EN 14104:2021
(Main)Fat and oil derivates - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) - Determination of acid value
Fat and oil derivates - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) - Determination of acid value
This document specifies a titrimetric method for the determination of acid value in light coloured Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, hereinafter referred as FAME.
It allows the determination of acid value within a range of 0,10 mg KOH/g to 1,00 mg KOH/g.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
NOTE 2 For oils and fats the determination of acid value is specified in EN ISO 660 [1].
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.
Erzeugnisse aus pflanzlichen und tierischen Fetten und Ölen - Fettsäure-Methylester (FAME) - Bestimmung der Säurezahl
Dieses Dokument legt ein titrimetrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Säurezahl von schwach gefärbten Fettsäure-Methylestern, nachstehend als FAME bezeichnet, fest.
Es ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Säurezahl im Bereich von 0,10 mg KOH/g bis 1,00 mg KOH/g.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils einer Substanz der Ausdruck „% (m/m)“ und für den Volumenanteil einer Substanz der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für alle Öle und Fette ist die Bestimmung der Säurezahl in EN ISO 660 [1] festgelegt.
WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann die Anwendung gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeits¬gänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Dieses Dokument beansprucht nicht, alle damit verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, vor der Anwendung dieses Dokuments geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesund¬heitsschutz des Personals zu ergreifen, und die Geltung weiterer diesbezüglicher Auflagen zu prüfen.
Produits dérivés des corps gras - Esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) - Détermination de l'indice d'acide
Le présent document spécifie une méthode titrimétrique pour la détermination de l’indice d’acide des esters méthyliques d’acides gras légèrement colorés, désignés dans le présent document par le terme EMAG.
Il permet la détermination de l’indice d’acide dans une plage de concentrations comprise entre 0,10 mg de KOH/g et 1,00 mg de KOH/g.
NOTE 1 Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes « % (m/m) » et « % (V/V) » sont respectivement utilisés pour représenter la fraction massique et la fraction volumique.
NOTE 2 Pour les corps gras, la détermination de l'indice d'acide est spécifiée dans l’EN ISO 660 [1].
AVERTISSEMENT - L’utilisation du présent document peut impliquer l’utilisation de produits et la mise en oeuvre de modes opératoires et d’appareillages à caractère dangereux. Le présent document n’a pas pour but d’aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité liés à son utilisation. Il est de la responsabilité des utilisateurs de ce document de prendre les mesures appropriées pour assurer la sécurité et préserver la santé du personnel avant son application, et pour déterminer l’applicabilité de toutes autres restrictions à cette fin.
Derivati maščob in olj - Metil estri maščobnih kislin (FAME) - Določevanje kislinskega števila
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 12-Jan-2021
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Jul-2021
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
- Start Date
- 13-Jan-2021
- Due Date
- 21-Dec-2021
- Completion Date
- 13-Jan-2021
Relations
- Effective Date
- 20-Jan-2021
Overview
EN 14104:2021 (CEN) defines a titrimetric method for the determination of acid value in light‑coloured Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME). Applicable to FAME matrices (commonly used in biodiesel), the standard covers the range 0.10 mg KOH/g to 1.00 mg KOH/g and supersedes EN 14104:2003. It specifies required reagents, apparatus, sampling and calculation procedures, and includes precision limits and interlaboratory data. A safety warning highlights the presence of hazardous chemicals and operations.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Scope and definition: Acid value expressed as mg KOH per g of FAME; mineral acids, if present, are included in the total acid value (method does not distinguish acid types).
- Principle: Dissolve test portion and titrate with standardized potassium hydroxide (KOH) using phenolphthalein as indicator (optical end‑point detection via automated titrators is permitted if validated).
- Reagents: Toluene, isopropanol, ethanol, peroxide‑free diethyl ether (or approved solvent alternatives), primary standards (potassium hydrogen phthalate or benzoic acid), and KOH 0.1 mol/L standard solution.
- Procedure highlights:
- Typical test portion: ~20 g dissolved in 100 mL neutralized solvent mixture.
- End point: single drop causes a persistent colour change (~15 s).
- Calculation: AV = 56.1 × V × c / m (where V = volume KOH (mL), c = concentration (mol/L), m = mass (g)); results reported as mg KOH/g, rounded to two decimals.
- Precision:
- Repeatability limit (r): absolute differences ≤ 0.02 mg KOH/g (single lab).
- Reproducibility limit (R): absolute differences ≤ 0.06 mg KOH/g (between labs).
- Documentation: Test report must reference EN 14104:2021, include results, deviations, unusual features and date.
Applications and Users
- Quality control laboratories testing FAME/biodiesel for free fatty acid content and overall acidity.
- Biodiesel producers and fuel formulators ensuring product compliance.
- Regulatory bodies and certification laboratories validating fuel specifications.
- Analytical service providers performing routine titrations and method validation. EN 14104:2021 is particularly useful for routine monitoring, release testing and interlaboratory comparisons in the FAME production chain.
Related Standards
- EN ISO 660 - acid value in oils and fats
- EN ISO 661 - preparation of test sample
- EN ISO 3696 - water for analytical use
- EN ISO 385 - burettes
- EN ISO 5555 - sampling of fats and oils
- EN ISO 4259 - precision and statistics
Compliance with EN 14104:2021 ensures consistent, reproducible acid value determination for FAME and supports quality assurance across biodiesel supply chains.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 14104:2021 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Fat and oil derivates - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) - Determination of acid value". This standard covers: This document specifies a titrimetric method for the determination of acid value in light coloured Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, hereinafter referred as FAME. It allows the determination of acid value within a range of 0,10 mg KOH/g to 1,00 mg KOH/g. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction. NOTE 2 For oils and fats the determination of acid value is specified in EN ISO 660 [1]. WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.
This document specifies a titrimetric method for the determination of acid value in light coloured Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, hereinafter referred as FAME. It allows the determination of acid value within a range of 0,10 mg KOH/g to 1,00 mg KOH/g. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction. NOTE 2 For oils and fats the determination of acid value is specified in EN ISO 660 [1]. WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.
EN 14104:2021 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 67.200.10 - Animal and vegetable fats and oils. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 14104:2021 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 14104:2003. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 14104:2021 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/245. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN 14104:2021 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14104:2003
Derivati maščob in olj - Metil estri maščobnih kislin (FAME) - Določevanje
kislinskega števila
Fat and oil derivates - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) - Determination of acid value
Erzeugnisse aus pflanzlichen und tierischen Fetten und Ölen - Fettsäure-Methylester
(FAME) - Bestimmung der Säurezahl
Produits dérivés des corps gras - Esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) -
Détermination de l'indice d'acide
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14104:2021
ICS:
67.200.10 Rastlinske in živalske Animal and vegetable fats
maščobe in olja and oils
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 14104
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 67.200.10 Supersedes EN 14104:2003
English Version
Fat and oil derivates - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) -
Determination of acid value
Produits dérivés des corps gras - Esters méthyliques Erzeugnisse aus pflanzlichen und tierischen Fetten und
d'acides gras (EMAG) - Détermination de l'indice Ölen - Fettsäure-Methylester (FAME) - Bestimmung
d'acide der Säurezahl
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 December 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14104:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Principle . 4
5 Reagents . 5
6 Apparatus . 6
7 Sampling . 6
8 Preparation of the test sample . 6
9 Procedure . 7
9.1 Test portion . 7
9.2 Determination . 7
10 Calculation . 7
11 Precision . 7
11.1 Interlaboratory test . 7
11.2 Repeatability . 7
11.3 Reproducibility . 7
12 Test report . 8
Annex A (informative) Results of an interlaboratory trial . 9
Bibliography . 10
European foreword
This document (EN 14104:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 307 “Oilseeds,
vegetable and animal fats and oils and their by-products - Methods of sampling and analysis”, the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14104:2003.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) Clause 5 “Reagents” revised for clarification;
b) automated titration system applying optical detection added as alternative;
c) document revised editorially.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies a titrimetric method for the determination of acid value in light coloured Fatty
Acid Methyl Esters, hereinafter referred as FAME.
It allows the determination of acid value within a range of 0,10 mg KOH/g to 1,00 mg KOH/g.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
NOTE 2 For oils and fats the determination of acid value is specified in EN ISO 660 [1].
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of
personnel prior to the application of the document, and to determine the applicability of any other
restrictions for this purpose.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 661, Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Preparation of test sample (ISO 661)
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:/
...
The EN 14104:2021 standard provides a comprehensive titrimetric method for determining the acid value in light-coloured Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME). This standard is particularly relevant for professionals in the field of biofuels and chemical analysis, as it enables accurate evaluation of acid levels within a specified range of 0.10 mg KOH/g to 1.00 mg KOH/g. One of the key strengths of this standard is its clear definition of methodologies and measurements, which enhances reproducibility and reliability in laboratory settings. The usability of "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" to signify mass and volume fractions adds precision to the process of determining acid value, making it easier for professionals to interpret results consistently. Moreover, the mention of related standards, such as EN ISO 660 for oils and fats, highlights the interconnectedness of different analyses in this field, providing users with a broader context for their work. Although the standard does issue a warning regarding hazardous materials and safety considerations, its clarity ensures that users are informed of the risks and can take necessary precautions. Overall, the EN 14104:2021 standard is a pivotal document in the domain of fatty acid methyl ester analysis, offering an effective method for acid value determination that is both practical and relevant to industry needs. Its strengths lie not only in the detailed methodology it presents but also in its emphasis on safety and precision, which are crucial in the effective management of FAME analysis.
La norme EN 14104:2021, intitulée "Fat and oil derivates - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) - Determination of acid value", se concentre sur la méthode titrimétrique pour la détermination de la valeur d'acide dans les Esters Méthyliques d'Acides Gras (FAME) de couleur claire. Cette norme est essentielle pour les industriels et les laboratoires impliqués dans la production et l'analyse des biocarburants, car elle permet de quantifier le niveau d'acidité dans une plage précise de 0,10 mg KOH/g à 1,00 mg KOH/g. Parmi les forces de cette norme, on note sa clarté et sa précision dans la définition des méthodes d'analyse, ce qui garantit des résultats fiables et reproductibles. L'utilisation de méthodes titrimétriques, qui sont bien établies et largement reconnues, contribue à la fiabilité des résultats obtenus pour les FAME. La précision de la méthode est cruciale dans des applications où la qualité des produits est primordiale, notamment dans le secteur de l'énergie renouvelable. La norme EN 14104:2021 présente également une pertinence significative dans le contexte actuel de durabilité et d'utilisation des ressources renouvelables. Les esters méthyliques d'acides gras sont de plus en plus utilisés comme alternatives aux combustibles fossiles, et l'assurance de leur qualité via la détermination de la valeur d'acide est un aspect fondamental pour leur acceptation sur le marché international. Enfin, il est pertinent de souligner que cette norme comprend des avertissements concernant l’utilisation de matériaux, d’opérations et d’équipements potentiellement dangereux, ce qui témoigne d'une approche responsable et sécuritaire dans l'application des méthodes d'analyse. Cela souligne l'importance de sensibiliser les utilisateurs à la sécurité et à la santé dans le cadre de l'application de la norme EN 14104:2021. En somme, la norme EN 14104:2021 est un document central pour la standardisation des méthodes de mesure des FAME, offrant aux utilisateurs une approche normative solide pour garantir la qualité et la sécurité dans le secteur des biocarburants.
SIST EN 14104:2021は、脂肪酸メチルエステル（FAME）の酸価を測定するための滴定法を仕様した標準化文書です。この文書は、薄色のFAMEにおける酸価の決定を可能にし、その範囲は0.10 mg KOH/gから1.00 mg KOH/gまでとされています。酸価は、FAMEの品質や安定性を評価するための重要な指標であり、この標準の適用により、業界内での一貫した測定結果が期待できます。 この標準の強みは、シンプルでありながら効果的な滴定法を採用している点です。具体的には、酸価の測定を通じて、FAMEの化学特性を正確に評価できるため、製品の信頼性向上に寄与します。また、標準は質量分率（% m/m）および体積分率（% V/V）の使用を明確にし、ユーザーが計算や結果の解釈を容易に行えるように配慮されています。 さらに、EN 14104:2021の関連性は、油脂業界だけでなく、バイオ燃料や化粧品原料など、多岐にわたる用途にうわさされています。酸価の適切な管理は、それらの最終製品の品質保証に直結しており、そのためこの標準の遵守は非常に重要です。最後に、安全性に関する警告が示されていることも特筆すべきであり、文書の使用に伴うリスク管理の重要性が強調されています。このように、SIST EN 14104:2021は、FAMEの酸価測定における信頼できる基準として、業界で広く受け入れられるべきものです。
Die Norm EN 14104:2021 bietet eine präzise titrimetrische Methode zur Bestimmung des Säurewerts in hell gefärbten Fettsäuremethylestern (FAME). Ihr Anwendungsbereich ist klar definiert und umfasst die Bestimmung des Säurewerts in einem Bereich von 0,10 mg KOH/g bis 1,00 mg KOH/g, was für die Analytik von FAME entscheidend ist. Ein wesentliches Stärke dieser Norm ist die Standardisierung des Verfahrens, die es Anwendern ermöglicht, konsistente und verlässliche Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Dies unterstützt nicht nur die Qualitätssicherung in der Herstellung von Fettsäuremethylestern, sondern trägt auch zur Einhaltung internationaler Standards in der chemischen Analyse bei. Die Verwendung der Begriffe "% (m/m)" und "% (V/V)" zur Darstellung der Massen- und Volumenfraktionen gewährleistet eine klar verständliche Kommunikation der Ergebnisse. Die Relevanz dieser Norm liegt in ihrem Beitrag zur Sicherstellung der Produktsicherheit und -qualität, insbesondere da der Säurewert eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bewertung von FAME spielt. Dennoch ist der Hinweis auf mögliche Gefahren im Zusammenhang mit dem Einsatz des Dokuments wichtig; er erinnert daran, dass die Anwender angemessene Sicherheitsvorkehrungen treffen müssen. Die Norm adressiert nicht alle sicherheitstechnischen Probleme, weshalb die Verantwortung für die Gesundheit und Sicherheit des Personals beim Nutzer liegt. Insgesamt stellt die EN 14104:2021 eine wertvolle Ressource dar, die für die analoge und industrielle Anwendung von FAME unerlässlich ist und damit einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Effizienz und Qualitätssicherung in der chemischen Industrie liefert.
SIST EN 14104:2021 표준은 지방산 메틸 에스터(FAME)의 산가를 측정하기 위한 적정법을 규정하고 있습니다. 이 문서는 밝은 색상의 지방산 메틸 에스터에 대한 산가를 측정하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 산가의 범위는 0.10 mg KOH/g에서 1.00 mg KOH/g까지 허용됩니다. 이러한 산가 측정 방법은 다양한 산업 분야에서 FAME의 품질을 평가하는 데 필수적입니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 지방산 메틸 에스터의 산가를 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 신뢰성 있는 절차를 제공한다는 것입니다. 적정법을 통해 산가를 결정함으로써, 사용자들은 제품의 품질과 안전성을 보장할 수 있습니다. 또한, 내용에 포함된 주의 사항은 안전한 작업 환경을 보장하기 위한 필요성을 강조하고 있어, 사용자가 작업 중 유해 물질이나 상황에 대해 경각심을 가질 수 있도록 하고 있습니다. 또한, EN 14104:2021 표준은 해당 분야의 일반적인 요구 사항에 맞춰져 있으며, 이는 FAME의 상업적 응용과 환경 규제 준수에 있어 중요한 역할을 합니다. 이 표준은 사용자가 지방산 메틸 에스터 제품의 품질을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 기준을 제공함으로써, 품질 관리 및 개선에 기여합니다. 결론적으로, SIST EN 14104:2021 표준은 FAME의 산가 측정을 위한 체계적이고 실용적인 접근 방식을 제공하며, 이는 관련 산업에서의 안전 및 품질 향상에 기여하는 중요한 문서라 할 수 있습니다.
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