................................................................................................................................... 16

7.1.6 Elliptic technique (see Figure 11) ....................................................................................................... 17

7.1.7 Perpendicular technique (see Figure 12) ......................................................................................... 17

(see Figures 13 to 18) ............................................................................................................................. 17

7.1.9 Technique for different material thicknesses (see Figure 19) .................................................. 19

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

7.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source .......................................................................................... 19

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

7.2.1 X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV ................................................................................................................. 19

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

7.2.2 Other radiation sources ......................................................................................................................... 21

ISO copyright office

7.3 Detector systems and metal screens ........................................................................................................ 22

CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 17636-2:2021
ISO/DIS 17636-2 :2021 (E)
Contents Page