EN 15410:2011
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)
This European Standard specifies three methods of digestion for solid recovered fuels:
a) microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture;
b) hot water bath digestion of with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture, after ashing of the SRFs sample;
c) oven digestion with nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acid mixture.
Instrumental determination of Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, and Ti is performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry with optical detection or other suitable spectroscopic techniques such as Flame Atomic Spectroscopy.
The effectiveness of the digestion can be verified by qualitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis on the remaining residue. If necessary an alternative digestion method (among those proposed) shall be used.
XRF can be used for the analysis of Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, Ti, after ashing (550 °C) of the sample: other elements can be analysed by XRF provided that the concentration levels are above the instrumental detection limits of the XRF instrumentation and after proper preliminary testing.
Method a) is recommended for general use, but the amount of the test portion can be very low in case of high concentration of organic matter. Method b) is recommended for SRFs with high organic matter concentration that can be difficult to digest with the other methods.
Method c) is recommended for SRFs samples for which the other methods leave a significant insoluble residue.
All the listed methods are suitable for the determination of Si, provided that closed containers are used for sample dissolution. XRF is highly recommended for Si, P and Ti analysis.
Alternative digestion methods can be applied if their performance is proved to be comparable with those of the methods mentioned in a) to c) (see Annex C).
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Hauptelementen (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)
Diese Europäische Norm legt drei Aufschlussverfahren für feste Sekundärbrennstoffe fest:
a) Aufschluss mittels Mikrowellengerät mit einem Gemisch aus Fluorwasserstoffsäure, Salpetersäure und Salzsäure;
b) Aufschluss im Warmwasserbad mit einem Gemisch aus Fluorwasserstoffsäure, Salpetersäure und Salz-säure, nach der Veraschung der SRF-Probe;
c) Aufschluss im Ofen mit einem Gemisch aus Salpetersäure, Perchlorsäure und Fluorwasserstoffsäure.
Die instrumentelle Bestimmung von Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P und Ti erfolgt durch optische Emissions-spektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma oder durch ein anderes geeignetes spektrometrisches Verfahren wie z. B. Flammen-Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie.
Die Wirksamkeit des Aufschlusses kann durch qualitative Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA) an dem verblie-benen Rückstand verifiziert werden. Falls notwendig, muss ein alternatives Aufschlussverfahren (aus den vorgeschlagenen) eingesetzt werden.
RFA kann für die Analyse von Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P und Ti nach der Veraschung (550 °C) der Probe angewendet werden: Weitere Elemente können mit RFA analysiert werden, vorausgesetzt, dass die Konzen-trationswerte oberhalb der Nachweisgrenzen der Geräte der RFA-Ausrüstung liegen, und nach einer geeig-neten Voruntersuchung.
Verfahren a) wird für die allgemeine Anwendung empfohlen, jedoch kann der Umfang der Prüfmenge im Fall einer hohen Konzentration von organischen Substanzen sehr gering sein. Verfahren b) wird für SRF mit einer hohen Konzentration von organischen Substanzen empfohlen, die mit anderen Verfahren möglicherweise schwer aufzuschließen sind.
Verfahren c) wird für SRF-Proben empfohlen, bei denen nach den anderen Verfahren ein signifikanter unlös-licher Rückstand verbleibt.
Sämtliche aufgeführten Verfahren sind für die Bestimmung von Si geeignet, vorausgesetzt, dass für das Auf-lösen der Proben geschlossene Behälter verwendet werden. RFA ist sehr für die Analyse von Si, P und Ti zu empfehlen.
Alternative Aufschlussverfahren können angewendet werden, wenn deren Leistungsverhalten nachweislich mit dem Leistungsverhalten der in a) bis c) angeführten Verfahren vergleichbar ist (siehe Anhang C).
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthode de détermination de la teneur en éléments majeurs (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si et Ti)
La présente Norme européenne spécifie trois méthodes de digestion des combustibles solides de récupération :
a) la digestion assistée par micro-ondes avec un mélange d’acides fluorhydrique, nitrique et chlorhydrique ;
b) la digestion dans un bain d’eau chaude avec un mélange d’acides fluorhydrique, nitrique et chlorhydrique,
après réduction à l’état de cendre de l’échantillon de combustibles solides de récupération ;
c) la digestion dans un four avec un mélange d’acides nitrique, perchlorique et fluorhydrique.
La détermination par des instruments du Si, de l’Al, du K, du Na, du Ca, du Mg, du Fe, du P et du Ti est effectuée
par la spectrométrie avec plasma couplé par induction avec détection optique ou d’autres techniques
spectroscopiques appropriées telles que la spectroscopie atomique à la flamme.
L’efficacité de la digestion peut être vérifiée par une analyse qualitative par la fluorescence de rayons X (XRF) sur
le résidu restant. Si nécessaire, une autre méthode de digestion (parmi celles proposées) doit être utilisée.
La fluorescence de rayons X peut être utilisée pour l’analyse du Si, de l’Al, du K, du Na, du Ca, du Mg, du Fe, P, Ti,
après réduction à l’état de cendre (550 °C) de l’échantillon : d’autres éléments peuvent être analysés par
fluorescence de rayons X à la condition que les niveaux de concentration soient supérieurs aux limites de la
détection instrumentale par l’instrumentation par fluorescence de rayons X et après les essais préliminaires
appropriés.
La méthode a) est recommandée pour une utilisation générale, mais la quantité de la prise d’essai peut être très
faible dans le cas d’une concentration élevée en matières organiques. La méthode b) est recommandée pour les
combustibles solides de récupération (CSR) présentant une concentration élevée en matières organiques qui peut
être difficile à digérer avec les autres méthodes.
La méthode c) est recommandée pour les échantillons de combustibles solides de récupération pour lesquels les
autres méthodes laissent un résidu insoluble significatif.
Toutes les méthodes énumérées conviennent à la détermination du Si, à condition d’utiliser des récipients fermés
pour la dissolution de l’échantillon. La fluorescence de rayons X est fortement recommandée pour les analyses du
Si, du P et du Ti.
D’autres méthodes de digestion peuvent être appliquées si leur performance s’avère compatible avec celle des
méthodes mentionnées de a) à c). Voir Annexe C).
Trdna alternativna goriva - Metode za določevanje glavnih elementov (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)
Ta evropski standard določa tri metode razklopa trdnih alternativnih goriv: a) razklop z mikrovali z mešanico fluorovodikove, dušikove in klorovodikove kisline; b) razklop v vroči vodni kopeli z mešanico fluorovodikove, dušikove in klorovodikove kisline po žarjenju vzorca trdnega alternativnega goriva; c) razklop v pečici z mešanico dušikove, perklorne in fluorovodikove kisline. Instrumentalno določevanje Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P in Ti se izvaja s spektrometrijo z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo z optično detekcijo ali drugimi ustreznimi spektroskopskimi tehnikami, npr. plamensko atomsko spektroskopijo. Učinkovitost razklopa se lahko preverja s kvalitativno rentgensko fluorescenčno (XRF) analizo ostanka. Po potrebi se mora uporabiti alternativna metoda razklopa (izmed predlaganih). XRF se lahko uporablja za analizo Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, Ti po žarjenju (550 °C) vzorca: drugi elementi se lahko analizirajo z XRF, če je koncentracija nad mejo zaznavanja instrumenta za XRF, in po ustreznem preliminarnem preskušanju. Metoda a) se priporoča za splošno uporabo, vendar je količina preskusnega odmerka pri visoki koncentraciji organske snovi lahko zelo nizka. Metoda b) se priporoča za trdna alternativna goriva z visoko koncentracijo organske snovi, ki jo je z drugimi metodami težko razklopiti. Metoda c) se priporoča za vzorce trdnih alternativnih goriv, pri katerih druge metode pustijo precejšen netopen ostanek. Vse navedene metode so primerne za določevanje Si, če se za raztapljanje vzorca uporabljajo zaprti vsebniki. XRF se močno priporoča za analizo Si, P in Ti.
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 06-Sep-2011
- Withdrawal Date
- 29-Apr-2025
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 343 - Solid Recovered Fuels
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 343/WG 5 - Chemical Tests
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
- Start Date
- 07-Sep-2011
- Due Date
- 17-Dec-2011
- Completion Date
- 07-Sep-2011
Relations
- Effective Date
- 10-Sep-2011
- Effective Date
- 18-Jan-2023
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 15410:2011 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies three methods of digestion for solid recovered fuels: a) microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture; b) hot water bath digestion of with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture, after ashing of the SRFs sample; c) oven digestion with nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acid mixture. Instrumental determination of Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, and Ti is performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry with optical detection or other suitable spectroscopic techniques such as Flame Atomic Spectroscopy. The effectiveness of the digestion can be verified by qualitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis on the remaining residue. If necessary an alternative digestion method (among those proposed) shall be used. XRF can be used for the analysis of Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, Ti, after ashing (550 °C) of the sample: other elements can be analysed by XRF provided that the concentration levels are above the instrumental detection limits of the XRF instrumentation and after proper preliminary testing. Method a) is recommended for general use, but the amount of the test portion can be very low in case of high concentration of organic matter. Method b) is recommended for SRFs with high organic matter concentration that can be difficult to digest with the other methods. Method c) is recommended for SRFs samples for which the other methods leave a significant insoluble residue. All the listed methods are suitable for the determination of Si, provided that closed containers are used for sample dissolution. XRF is highly recommended for Si, P and Ti analysis. Alternative digestion methods can be applied if their performance is proved to be comparable with those of the methods mentioned in a) to c) (see Annex C).
This European Standard specifies three methods of digestion for solid recovered fuels: a) microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture; b) hot water bath digestion of with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture, after ashing of the SRFs sample; c) oven digestion with nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acid mixture. Instrumental determination of Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, and Ti is performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry with optical detection or other suitable spectroscopic techniques such as Flame Atomic Spectroscopy. The effectiveness of the digestion can be verified by qualitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis on the remaining residue. If necessary an alternative digestion method (among those proposed) shall be used. XRF can be used for the analysis of Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, Ti, after ashing (550 °C) of the sample: other elements can be analysed by XRF provided that the concentration levels are above the instrumental detection limits of the XRF instrumentation and after proper preliminary testing. Method a) is recommended for general use, but the amount of the test portion can be very low in case of high concentration of organic matter. Method b) is recommended for SRFs with high organic matter concentration that can be difficult to digest with the other methods. Method c) is recommended for SRFs samples for which the other methods leave a significant insoluble residue. All the listed methods are suitable for the determination of Si, provided that closed containers are used for sample dissolution. XRF is highly recommended for Si, P and Ti analysis. Alternative digestion methods can be applied if their performance is proved to be comparable with those of the methods mentioned in a) to c) (see Annex C).
EN 15410:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels; 75.160.40 - Biofuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 15410:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to CEN/TS 15410:2006, EN ISO 3884:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 15410:2011 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/325. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN 15410:2011 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Hauptbestandteilen (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la teneur en élémentes majeurs (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si et Ti)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15410:2011SIST EN 15410:2011en,de01-november-2011SIST EN 15410:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15410:20071DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15410
September 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15410:2006English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Pour la détermination de la teneur en éléments majeurs (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si et Ti)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Hauptbestandteilen (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15410:2011: ESIST EN 15410:2011
Guidelines - Characteristics of the laboratory sample for chemical analysis of SRF . 12Annex B (informative)
Performance data . 14Annex C (informative)
Major results of ruggedness testing . 23Bibliography . 27
The glassware used in the digestion procedure should be accurately pre-cleaned with 10 % nitric acid solution. SIST EN 15410:2011
Argon (Ar), with a minimum purity of 99,99 %. 8 Procedure 8.1 Sample conservation and pre-treatment The laboratory samples shall be stored according to guidelines defined in Annex A. It is advisable to contact the people performing the sampling in order to agree a procedure for the laboratory sample preparation and storage before delivering to the laboratory. In particular, any treatment procedure which can increase the temperature of the material above 40 °C should be avoided, in order to avoid significant loss of mercury or other volatile compounds. Furthermore, any possible source of contamination during the laboratory sample preparation (e.g. grinding with metallic apparatus) shall be avoided or reduced as much as possible. The laboratory sample should be stored and delivered in sealed high-density plastic containers. 8.2 Sample preparation The test portion shall be prepared from the laboratory sample according to EN 15413. In addition, for the purposes of this method, the target size should be 1 mm or below. Depending on the used digestion method, the amount of test portion ranges between 0,2 and 0,5 g. Ash sample for XRF analysis are prepared as described in the method reported in EN 15403, starting from a quantity of material to obtain the amount of ash sufficient for the analysis (ash content can be as low as few percent on dry basis). Whereas the determination is carried out on a dry basis, the moisture content shall be determined according to EN 15414-3. SIST EN 15410:2011
...
기사 제목: EN 15410:2011 - 고형 연료 회수 - 주요 원소(Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti) 함량 측정 방법 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 고형 연료 회수에 대한 세 가지 소화 방법을 규정합니다: a) 히드로플루오릭, 질산 및 염산 혼합물로 이루어진 전자파 지원 소화; b) SRFs 샘플의 연소 후 히드로플루오릭, 질산 및 염산 혼합물로 된 온수 욕조 소화; c) 질산, 퍼클로르산 및 히드로플루오릭 산 혼합물로 이루어진 오븐 소화. Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P 및 Ti의 기기적 측정은 광학 검출을 통해 인덕티브 결합 등 프라즈마 분광학 또는 다른 적합한 분광기 기술을 사용하여 수행됩니다. 소화의 효과는 잔여 잔여물을 대상으로 X선 형광 분석(qualitative X-ray fluorescence, XRF)를 통해 확인할 수 있습니다. 필요한 경우 제안된 방법 중 대체 소화 방법을 사용해야 합니다. 샘플의 연소(550°C) 후 XRF는 Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, Ti 분석에 사용될 수 있습니다. 다른 원소는 XRF 기기의 탐지 한계 이상의 농도 수준 및 적절한 예비 실험 이후에 XRF로 분석할 수 있습니다. a) 방법은 일반적인 사용을 권장하지만 유기 물질의 농도가 높은 경우 시험 샘플의 양은 매우 적을 수 있습니다. b) 방법은 다른 방법으로 소화가 어려운 농도가 높은 유기 물질을 함유한 SRFs에 권장됩니다. c) 방법은 다른 방법으로는 해결되지 않는 SRFs 샘플에 권장됩니다. 모든 목록에 있는 방법은 샘플 용해에 폐쇄 용기가 사용된다면 Si의 결정에 적합합니다. Si, P 및 Ti 분석을 위해 XRF가 강력하게 권장됩니다. 대체 소화 방법은 a)부터 c)에 언급된 방법들과 성능이 유사하다고 입증된 경우에도 적용될 수 있습니다.
The article discusses the methods for determining the major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti) in solid recovered fuels (SRFs) according to the European Standard EN 15410:2011. Three digestion methods are specified: microwave assisted digestion, hot water bath digestion, and oven digestion. The instrumental determination of the elements is done using techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry or Flame Atomic Spectroscopy. X-ray fluorescence analysis can be used to verify the effectiveness of the digestion. XRF can also be used for the analysis of Si, Al, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, and Ti after ashing the sample at 550°C. Method a) is recommended for general use, while method b) is suitable for SRFs with high organic matter concentration, and method c) is recommended for samples with significant insoluble residue. Alternative digestion methods can be used if their performance is comparable to the recommended methods.
記事タイトル:EN 15410:2011 - 固形燃料回収 - 主要元素(Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、P、Si、Ti)の含有量の測定方法 記事内容:このヨーロッパ標準では、固形燃料回収のための3つの消化方法を規定しています: a) マイクロ波を用いた加熱消化(ヒドロフルオリック酸、硝酸、塩酸の混合物を使用); b) SRFs試料の灰化後、ヒドロフルオリック酸、硝酸、塩酸の混合物を用いた湯浴消化; c) 硝酸、塩素酸、ヒドロフルオリック酸の混合物を使用したオーブン消化。 Si、Al、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、P、Tiの優れた決定は、誘導結合プラズマ分光法(ICP分光法)または適切な分光技術(フレーム原子分光法など)によって行われます。 消化の有効性は、残留物に対する質的X線蛍光分析(XRF)によって検証できます。必要に応じて、提案された方法の代替消化方法を使用する必要があります 試料を550°Cで灰化した後、XRFを使用してSi、Al、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、P、Tiの分析が可能です。他の元素は、XRF計測機器の検出限界を超える濃度レベルであり、適切な予備試験の後にXRFで分析することができます。 a)方法は一般的な使用に推奨されますが、有機物の濃度が高い場合、試料の量は非常に少なくなる場合があります。b)方法は他の方法では消化が困難な有機物濃度が高いSRFsに適しています。c)方法は他の方法では有意な不溶性残留物が残るSRFsサンプルに推奨されます。 リストされたすべての方法は、サンプルの溶解に密閉容器を使用すればSiの測定に適しています。Si、P、Tiの分析にはXRFが強く推奨されています。 a)からc)に記載された方法と比較可能な性能を持つ場合、代替消化方法を適用することもできます。










Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...