EN 996:1995+A3:2009

Piling equipment - Safety requirements

1.1   This standard specifies safety requirements for piling equipment suitable for the following purposes:
a)   Construction of foundations, slurry walls or retaining walls, using piles or other longitudinal elements;
b)   Removal of piles;
c)   Installation of drain or injection elements.
The pile material can be timber, concrete (precast or cast in situ) or steel (tubes or rolled sections). Additionally, piles may have an interlocking feature to enable adjacent piles to be joined together.
1.2   This European standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to piling equipment, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see annex A) associated with the following:
-   Transport of equipment;
-   Rigging and dismantling of equipment;
-   Equipment in service and out of service;
-   Moving of equipment between pile positions;
-   Storage of equipment.
This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.
1.3   Piling equipment includes:
a)   Piling rig consisting of carrier machine (crawler, wheel or rail mounted, floating), leader attachment, leader or other guiding systems, e.g. direct mounted, boom supported, swinging, guide cage or free riding;
b)   Pile installation and extraction equipment, e.g. impact hammers, extractors, vibrators or static pile pushing/pulling devices;
c)   Accessories, e.g. pile caps, helmets, plates, followers, clamping devices, pile handling devices, pile guides, acoustic shrouds and shock/vibration absorbing devices, power packs/generators and personnel lifts or platforms.
1.4   In addition, this standard applies to diaphragm walling rigs. Additionally, the particular requirements which apply to diaphragm walling equipment are given in normative annex C.

Rammausrüstung - Sicherheitsanforderungen

1.1   Diese Norm enthält Sicherheitsanforderungen an Rammausrüstungen für folgende Einsatzzwecke:
a)   Herstellung von Gründungen, Dichtwänden oder Stützwänden unter Verwendung von Pfählen oder anderen Rammelementen;
b)   Ziehen von Rammgut;
c)   Einbringen von Wasserhaltungs  oder Injektionselementen.
Die Rammelemente können aus Holz, Beton (Fertigteil- oder Ortbeton) oder aus Stahl (Rohre oder Walzprofile) hergestellt sein. Darüber hinaus können sie ein Schlosssystem zur Verbindung nebeneinander liegender Rammelemente besitzen.
1.2   Diese Norm behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, die auf Rammausrüstungen zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und entsprechend den Empfehlungen des Herstellers in den folgenden Zusammenhängen verwendet werden (siehe Anhang A):
-   Transport der Ausrüstung;
-   Auf  und Abbau;
-   Ausrüstung im und außer Betrieb;
-   Umsetzen zwischen Rammpositionen;
-   Lagerung der Ausrüstung.
Diese Europäische Norm spezifiziert die entsprechenden technischen Maßnahmen zur Eliminierung oder Reduzierung der Risiken, die von den signifikanten Gefährdungen ausgehen.
1.3   Die Rammausrüstung umfasst:
a)   Ramme, bestehend aus Trägergerät (auf Raupen, Rädern oder Schienen, schwimmendes Gerät), Mäkleranbauausrüstungen, Mäkler oder andere Führungssysteme, z. B. in direkt angebauter, mastge-stützter, frei hängender Ausführung, mit Führungskäfig oder frei reitend;
b)   Ramm  und Zieheinrichtung, wie z. B. Schlaghämmer, Ziehhämmer, Rüttler oder statische Ramm  und Zieheinrichtungen;
c)   Zubehörteile, wie z. B. Schlaghauben, Rammhauben, Platten, Rammjungfern, Klemmvorrichtungen, Halte- und Führungseinrichtungen, Schallschutzeinrichtungen sowie Stoß /Schwingungsdämpfer, Kraftstationen/Generatoren und Personenlifts oder  plattformen.
1.4   Diese Norm gilt darüber hinaus für Schlitzwandausrüstungen. Der normative Anhang C enthält zusätzlich besondere Anforderungen an Schlitzwandausrüstungen.
1.5   Ist das Trägergerät einer Ramme ein Bagger, Kran usw., (...)

Matériel de battage - Prescriptions de sécurité

Oprema za vrtanje lukenj za zabijanje pilotov - Varnostne zahteve

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 10-Mar-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 20-May-2014
• ICS: 91.220 - Construction equipment
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 151 - Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 151/WG 2 - Piling equipment - Safety
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 21-May-2014
• Completion Date: 21-May-2014
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/079 - Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for standardization in the field of machines
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: SIST EN 996:2000+A3:2009 - Piling equipment - Safety requirements

Relations

• Merged From: EN 996:1995/A2:2003 - Piling equipment - Safety requirements
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Merged From: EN 996:1995/A1:1999 - Piling equipment - Safety requirements
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Merged From: EN 996:1995 - Piling equipment - Safety requirements
• Effective Date: 21-Jan-2009
• Replaced By: EN 16228-6:2014 - Drilling and foundation equipment - Safety - Part 6: Jetting, grouting and injection equipment
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: EN 16228-5:2014 - Drilling and foundation equipment - Safety - Part 5: Diaphragm walling equipment
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: EN 16228-3:2014 - Drilling and foundation equipment - Safety - Part 3: Horizontal directional drilling equipment (HDD)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: EN 16228-2:2014 - Drilling and foundation equipment - Safety - Part 2: Mobile drill rigs for civil and geotechnical engineering, quarrying and mining
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: EN 16228-4:2014 - Drilling and foundation equipment - Safety - Part 4: Foundation equipment
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: EN 16228-7:2014 - Drilling and foundation equipment - Safety - Part 7: Interchangeable auxiliary equipment
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: EN 16228-1:2014 - Drilling and foundation equipment - Safety - Part 1: Common requirements
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2009
Oprema za vrtanje lukenj za zabijanje pilotov - Varnostne zahteve
Piling equipment - Safety requirements
Rammausrüstung - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Matériel de battage - Prescriptions de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 996:1995+A3:2009
ICS:
91.220 Gradbena oprema Construction equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 996:1995+A3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2009
ICS 91.220 Supersedes EN 996:1995
English Version
Piling equipment - Safety requirements
Matériel de battage - Prescriptions de sécurité Rammausrüstung - Sicherheitsanforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 October 1995 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 8 January 1999,
Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 18 August 1999, Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 27 June 2003 and Amendment 3 approved by CEN
on 25 January 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 996:1995+A3:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .6
3 Definitions .8
4 Safety measures and/or provisions .8
4.1 Stability .9
4.2 Ergonomics .9
4.3 Hot and cold surfaces and sharp edges .9
4.4 Hydraulic and pneumatic hoses or pipes .9
4.5 Isolation of energy sources .9
4.6 Pulleys, drums and wire ropes .9
4.7 Winches . 10
4.8 Devices for transport and mounting . 11
4.9 Operator's position . 11
4.10 Visibility . 12
4.11 Illumination . 12
4.12 Starting . 12
4.13 Controls . 12
4.14 Guards to prevent falling . 14
4.15 Personnel lift or platform . 14
4.16 Suspension device of vibrators . 15
4.17 Clamping devices . 15
4.18 Inclination measuring system . 16
4.19 Electrical installation . 16
4.20 Control over output energy . 16
4.21 Piling equipment – Auxiliary equipment . 16
4.22 Emergency stop . 17
4.23 Brakes of the carrier machine . 17
4.24 Protection against moving parts . 17
4.25 Hydraulic installations . 18
4.26 Fire protection . 18
4.27 Noise . 19
4.28 Vibrations . 20
4.29 Data plate . 20
4.30 Warning devices and signs . 20
4.31 Maintenance . 21
5 Information for use . 21
5.1 General . 21
5.2 Operator's manual . 21
5.3 Examinations or inspections . 23
5.4 Spare parts list . 24
5.5 Maintenance and service manual. 24
6 Verification of safety requirements/measures . 25
Annex A (normative) List of significant hazards . 26
Annex B (normative) Calculation of piling equipment stability and ground pressure . 28
Annex C (normative) Diaphragm walling rig - Safety requirements . 41
Annex D (normative) Wire rope grips for drop hammers - Selection and fitting . 44
Annex E (informative) Grouting and injection equipment - Safety . 47
Annex F (informative) Bibliography . 49
Annex G (normative) ####Noise test code for pile installation and extracting equipment$$$$ . 52
Annex ZA (informative) %%%%Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC"" . 61
""
Annex ZB (informative) %%%%Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"" . 62
""
Foreword
This document (EN 996:1995+A3:2009) has been prepared by CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment and
building material machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by December 2009.
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 October 1995 and includes Amendment 1 approved by
CEN on 8 January 1999, Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 18 August 1999, Amendment 2 approved by CEN
on 27 June 2003 and Amendment 3 approved by CEN on 25 January 2009.
This document supersedes EN 996:1995.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags
!", # $ and % &.
The modifications of the related CEN Corrigendum have been implemented at the appropriate places in the
text and are indicated by the tags ˜ ™.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
%For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.&
The Annex A is normative and contains "List of significant hazards", the Annex B is normative and contains
"Calculation of piling equipment stability and ground pressure", the Annex C is normative and contains
"Diaphragm walling equipment – Safety requirements", the Annex D is normative and contains "Wire rope
grips for drop hammers – Selection and fitting", the Annex E is informative and contains "Grouting and
injection equipment – Safety" and the Annex F is informative and contains a "Bibliography". #The Annex G
is normative and contains “Noise test code for pile installation and extracting equipment".$
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European standard is a Type C – standard as defined in EN 292-1:1991.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this
standard.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies safety requirements for piling equipment suitable for the following purposes:
a) Construction of foundations, slurry walls or retaining walls, using piles or other longitudinal elements;
b) Removal of piles;
c) Installation of drain – or injection elements.
The pile material can be timber, concrete (precast or cast in situ) or steel (tubes or rolled sections).
Additionally, piles may have an interlocking feature to enable adjacent piles to be joined together.
1.2 This European standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to piling equipment, when they are
used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see annex A) associated with the
following:
 Transport of equipment;
 Rigging and dismantling of equipment;
 Equipment in service and out of service;
 Moving of equipment between pile positions;
 Storage of equipment.
This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from
the significant hazards.
1.3 Piling equipment includes:
a) Piling rig consisting of carrier machine (crawler, wheel or rail mounted, floating), leader attachment,
leader or other guiding systems, e.g. direct mounted, boom supported, swinging, guide cage or free
riding;
b) Pile installation and extraction equipment, e.g. impact hammers, extractors, vibrators or static pile
pushing/pulling devices;
c) Accessories, e.g. pile caps, helmets, plates, followers, clamping devices, pile handling devices, pile
guides, acoustic shrouds and shock/vibration absorbing devices, power packs/generators and personnel
lifts or platforms.
1.4 In addition, this standard applies to diaphragm walling rigs. Additionally, the particular requirements
which apply to diaphragm walling equipment are given in normative annex C.
1.5 If the carrier machine of a piling rig consists of an excavator, crane etc. the carrier shall be covered by
its own standards to the extent the requirements of this standard are not applicable.
!If piling equipment is also intended to operate with drilling attachment, EN 791 shall be complied with, too,
except for the stability requirements which shall be in accordance with 4.1 of this European Standard
(EN 996)."
1.6 When operating in explosive atmosphere, additional requirements are needed which are not contained
in this standard.
1.7 Informative Annex E is provided for the information and guidance for manufacturers of grouting and
injection equipment for use in the foundation industry in the absence of a European Standard for this
equipment. It is not a normative part of this standard and does not contain sufficient guidance on safety
requirements and measures to achieve conformity with the essential safety requirements of any EC Directive.
1.8 This European Standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of
approval by CEN of the standard.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 3, Portable fire extinguishers
EN 292-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts - general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts - general principles for design — Part 2: Technical
principles and specifications
EN 418, Safety of machinery – Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects – Principles for design
EN 474-1:1994, Earth-moving machinery – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
EN 791, Drill rigs - Safety
prEN 809, Pumps and pump-units for liquids – Safety requirements
prEN 853, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies – Wire braid reinforced hydraulic type - Specification
prEN 854, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies – Textile reinforced hydraulic type - Specification
prEN 855, Plastic hoses and hose assemblies – Thermoplastics textile reinforced hydraulic type -
Specification
prEN 856, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies – Spiral wire reinforced hydraulic type - Specification
prEN 857, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies – Wire braid reinforced compact type for hydraulic applications
- Specification
prEN 953, Safety of machinery – General requirements for the design and construction of guards (fixed,
movable)
prEN 954-1, Safety of machinery - Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for
design
prEN 982, Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components – Hydraulics
prEN 983, Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components – Pneumatics
prEN 1037, Safety of machinery – Isolation and energy dissipation – Prevention of unexpected start-up
prEN 12151, Machinery and plant for the preparation of concrete and mortar – Safety requirements
ENV 1070, Safety of machinery – Terminology
EN ISO 3457:1995, Earth-moving machinery – Guards and shields – Definitions and specifications
#EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
pressure - Engineering method in an essentially free-field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)$
EN ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery – Zones of comfort and reach for controls
#EN ISO 11201, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment – Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions - Engineering method in an essentially free-
field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)
EN ISO 11203:1995, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level (ISO
11203:1995) $
EN 22860, Earth-moving machinery – Minimum access dimensions
EN 23411, Earth-moving machinery – Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space
envelope
EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of industrial machines – Part 1: General
requirements
#EN 60804, Integrating-averaging sound level meters (IEC 60804:2000)$
ISO 2631-1:1985, Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration – Part 1: General requirements
ISO 2631-3:1985, Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration – Part 3: Evaluation of exposure to
whole-body z-axis vertical vibration in the frequency range 0,1 to 0,63 Hz
ISO 2867:1994, Earth-moving machinery – Access systems
ISO 3449:1992, Earth-moving machinery – Falling object protective structures (FOPS) – Laboratory tests and
performance requirements
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry – Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 3864:1984, Safety colours and safety signs
ISO 4302:1981, Cranes – Wind load assessment
ISO 4305:1991, Mobile cranes – Determination of stability
ISO 4309:1990, Cranes – Wire ropes – Code of practice for examination and discard
ISO 6394:1985, Acoustics – Measurement of airborne noise emitted by earth-moving machinery – Operator's
position – Stationary test condition
ISO 6405-1:1991, Earth-moving machinery – Symbols for operator controls and other displays – Part 1:
Common symbols
ISO 7095:1982, Earth-moving machinery – Crawler tractor and crawler loader – Operator's controls
ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery – Limits for potentially injury-causing sharp edges
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard the definitions stated in ENV 1070:1993 apply.
Additional definitions specifically needed for this European Standard are added below:
3.1
piling equipment
assembly of machines and components used for installation or extraction of piles
3.2
piling rig
carrier machine complete with leader attachment and leader but without pile installation and other equipment
3.3
pile elements
pile elements consist of timber, concrete (precast or cast in situ) or steel (tubes or rolled sections). Piles may
have an interlocking feature to enable adjacent piles to be joined together.
3.4
carrier machine
machine providing mobility for and supporting the weight of the piling equipment, together with the pile
NOTE A carrier machine may also accommodate the necessary power source and controls of the piling equipment.
Apart from stationary carrier machines, wheel, crawler or rail mounted, together with fixed or movable floating carrier
machines can be considered.
3.5
leader
a structure mounted to the carrier machine guiding the installation and extracting equipment
3.6
pile installation and extracting equipment
impact, vibration equipment and static devices that are used for driving and/or extracting of pile elements
4 Safety measures and/or provisions
Machinery shall comply with the safety measures and/or technical provisions of this clause and in addition
with EN 292-1:1991 and EN 292-2:1991 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not covered by this
standard.
4.1 Stability
4.1.1 The stability shall be proven according to annex B. Stability criteria are:
 A minimum stability angle and the summation of suitably amplified moments.
The operator's manual shall state under which conditions the piling equipment can be stably used. The
manufacturer/supplier of the piling equipment, as delivered, is responsible that the stability is verified by
calculation.
4.1.2 Weights and positions of centres of gravity of the machine parts which are the basis for the stability
calculation shall be obtained by calculation and/or weighing.
4.1.3 Each manufacturer of single parts of the machine shall supply all necessary data about these parts
relevant to the overall stability calculation.
4.2 Ergonomics
The piling equipment shall be designed according to ergonomic principles to avoid fatigue and stress on the
operator and other personnel. Consideration shall be given to the fact that operators may wear heavy gloves,
footwear and other personal protection equipment. For guidance, see EN 23411 and EN ISO 6682.
4.3 Hot and cold surfaces and sharp edges
Where there is a risk of human contact with hot or cold surfaces, such surfaces shall be protected by guards
or covers in accordance with 4.8 of EN ISO 3457:1995. Edges shall fulfil the requirements of ISO 12508:1994.
4.4 Hydraulic and pneumatic hoses or pipes
Hoses and pipes shall comply with prEN 982 and prEN 983.
Pipes, hoses and fittings shall be able to safely withstand the pressure. The hoses shall be marked with the
rated working pressure.
Where there is a risk that a rupture of a hose or pipe at the operator's position could cause hazard to the
operator, the hoses and pipes shall be provided with protective guards in accordance with 4.9 of EN ISO
3457:1995.
4.5 Isolation of energy sources
4.5.1 Except as provided for in 4.5.3, piling equipment shall be fitted with a means to isolate them from all
energy sources (see prEN 1037 and EN 60204-1). Such isolators shall be clearly identified. They shall be
capable of being locked.
4.5.2 After the energy is shut off, it shall be possible to dissipate any energy remaining or stored in the
circuits of piling equipment without risk to exposed persons.
4.5.3 Certain non-dangerous circuits may remain connected to their energy sources to hold parts, protect
information, light interiors etc. In this case special steps shall be taken to ensure operator's safety.
4.6 Pulleys, drums and wire ropes
4.6.1 Pulley and drum diameters shall meet the following minimum requirements:
 Winch drum pitch diameter  14d;
 Pulley pitch diameter   16d;
 Compensation pulley pitch diameter 12,5d;
 Pulley part of pulling down system 12,5d.
Where d is the diameter of the wire rope.
4.6.2 There shall always remain at least three wraps of rope on the winch drum.
4.6.3 Flanges on drums shall be designed to extend at least two rope diameters beyond the outer wrap of
rope in all operating conditions.
4.6.4 The side deviation angle of the wire rope between pulleys and/or drum shall not exceed 2,5° for non
rotating or spin resistant type, and 4° for other wire ropes.
4.6.5 The breaking load of the wire rope shall be at least the following safety factor times, the maximum
static load in the rope caused by equipment to be lifted, or the maximum line pull of the winch, whichever is
applicable.
Operating Condition   Safety Factor
General hoisting and extracting  3,55
Free fall drop hammer   3,55

Boom and leader hoist
Working    3,55
Erection    3,05
Stationary rope
Working    3,0
Erection    2,73
Pulling down rope   3,0
4.6.6 Rope terminations with wire rope grips are only allowed for free fall drop hammers. They shall be used
according to annex D.
4.7 Winches
4.7.1 General
Winches not intended for use lifting personnel and maintenance platforms, and which are integral part of the
piling equipment and directly involved in the piling process shall fulfil the requirements stated in 4.7.2.
4.7.2 Safety requirements
The maximum line pull on the first rope layer of the winch shall be indicated on the dataplate of the winch.
Winches shall be equipped with:
 A service brake system;
 A parking brake system.
The parking brake system shall act automatically and prevent an unintentional running back of the load if the
winch control levers are not actuated or in the case of failure of the energy supply.
NOTE The brake systems may use common components. The load lowering valves of hydraulically powered winches
or lowering devices are considered as the service brake.
Both brake systems shall hold a minimum of 1,3 times the maximum allowed line pull. The service brake shall
enable the operator to retard and stop a descending load smoothly.
Winches for extraction having an influence on stability shall have a measuring system indicating the actual line
pull of the rope of the hook load. Alternatively, there shall be a line pull limiter (e.g. a restriction of drive torque)
to the winch. A capacity table visible to the operator shall show the allowed line pull or hook load.
Winches shall have a limiting device stopping the lifting movement by influencing the winch control, before the
mechanical end position is reached. For winches with a capacity equal to or less than 20 kN a mechanical
limit stopping device without influence on the winch control is sufficient.
Alternatively, they shall be fitted with an audible or visual warning system which operates an appropriate
distance before the mechanical end position.
Activation of the free fall function of the winch shall only be possible by actuation of two independent controls
simultaneously. Both controls shall be of the hold to run type.
To allow pile impact type equipment to follow and maintain contact with the pile either:
 The supporting winch shall be able to pay out the supporting cable freely, or
 The equipment shall be completely disconnected from its supporting cable.
When a winch is designed for several functions including a free fall function, a key operated control shall be
additionally fitted which allows the free fall function to be operated.
4.8 Devices for transport and mounting
4.8.1 For safe removal, unloading and transport the pieces of equipment shall be equipped with slinging
points, lugs, rings, provisions for eyebolts or other devices (see 5.2.4).
4.8.2 For carrier machines with a slewing superstructure, a mechanical locking device or restraint shall be
provided to prevent rotation of the superstructure on its undercarriage during transit, e.g. on highway, rail or
sea.
4.9 Operator's position
Piling equipment shall be provided with a cab to protect the operator against noise, dust and adverse weather
conditions. There may however be types of piling equipment or operating conditions where it would not be
appropriate or possible to provide a cab.
Piling equipment shall be designed for and fitted with a falling object protective structure (FOPS) if specified
for use in applications where there is a risk of rock fall. The FOPS shall comply with level II of ISO 3449:1992.
NOTE 1 Although the scope of ISO 3449:1992 specifically applies to earth-moving machinery it is equally relevant to
piling equipment.
Piling equipment shall in all cases be fitted with a protective roof which shall meet the requirements of level I
of ISO 3449:1992.
Consideration shall also be given to protection against horizontally ejected objects.
The cab shall provide the following:
 Adequate ventilation where necessary and where applicable, heating and/or cooling;
NOTE 2 For this requirement no verification is given.
 Protection against noise (see 4.27.1);
 Isolation against vibration of the floor (see 4.28);
 A means of rapid escape from the cab;
 An emergency exit, e.g. in the form of knock-out windows or knock-out panels, on a different side of the
cab from that where the normal exit is situated or provision of tools for breaking the window;
 A seat, unless the operator has to work in a standing position. The seat shall provide the operator with a
comfortable and stable working position and shall be easily adaptable to operators of different weight and
height. The seat shall be designed to reduce vibrations transmitted to the operator to the lowest level that
can be reasonably achieved;
 A windscreen cleaning device.
Transparent panels of doors and windows shall be made of laminated safety glass or equivalent material. Cab
interior upholstery shall be made of flame retardant material which has a linear velocity of flame propagation
of maximum 250 mm/min when tested in accordance with ISO 3795:1989.
4.10 Visibility
Visibility from the driver's and/or operator's position shall be such that when driving or operating the piling
equipment the driver or operator can do this without causing danger to himself or other persons. Where
necessary, optical aids or other means shall be provided.
4.11 Illumination
Piling equipment shall be equipped with lights causing a luminance of at least 100 lx at the working area near
the piling point if they are required to work in the dark.
For moving in darkness mobile equipment shall be provided with lighting of at least 10 lx measured 7 m in
front of the equipment in the direction of travelling.
4.12 Starting
Unauthorised starting shall be prevented by at least one of the following measures:
 Lockable cab;
 Lockable ignition;
 Lockable battery switch.
4.13 Controls
4.13.1 For the design of safety related control systems see prEN 954-1.
Safe, quick and non-hazardous operation of controls shall be made possible in the following ways:
a) Controls of primary importance shall be within comfortable reach.
Controls of primary importance are for the main functions, e.g. raising and lowering
 The piling leader;
 The pile;
 The pile installation/extracting equipment;
Changing position of the leader, inclining the leader, operations for slewing and travelling;
b) Controls of secondary importance shall be within normal reach. These are for other functions, e.g. engine
speed, pile installation/extracting equipment.
4.13.2 For comfort and reach areas, see EN ISO 6682.
4.13.3 The forces required to operate the controls shall comply with table 2 of ISO 7095:1982.
4.13.4 Controls shall be designed, constructed and arranged so that
 Their function is clearly identifiable;
 The movement to activate the controls corresponds as far as possible to the intended effect.
Controls which can cause a hazard shall be so arranged, deactivated or guarded that they cannot be activated
inadvertently in particular when the operator enters or exits the operator's position.
When a control is designed and constructed to carry out several functions, e.g. keyboard control, the activated
operation shall be clearly identified.
4.13.5 Controls shall be marked in accordance with relevant standards (e.g. ISO 6405-1:1991) and positioned
for safe, quick and comfortable operation.
4.13.6 All controls of primary importance (see 4.13.1.a)) shall automatically return after release to the neutral
position.
4.14 Guards to prevent falling
4.14.1 Access systems which provide a safe access to the operator's station and maintenance areas shall be
provided. Access systems should meet the requirements of EN 22860 and ISO 2867:1994.
4.14.2 If working areas, platforms or their accesses are above water or more than 2,5 m above ground, fall
guards e.g. handrail of 1,0 m high with an intermediate rail shall be installed.
4.14.3 When fall guards cannot be installed, the work areas shall be equipped with fastenings to attach safety
gear.
4.14.4 Vertical accesses and ladders on pile drivers and auxiliary equipment which are higher than 3 m above
ground and which have no protection from behind shall be equipped with fixings for a fall arrest system.
4.14.5 All upper working areas shall be provided with anchor points of min. 7,5 kN bearing capacity for safety
harness attachments.
4.14.6 Platforms and working areas used for maintenance shall be provided with an upward edge protection
of at least 100 mm to prevent tools and components falling.
4.15 Personnel lift or platform
4.15.1 Personnel lift for operational work
Any personnel lift provided for operational work consisting of a platform guided by the leader shall be provided
with limiting controls for the highest and lowest positions.
During movement of the personnel lift it shall be outside the envelope of the pile and the pile installation
equipment.
A personnel lift for operational work shall be equipped with one of the following:
 A gripping device which acts on the guide rails and which will operate when the nominal lowering speed is
exceeded by more than 40 %;
 A speed limiting device which restricts the lowering speed to maximum 1,4 times the nominal lowering
speed if a defect should occur in the hoisting mechanism;
 A gripping device which acts on the guide rails and which in case of cable breakage, shall enter into
operation in combination with a winch brake acting automatically and directly on the winch drum
independent of the drive. The drive shall be self-breaking. The drop height, before entering into operation
of the grip, may not exceed 0,3 m;
 An individual fall arrester, for each person in the lift;
 A fall arrester connected to a safe, defined part which will operate at a specific drop speed.
An anti slack line protection device shall always be provided.
The hoisting steel wire rope shall have a diameter of at least 8 mm and a safety factor of at least 10.
The diameter of the sheaves and the winch drum shall be at least 26 times the diameter of the steel wire rope.
The hoist and lowering speed of the personnel lift shall not exceed 0,5 m/s.
4.15.2 Maintenance platforms
Maintenance platforms are movable platforms for service, maintenance and repair. They are attached to the
pile installation equipment.
NOTE Personnel lifts for operational work can also be used for service, maintenance and repair.
In the design calculation, the overall weight of the movable platform shall include the weight of the platform
and material carried plus 1 kN for each person carried, a minimum overall weight of 5 kN shall however be
applied. A load factor of 1,25 shall be applied to the overall weight.
Where rope or chain is used for suspension of the pile installation equipment to which the movable platform is
attached, the safety factor of the suspension rope or chain shall be at least 10.
In case of cylinder suspension the load carrying side of the cylinders shall be fitted with a directly mounted
load-sustaining device.
Winches used for movable platforms shall conform to the requirements of 4.7.2 but with a safety factor
increased to 10. No free fall winches shall be used and an anti-slack line device shall be provided.
The lifting and lowering speed of the movable platform shall not exceed 0,5 m/s.
4.15.3 Access to personnel lift or maintenance platform
Guard rails and access to personnel lifts and movable platforms on piling equipment shall comply with ISO
2867:1994. The access shall be fitted with an automatically closing device. If the access is a gate, this gate
shall not open outwards.
4.16 Suspension device of vibrators
4.16.1 Suspension devices of vibrators shall effectively isolate vibrations to the carrier machine.
4.16.2 The maximum allowable pulling force shall be clearly visible on the vibrator.
4.16.3 In case of failure or breakage of the spring elements there shall remain a connection between vibrator
and vibrator isolation system in order to prevent broken parts falling down.
4.17 Clamping devices
4.17.1 The clamping force of the clamping device for vibrators shall be in any operating condition at least 1,2
times the actual vertical force.
This condition is deemed to be met when the clamping force is at least 1,2 times the theoretical maximum
centrifugal force under no load.
4.17.2 The clamping force for static pile pushing or pulling devices shall be at least 2 times the maximum
pulling force.
4.17.3 The pressure developed in the hydraulic system shall provide at least the required minimum clapping
force, and a device should be included in the system for maintaining automatically the hydraulic pressure at
the minimum required value as long as the clamp is closed.
4.17.4 All clamp systems shall have a safety device which prevents clamps from being unintentionally opened
during operation.
4.17.5 Clamps shall have a safety device maintaining them in the closed position even in case of total loss of
pressure in the hydraulic lines.
4.17.6 The clamp hydraulic cylinder pressure shall be indicated on a pressure gauge.
4.17.7 For all dynamic extractors with hydraulically or mechanically actuated clamps, unless part of a cast in
situ system, the pile shall be secured to the extractor by means of a safety rope or sling of equal capacity to
the load held in the clamp or similar equipment.
4.18 Inclination measuring system
4.18.1 Piling equipment shall be provided with a system which shows the inclination of the leader in two
directions. The result should be shown in view of the operator.
4.18.2 The carrier machine also requires an inclination indicator showing the inclination in the two directions
relative to the horizontal plane (e.g. a bubble system).
4.19 Electrical installation
4.19.1 Electric power installation
The electric power installation of piling equipment shall conform to the requirements of EN 60204-1:1992, in
particular clauses 4, 5, 6, 14, 15 and 16.
An earth fault protection system shall be provided for electrically powered piling equipment.
4.19.2 Battery installation
The batteries shall be provided with lifting points and be firmly attached to their location. There shall be no risk
of electrolyte splashing persons and surrounding equipment. The terminals shall be guarded and an isolator
switch shall be fitted to the circuit, see 4.11 of EN ISO 3457:1995.
Batteries and/or battery locations shall be designed and built or covered so that there is no risk to the operator
caused by battery electrolyte or vapours even in the event of overturning of the piling equipment, see 4.10 of
EN ISO 3457:1995.
4.20 Control over output energy
There shall be a device to control the striking velocity of impact type hammers/extractors.
4.21 Piling equipment – Auxiliary equipment
4.21.1 Piles and other loads shall be held stable under all working and lifting conditions.
Piling equipment shall be fitted with means to avoid tipping over of the pile.
4.21.2 The pile and other loads shall be lifted using a mechanism which does not require a person to go into
an unsafe position to lock, open or release the connection.
This lifting accessory shall work safely under all intended conditions.
4.21.3 Piling leaders used with free fall drop hammers shall be provided with a mechanical stop for supporting
the hammer at the lowest position.
Additionally should the piling process involve the personnel entering the danger zone, immediately below the
hammer, then a higher support shall be provided.
4.22 Emergency stop
4.22.1 It is essential to be able to stop the hammer operation quickly in case of necessity. It shall be possible
to isolate the input power, e.g. by closing a valve in the supply hose or fuel line, by isolation of electrical
energy or by other means (see prEN 1037).
4.22.2 The emergency stop device(s) for hazardous movements shall be in accordance with EN 418.
4.22.3 The emergency stop shall after actuation remain engaged until manually cancelled. This manual
operation shall not start the machine but only permit restarting by the normal starting procedures.
4.22.4 If an additional operator's position exists this position shall also be fitted with an emergency stop.
4.23 Brakes of the carrier machine
Brakes of the carrier machine shall correspond to the requirements of 4.6 of EN 474-1:1994.
4.24 Protection against moving parts
4.24.1 General
The moving parts of piling equipment shall be designed, built and laid out to avoid hazards as described in EN
292-1. For exceptions to this general rule, see 4.24.3.
4.24.2 Transmission parts
All moving parts transmitting power shall be designed, constructed, positioned or otherwise provided with
guards to prevent risk of contact. Guards shall conform to prEN 953.
Guards shall be of robust construction and
...