EN 378-1:2016
(Main)Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery of refrigerants.
The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps.
This part of EN 378 specifies the classification and selection criteria applicable to refrigerating systems. These classification and selection criteria are used in parts 2, 3 and 4.
This standard applies:
a) to refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes except to vehicle air conditioning systems covered by a specific product standard e.g. ISO 13043;
b) to secondary cooling or heating systems;
c) to the location of the refrigerating systems;
d) to replaced parts and added components after adoption of this standard if they are not identical in function and in the capacity;
Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E of this European Standard are not covered by this standard.
Annex C specifies how to determine the amount of refrigerant permitted in a given space, which when exceeded, requires additional protective measures to reduce the risk.
Annex E specifies criteria for safety and environmental considerations of different refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning.
This standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems and heat pumps which were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard except for extensions and modifications to the system which were implemented after publication.
This standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems, and for existing stationary systems, being transferred to and operated on another site.
This standard also applies in the case of the conversion of a system to another refrigerant type, in which case conformity to the relevant clauses of parts 1 to 4 of the standard shall be assessed.
Product family standards dealing with the safety of refrigerating systems takes precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen- Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und Auswahlkriterien
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anforderungen an die Sicherheit von Personen und Eigentum fest, liefert eine Anleitung in Hinblick auf den Schutz der Umwelt und enthält Vorgehensweisen für Betrieb, Instandhaltung und Instandsetzung von Kälteanlagen und die Rückgewinnung von Kältemitteln.
Der in dieser Europäischen Norm verwendete Begriff "Kälteanlage" schließt Wärmepumpen mit ein.
Der vorliegende Teil der EN 378 legt die auf Kälteanlagen anwendbare(n) Klassifikation und Auswahlkriterien fest. Die Klassifikation und Auswahlkriterien werden in den Teilen 2, 3 und 4 angewendet.
Diese Norm gilt für:
a) stationäre und ortsveränderliche Kälteanlagen aller Größen, mit Ausnahme von Klimaanlagen in Kraftfahrzeugen, die von bestimmten Produktnormen wie z. B. ISO 13043 abgedeckt werden;
b) indirekte Kühl- oder Heizsysteme;
c) den Aufstellungsort dieser Kälteanlagen;
d) nach der Annahme dieser Norm ersetzte Teile und hinzugefügte Bauteile, sofern sie nicht in Funktion und Leistung identisch sind;
Anlagen mit anderen als den in Anhang E dieser Europäischen Norm aufgeführten Kältemitteln sind nicht Gegenstand dieser Norm.
Anhang C legt fest, wie die in einem gegebenen Raum zulässige Kältemittel-Füllmenge zu bestimmen ist, bei deren Überschreitung zusätzliche Schutzmaßnahmen zur Risikominderung erforderlich sind.
Anhang E legt Kriterien für sicherheits- und umweltbezogene Überlegungen in Bezug auf verschiedene bei Kühlung und Klimatisierung eingesetzte Kältemittel fest.
Diese Norm gilt nicht für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen, die vor dem Datum ihrer Veröffentlichung als Europäische Norm hergestellt wurden, ausgenommen sind im Anschluss an die Veröffentlichung erfolgte Erweiterungen und Modifizierungen an der Anlage.
Die vorliegende Norm gilt für neue Kälteanlagen, Erweiterungen oder Modifizierungen bereits bestehender Anlagen sowie für bestehende stationäre Anlagen, die an einen anderen Standort verbracht und dort betrieben werden.
Diese Norm gilt auch im Falle der Umstellung einer Anlage auf ein anderes Kältemittel; in diesem Fall ist die Konformität mit den zutreffenden Abschnitten der Teile 1 bis 4 der Norm zu beurteilen.
Die Sicherheitsnorm bezüglich der Sicherheit der Produktfamilie Kälteanlagen hat Vorrang gegenüber Sicherheitsfachgrundnormen und Sicherheitsgrundnormen.
Systèmes frigorifiques et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choix
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences relatives à la sécurité des personnes et des biens, fournit des recommandations pour la protection de l'environnement et établit des modes opératoires pour l'exploitation, la maintenance et la réparation des systèmes frigorifiques et la récupération des fluides frigorigènes.
Le terme « système frigorifique » utilisé dans la présente Norme européenne inclut les pompes à chaleur.
La présente partie de l'EN 378 spécifie les critères de classification et de choix applicables aux systèmes frigorifiques. Ces critères sont utilisés dans les parties 2, 3 et 4.
La présente norme s'applique :
a) aux systèmes frigorifiques, fixes ou mobiles, de toutes tailles, excepté les systèmes d'air conditionné embarqués couverts par une norme de produit spécifique telle que l'ISO 13043 ;
b) aux systèmes secondaires de refroidissement ou de chauffage ;
c) à l'emplacement des systèmes frigorifiques ;
d) aux pièces remplacées et composants ajoutés après l'adoption de la présente norme, si leur fonction ou leur capacité n'est pas identique.
Les systèmes utilisant des fluides frigorigènes autres que ceux mentionnés en Annexe E de la présente Norme européenne ne sont pas couverts par la présente norme.
L'Annexe C spécifie la méthode permettant de déterminer la quantité de fluide frigorigène admise dans un espace donné qui, lorsqu'elle est dépassée, exige des mesures de protection supplémentaires pour réduire les risques.
L'Annexe E spécifie les critères relatifs à la sécurité et aux aspects environnementaux de différents fluides frigorigènes utilisés en réfrigération et climatisation.
La présente norme n'est pas applicable aux systèmes frigorifiques et pompes à chaleur fabriqués avant sa date de publication en tant que Norme européenne, à l'exception des extensions et modifications du système mises en oeuvre après la publication.
La présente norme s'applique aux systèmes frigorifiques neufs, aux extensions ou modifications de systèmes existants et, pour les systèmes fixes existants, aux systèmes transférés et exploités sur un autre site.
La présente norme s'applique également en cas de transformation d'un système pour un autre type de fluide frigorigène, auquel cas la conformité aux articles applicables des parties 1 à 4 de la norme doit être évaluée.
Les normes de familles de produits traitant de la sécurité des systèmes frigorifiques prennent le pas sur les normes horizontales et génériques couvrant le même sujet.
Hladilni sistemi in toplotne črpalke - Varnostnotehnične in okoljevarstvene zahteve - 1. del: Osnovne zahteve, definicije, razvrstitve in kriteriji za izbiro
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za varnost oseb in premoženja, določa smernice za varstvo okolja ter določa postopke za delovanje, vzdrževanje in popravilo hladilnih sistemov ter izpraznitev hladilnih sredstev.
Pojem »hladilni sistem« v tem evropskem standardu zajema tudi toplotne črpalke.
Ta del standarda EN 378 določa merila za razvrstitev in izbiro ustreznih hladilnih sistemov. Ta merila za razvrstitev in izbiro so uporabljena v delih 2, 3 in 4.
Ta standard se uporablja za:
a) hladilne sisteme, nepremični ali premične, vseh velikosti, razen klimatskih naprav cestnih vozil, ki jih zajemajo posebni standardi za proizvode, kot sta ISO/DIS 13043 in SAE J 639;
b) sekundarne hladilne ali ogrevalne sisteme;
c) mesto postavitve teh hladilnih sistemov; in
d) dele in komponente, ki so bili zamenjani in dodani po sprejetju tega standarda, če nimajo enake funkcije in zmogljivosti.
Sistemi, ki uporabljajo hladilna sredstva, ki niso navedena v dodatku E tega evropskega standarda (ali standarda ISO/FDIS 817:2013), niso zajeti v tem standardu.
Dodatek C opredeljuje, kako določiti količino hladilnega sredstva, ki je dovoljena v nekem prostoru in za katero so, ko je presežena, potrebni dodatni zaščitni ukrepi za zmanjšanje tveganja.
Dodatek E določa merila za varnost in okoljske vidike različnih hladilnih sredstev, ki se uporabljajo za hlajenje in hlajenje s klimatskimi napravami.
Ta standard se ne uporablja za hladilne sisteme in toplotne črpalke, ki so bile izdelane pred datumom objave standarda kot evropskega standarda, razen za razširitve in spremembe sistema, ki so bile uvedene po objavi.
Ta standard se uporablja za nove hladilne sisteme, razširitve ali spremembe že obstoječih sistemov in za obstoječe stacionarne sisteme, ki se prenesejo in upravljajo na drugem mestu postavitve.
Ta standard se uporablja tudi v primeru predelave sistema za drugo vrsto hladilnega sredstva, pri čemer je treba oceniti skladnost z ustreznimi točkami delov 1–4 tega standarda.
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 378-1:2016 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies the requirements for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery of refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. This part of EN 378 specifies the classification and selection criteria applicable to refrigerating systems. These classification and selection criteria are used in parts 2, 3 and 4. This standard applies: a) to refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes except to vehicle air conditioning systems covered by a specific product standard e.g. ISO 13043; b) to secondary cooling or heating systems; c) to the location of the refrigerating systems; d) to replaced parts and added components after adoption of this standard if they are not identical in function and in the capacity; Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E of this European Standard are not covered by this standard. Annex C specifies how to determine the amount of refrigerant permitted in a given space, which when exceeded, requires additional protective measures to reduce the risk. Annex E specifies criteria for safety and environmental considerations of different refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning. This standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems and heat pumps which were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard except for extensions and modifications to the system which were implemented after publication. This standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems, and for existing stationary systems, being transferred to and operated on another site. This standard also applies in the case of the conversion of a system to another refrigerant type, in which case conformity to the relevant clauses of parts 1 to 4 of the standard shall be assessed. Product family standards dealing with the safety of refrigerating systems takes precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
This European Standard specifies the requirements for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery of refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. This part of EN 378 specifies the classification and selection criteria applicable to refrigerating systems. These classification and selection criteria are used in parts 2, 3 and 4. This standard applies: a) to refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes except to vehicle air conditioning systems covered by a specific product standard e.g. ISO 13043; b) to secondary cooling or heating systems; c) to the location of the refrigerating systems; d) to replaced parts and added components after adoption of this standard if they are not identical in function and in the capacity; Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E of this European Standard are not covered by this standard. Annex C specifies how to determine the amount of refrigerant permitted in a given space, which when exceeded, requires additional protective measures to reduce the risk. Annex E specifies criteria for safety and environmental considerations of different refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning. This standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems and heat pumps which were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard except for extensions and modifications to the system which were implemented after publication. This standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems, and for existing stationary systems, being transferred to and operated on another site. This standard also applies in the case of the conversion of a system to another refrigerant type, in which case conformity to the relevant clauses of parts 1 to 4 of the standard shall be assessed. Product family standards dealing with the safety of refrigerating systems takes precedence over horizontal and generic standards covering the same subject.
EN 378-1:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 01.040.27 - Energy and heat transfer engineering (Vocabularies); 27.080 - Heat pumps; 27.200 - Refrigerating technology. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 378-1:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 378-1:2008+A2:2012, EN 378-1:2016+A1:2020, EN 378-1:2016/FprA1, EN 378-1:2008+A1:2010. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 378-1:2016 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 97/23/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/071. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 1: Grundlegende Anforderungen, Begriffe, Klassifikationen und AuswahlkriterienSystèmes frigorifiques et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et d'environnement - Partie 1: Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de choixRefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria27.200Hladilna tehnologijaRefrigerating technology27.080Heat pumps01.040.27Prenos energije in toplote (Slovarji)Energy and heat transfer engineering (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 378-1:2016SIST EN 378-1:2017en,fr,de01-februar-2017SIST EN 378-1:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 378-1:2008+A2:20121DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 378-1
November
t r s x ICS
r sä r v rä t yâ
t yä r z râ
t yä t r r Supersedes EN
u y zæ sã t r r z ªA tã t r s tEnglish Version
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps æ Safety and environmental requirements æ Part
sã Basic requirementsá definitionsá classification and selection criteria Systèmes frigorifiques et pompes à chaleur æ Exigences de sécurité et d 5environnement æ Partie
sã Exigences de baseá définitionsá classification et critères de choix
Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpenæ Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen æ Teil
sã Grundlegende Anforderungená Begriffeá Klassifikationen und Auswahlkriterien This European Standard was approved by CEN on
u September
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey andUnited Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s x CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
u y zæ sã t r s x ESIST EN 378-1:2017
Equivalent terms in English, French and German . 30 Annex B (informative)
Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) . 34 Annex C (normative)
Refrigerant charge limit requirements . 37 C.1 Charge limits requirements for refrigerating systems. 37 C.2 Charge limitations due to flammability for air conditioning systems or heat pumps for human comfort . 43 C.2.1 Refrigerant-containing parts in a occupied space . 43 C.2.2 Special requirements for non fixed factory sealed single package air conditioning systems or heat pumps with a limited charge . 43 C.3 Alternative for risk management of refrigerating systems in occupied spaces . 44 C.3.1 General . 44 C.3.2 Allowable charge . 45 SIST EN 378-1:2017
Protection for people who are inside cold rooms . 48 D.1 General . 48 D.2 Operation of doors and emergency exit doors . 48 D.3 Emergency switch or signal . 48 D.4 Cold rooms with a controlled atmosphere . 49 Annex E (normative)
Safety classification and information about refrigerants . 50 Annex F (normative)
Special requirements for ice rinks . 61 F.1 Indoor ice rinks . 61 F.2 Outdoor ice rinks and installations for similar sporting activities . 61 Annex G (informative)
Potential hazards for refrigerating systems. 62 Annex H (informative)
Calculation examples related to C.2 and C.3. 64 H.1 Example 1 for C.2.1 . 64 H.2 Example 2 for C.2.1 . 64 H.3 Example 3 for C.3 . 64 H.4 Example 4 for C.3 . 64 Bibliography . 66
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE See informative Annex A for equivalent terms in English, French and German. 3.1 Refrigerating systems 3.1.1 refrigerating system heat pump combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed circuit in which the refrigerant is circulated for the purpose of extracting and delivering heat (i.e. cooling and heating) 3.1.2 self-contained system complete factory-made refrigerating system in a suitable frame and/or enclosure, that is fabricated and transported complete, or in two or more sections and in which no refrigerant-containing parts are connected on site other than by isolation valves, such as companion valves 3.1.3 unit system self-contained system that has been assembled, filled ready for use and tested prior to its installation and is installed without the need for connecting any refrigerant-containing parts Note 1 to entry: A unit system can include factory assembled companion valves. 3.1.4 limit charged system refrigerating system in which the internal volume and total refrigerant charge are such that, with the system idle, the allowable pressure will not be exceeded when complete evaporation of the refrigerant occurs 3.1.5 sorption system refrigerating system in which refrigeration is effected by evaporation of a refrigerant, the vapour then being absorbed or adsorbed by an absorbent or adsorbent medium respectively, from which it is subsequently expelled at a higher partial vapour pressure by heating and then liquefied by cooling 3.1.6 secondary cooling or heating system system employing a fluid which transfers heat from the product or spaces to be cooled or heated or from another cooling or heating system to the refrigerating system without compression and expansion of the fluid SIST EN 378-1:2017
coils (including their headers) consisting of pipes with air as secondary fluid;
piping and its valves, joints and fittings;
control devices;
pressure switches, gauges, liquid indicators;
safety valves, fusible plugs, bursting discs;
equipment comprising casings or machinery where the dimensioning, choice of material and manufacturing rules are based primarily on requirements for sufficient strength, rigidity and stability to meet the static and dynamic operational effects or other operational characteristics and for which pressure is not a significant design factor. Such equipment may include: pumps and compressors Note 1 to entry: The semi-hermetic and open type compressors used in refrigerating systems may be subject to the exclusion article 1.2.j of the Directive 2014/68/EU by referring to the working party group guidelines WPG 1/11, 1/12 and 2/34. The compressor manufacturer needs to decide on the basis of a case by case assessment, if the exclusion article 1.2.j of the Directive 2014/68/EU is applicable. Note 2 to entry: This definition is aligned to directive 2014/68 EU. 3.4.9 condenser heat exchanger in which refrigerant vapour is liquefied by removal of heat 3.4.10 gas cooler heat exchanger in a transcritical system in which supercritical refrigerant is cooled by removal of heat 3.4.11 receiver vessel permanently connected to a system by inlet and outlet pipes for accumulation of liquid refrigerant 3.4.12 accumulator vessel capable of holding liquid refrigerant and permanently connected between the exit of the evaporator and suction of the compressor 3.4.13 evaporator heat exchanger in which liquid refrigerant is vaporised by absorbing heat from the substance to be cooled 3.4.14 coil or grid component of the refrigerating system constructed from pipes or tubes suitably connected and serving as a heat exchanger (e.g. evaporator or condenser) SIST EN 378-1:2017
h Height metre m SIST EN 378-1:2017
...
Die Norm EN 378-1:2016 legt die grundlegenden Anforderungen, Definitionen, Klassifizierungs- und Auswahlkriterien für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen fest und bietet damit eine solide Grundlage für die Sicherheit und den Umweltschutz in diesem Bereich. Der Anwendungsbereich ist umfassend, da er stationäre und mobile Kälteanlagen aller Größen umfasst, mit Ausnahme von Fahrzeugklimaanlagen, die durch spezifische Produktnormen wie ISO 13043 geregelt sind. Eine der Stärken dieser Norm ist ihre klare Struktur, die nicht nur die Sicherheitsanforderungen für Personen und Eigentum spezifiziert, sondern auch Leitlinien zum Schutz der Umwelt gibt. Insbesondere die detaillierten Klassifizierungs- und Auswahlkriterien, die in den nachfolgenden Teilen der Norm verwendet werden, bieten eine hilfreiche Orientierung für Hersteller und Betreiber von Kälteanlagen. Ein weiterer relevanter Aspekt ist die Berücksichtigung von bestehenden und neuentwickelten Systemen. Die Norm ist sowohl für neue Kälteanlagen als auch für Erweiterungen bzw. Modifikationen bestehender Systeme anwendbar, was ihre Relevanz für die Industrie erhöht. Darüber hinaus wird auch auf die Lage der Kälteanlagen und auf die Sicherheit von Ersatz- oder Zusatzkomponenten eingegangen, was die umfassende Betrachtung der gesamten Lebensdauer eines Systems widerspiegelt. Die Anhänge der Norm tragen zusätzlich zur Sicherheit und Effizienz bei. Annex C behandelt die Ermittlung der zulässigen Menge an Kältemittel in bestimmten Räumen und stellt sicher, dass, wenn diese Menge überschritten wird, angemessene Schutzmaßnahmen ergriffen werden. Annex E legt die Kriterien für Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzüberlegungen zu verschiedenen Kältemitteln fest, was besonders wichtig ist, um die Umweltauswirkungen von Kälte- und Klimaanlagen zu minimieren. Zusammenfassend bietet die EN 378-1:2016 eine umfassende und gut durchdachte Grundlage für die Sicherheit und den Umweltschutz von Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen. Die klar definierten Anforderungen und praxisorientierten Kriterien machen sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Werkzeug für alle, die in diesem Bereich tätig sind.
SIST EN 378-1:2017 표준은 냉각 시스템 및 히트 펌프의 안전 및 환경 요구사항을 다루는 중요한 문서로, 사용자의 안전과 재산 보호, 환경 보호를 위한 지침을 제공합니다. 이 표준은 냉각 시스템과 히트 펌프를 포함한 다양한 범위에 적합하며, 동종의 냉각 시스템의 분류 및 선택 기준을 명확히 규명하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 사용자에게 명확한 안전 요구사항을 제시하며, 냉매의 회수 및 시스템의 운영, 유지보수, 수리에 대한 절차를 규정하고 있다는 점입니다. 특히 Annex C는 주어진 공간에서 허용되는 냉매의 양을 판단하는 방법을 제시하여, 안전 문제를 사전에 예방할 수 있도록 돕습니다. 또한, Annex E는 냉각 및 공조에 사용되는 다양한 냉매의 안전 및 환경 고려사항을 명시하여, 냉매 선택 시 신뢰할 수 있는 기준을 제공합니다. 이 표준은 재정의된 부품이나 구성 요소에 대해서도 적용되며, 새로 설치되는 냉각 시스템과 기존 시스템의 확장 또는 변형에도 해당됩니다. 이는 업계에서의 지속 가능한 운영과 안전한 작업 환경 조성을 위해 매우 중요합니다. 종합적으로 볼 때, SIST EN 378-1:2017은 냉각 시스템 및 히트 펌프의 안전성 및 환경 친화성을 보장하는 데 필수적인 가이드라인을 제공하며, 이를 통해 업계의 규제 준수와 공공의 안전을 높이는 데 기여하고 있습니다. 이러한 특성 덕분에 해당 표준은 냉각 시스템의 범위 내에서 현실적으로 매우 중요한 기준으로 자리 잡고 있습니다.
The EN 378-1:2016 standard serves as a robust framework for ensuring the safety and environmental requirements for refrigerating systems and heat pumps, encompassing essential details that govern the operations of such systems. Its broad scope effectively covers stationary and mobile refrigerating systems of all sizes, while explicitly excluding vehicle air conditioning systems addressed by specific standards like ISO 13043. One of the notable strengths of this standard is its comprehensive definitions and classification criteria, which provide a clear pathway for the safe operation, maintenance, and repair of refrigerating systems. By including guidelines on the recovery of refrigerants, it directly contributes to environmental protection, reinforcing its relevance in today's climate-conscious landscape. Furthermore, the standard delineates its applicability to various installation contexts, whether for new systems, extensions, or modifications of existing setups. This adaptability is crucial for stakeholders in the refrigeration industry, particularly in the context of converting systems to different refrigerant types, which necessitates adherence to established safety criteria. The inclusion of detailed annexes enhances the standard's functionality: Annex C outlines the determination of permissible refrigerant quantities, while Annex E assesses safety and environmental impacts of various refrigerants. This rich repository of information not only aids in compliance but also ensures an ongoing commitment to safety for personnel and property. Overall, EN 378-1:2016 stands out as a pivotal standard that balances operational effectiveness with stringent adherence to safety and environmental protocols, making it highly relevant in the continuously evolving field of refrigeration technology. The clear guidelines and criteria set forth are instrumental for manufacturers and operators striving to maintain best practices within their refrigerating systems.
La norme EN 378-1:2016, intitulée "Systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Exigences de sécurité et environnementales - Partie 1 : Exigences de base, définitions, classification et critères de sélection", est un document fondamental qui établit des dispositions précises pour assurer la sécurité des systèmes de réfrigération. Le champ d'application de cette norme est vaste. Elle s'applique à tous les systèmes de réfrigération, qu'ils soient stationnaires ou mobiles, à l'exception des systèmes de climatisation de véhicule couverts par une norme produit spécifique. De plus, elle inclut les systèmes de refroidissement et de chauffage secondaires, ce qui souligne son adaptabilité à différentes configurations et usages. L'un des points forts de cette norme est sa capacité à définir des critères de classification et de sélection clairs pour les systèmes de réfrigération. Ces critères sont essentiels pour garantir que les systèmes soient choisis et installés conformément aux exigences de sécurité et environnementales. En ce sens, la norme EN 378-1 contribue à la protection des personnes et des biens, tout en offrant des directives précises pour l'opération, la maintenance et la réparation des systèmes de réfrigération. Un autre aspect important est l’attention portée à la récupération des réfrigérants et à l'impact environnemental. L'Annexe C, qui précise la méthode permettant de déterminer la quantité de réfrigérant autorisée dans un espace donné, est cruciale pour réduire les risques potentiels liés à des fuites. L'Annexe E, quant à elle, offre des critères spécifiques pour les considérations de sécurité et environnementales des différents réfrigérants, ce qui renforce davantage l'engagement de cette norme envers la durabilité. En matière de conformité, la norme est applicable aux nouveaux systèmes de réfrigération ainsi qu'aux extensions ou modifications des systèmes existants. Cela montre une approche dynamique, adaptée à l'évolution des technologies et aux besoins actuels des utilisateurs de systèmes de réfrigération. En résumé, la norme EN 378-1:2016 se distingue par ses exigences claires et précises, son application étendue et sa capacité à intégrer des considérations environnementales essentielles dans la gestion des systèmes de réfrigération. Ces caractéristiques en font un document clé pour les professionnels du secteur, garantissant non seulement la sécurité, mais également la conformité aux normes environnementales.
この標準化文書「EN 378-1:2016」は、冷凍システムおよびヒートポンプの安全性と環境要件に関する基本的な要件、定義、分類、選定基準を規定しています。広範な適用範囲を持ち、さまざまなサイズの冷凍システムに対して安全要件を明確に示しています。この標準は、特に冷凍システムの運用、保守、修理、および冷媒の回収に関する手順を提供し、個人や財産を保護するためのガイダンスを含む点が評価されます。 この標準の強みの一つは、その包括的な分類と選定基準です。これにより、冷凍システムの設計や運用におけるリスクを軽減し、環境への影響を最小限に抑えることが可能です。特に、冷媒の種類に関する安全性と環境への配慮に関して、附属書Eで具体的な基準を設けている点は、冷凍・空調業界における重要な指針となっています。 また、附属書Cによって設定された冷媒が許容される量の評価方法は、冷凍システムの安全確保に貢献し、過剰な冷媒の使用がもたらすリスクを軽減する手助けをします。このような具体的な基準が設けられていることで、冷凍システムの設計者や施行者は、実務において必要な基準を容易に遵守できるようになります。 さらに、この標準は新しい冷凍システムだけでなく、既存のシステムの拡張や改造にも適用されるため、持続可能性の観点からも関連性が高いです。特に、運用する場所が変更された場合や異なる冷媒タイプにシステムが変更された場合でも、この標準が求める基準に適合させることが求められます。 総じて、「EN 378-1:2016」は冷凍システムの安全性と環境保護のための重要なガイドラインを提供しており、冷凍および空調業界における標準の遵守が、技術進歩とともに要求される中での重要な基盤を形成しています。
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