EN 924:2003

Adhesives - Solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives - Determination of flashpoint

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the flashpoint of adhesives containing volatile organic compounds and makes allowance for deviations from standard atmospheric pressure. It applies to solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives but not to water-borne adhesives containing less than10% of solvents.
NOTE   Care should be taken in the interpretation of results obtained from solvent mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons as such mixtures can give anomalous results (see Annex A).

Klebstoffe - Lösemittelhaltige und lösemittelfreie Klebstoffe - Bestimmung des Flammpunktes

Adhésifs - Adhésifs à base de solvants et adhésifs exempts de solvant - Détermination du point d'éclair

La présente Norme européenne décrit une méthode de détermination du point d'éclair des adhésifs contenant des composés organiques volatiles. Elle tient compte des variations par rapport à la pression atmosphérique normale. Elle s'applique aux adhésifs à base de solvant et aux adhésifs exempts de solvant, mais ne s'applique pas aux adhésifs à base d'eau ne contenant pas plus de 10 % de solvants.
NOTE   Il convient d'interpréter avec prudence les résultats obtenus avec les mélanges de solvants qui contiennent des hydrocarbures halogénés car ces mélanges peuvent donner des résultats irréguliers (voir Annexe A).

Lepila - Raztopinska lepila in lepila brez topil - Določanje plamenišča

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Apr-2003
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 193 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 193/WG 1 - General terminology - General physical and chemical tests
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 02-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 02-Sep-2024
• Ref Project: SIST EN 924:2003 - Adhesives - Solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives - Determination of flashpoint

Relations

• Replaces: EN 924:1994 - Adhesives - Solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives - Determination of flashpoint
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Overview

EN 924:2003 is a CEN standard that specifies a closed-cup method for determining the flashpoint of adhesives that contain volatile organic compounds. It applies to solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives but excludes water-borne adhesives containing less than 10% solvents. The method is broadly equivalent to ISO 1523 and includes a correction for deviations from the standard atmospheric pressure (101,3 kPa).

This procedure minimizes apparatus-related differences by ensuring that the vapour and liquid are approximately in temperature equilibrium before ignition trials.

Key Topics

• Principle: The test portion is heated in a closed cup immersed in a temperature-controlled bath. Ignition trials are made at intervals while maintaining near-equilibrium conditions; the lowest temperature producing a momentary ignition is recorded.

• Temperature control and timing:

  • Heating such that the test portion does not rise more quickly than about 0.5 °C in 1.5 minutes.
  • Maintain the temperature difference between bath and test portion at no more than 2 °C.
  • Ignition trials are carried out at intervals of not less than 1.5 minutes to re-establish vapour saturation above the liquid.
  • Total test duration should not exceed 1 hour for volatile products.

• Apparatus:

  • Closed cup devices (e.g., Abel, Abel-Pensky, Pensky-Martens) with a cover, level indicator and ignition access.
  • Bath with stirring and thermostat to maintain controlled heating.
  • Thermometers with accuracy within 0.5 °C; both cup and bath thermometers should be of comparable precision.
  • Ignition source: small gas flame or electrical ignition device sized and operated per the standard.

• Sampling and safety:

  • Take representative samples per EN 1066; prepare per EN 1067.
  • Avoid plastic storage; cool containers to at least 10 °C below expected flashpoint before opening.
  • Minimize mixing to avoid loss of volatile constituents and reseal containers immediately after sampling.

• Calculation and corrections:

  • Report the observed temperature and record atmospheric pressure (kPa).
  • Correct observed flashpoint to the standard pressure (101,3 kPa) using the prescribed correction (C) and report mean corrected value to the nearest 0.5 °C. (Formula and applicable pressure range are given in the standard.)

• Notes and cautions: Solvent mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons can give anomalous results; interpret such outcomes with care (see Annex A).

Applications

• Product development and comparative testing
• Quality control and batch verification
• Safe handling, storage and transportation risk assessment
• Regulatory classification and compliance for adhesives

Related Standards

• EN 923:1998 - Terms and definitions for adhesives
• EN 1066 / EN 1067 - Sampling and sample preparation for adhesive testing
• ISO 1523 - Equivalent closed-cup flashpoint method

Keywords: EN 924:2003, flashpoint determination, closed-cup, adhesives, solvent-borne, solvent-free, pressure correction, safety, quality control, CEN.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2003
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 924:1998
/HSLOD5D]WRSLQVNDOHSLODLQOHSLODEUH]WRSLO'RORþDQMHSODPHQLãþD
Adhesives - Solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives - Determination of flashpoint
Klebstoffe - Lösemittelhaltige und lösemittelfreie Klebstoffe - Bestimmung des
Flammpunktes
Adhésifs - Adhésifs a base de solvants et adhésifs exempts de solvant - Détermination
du point d'éclair
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 924:2003
ICS:
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 924
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2003
ICS 83.180 Supersedes EN 924:1994
English version
Adhesives - Solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives -
Determination of flashpoint
Adhésifs - Adhésifs à base de solvants et exempts de Klebstoffe - Lösemittelhaltige und lösemittelfreie Klebstoffe
solvants - Détermination du point d'éclair - Bestimmung des Flammpunktes
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 February 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 924:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Principle.5
5 Safety .6
6 Apparatus .6
7 Sampling and sample treatment.8
8 Procedure .8
9 Tests for referee purposes.10
10 Calculation.10
11 Precision.11
12 Test report .11
Bibliography .12
Foreword
This document (EN 924:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193 "Adhesives", the
secretariat of which is held by AENOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by October 2003.
This document supersedes EN 924:1994.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard describes one method for the determination of the flashpoint of adhesives containing
volatile organic compounds. It is generally equivalent to ISO1523, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related
products — Determination of flashpoint — Closed cup equilibrium method. By the procedure specified in this
European Standard, differences between test apparatus of various standard designs are minimised by ensuring
that the test is carried out only when the product under test and the air/vapour mixture above it in the test vessel
are approximately in temperature equilibrium.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the flashpoint of adhesives containing volatile organic
compounds and makes allowance for deviations from standard atmospheric pressure. It applies to solvent-borne
and solvent-free adhesives but not to water-borne adhesives containing less than10% of solvents.
NOTE Care should be taken in the interpretation of results obtained from solvent mixtures containing halogenated
hydrocarbons as such mixtures can give anomalous results (see Annex A).
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 923:1998, Adhesives — Terms and definitions
EN 1066, Adhesives — Sampling.
Adhesives — Examination and preparation of samples for testing.
EN 1067,
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 923:1998 and the following
apply:
3.1
flashpoint (closed cup)
minimum temperature to which a product, confined in a closed cup, is to be heated for the vapours emitted to ignite
momentarily in the presence of a flame, when operating under standardized conditions
NOTE In this European Standard, the flashpoint is corrected to an atmospheric pressure of 101,3 kPa.
4 Principle
The test portion is heated in a suitably designed closed cup by immersing it to the required level in a suitable bath.
The temperature of the bath is slowly raised at such a rate that the difference in temperature between the liquid in
the bath and the test portion in the cup never exceeds 2°C, and the heating procedure ensures that the
temperature of the test portion does not rise more quickly than about 0,5°C in 1,5 min (see Note 1).
During the heating-up period, ignition trials are carried out at intervals of not less than 1,5 min (see Note 2).
The lowest temperature at which a flash occurs is noted and from this and a duplicate determination the flashpoint
of the test product is calculated, corrected to the standard atmospheric pressure of 101, 3 kPa.
NOTE 1 To ensure that the test is carried out under approximately equilibrium conditions, a slow rate of heating is
recommended because of the low thermal conductivity of some products and also because heat transfer by convection is
hindered by the high viscosity of many products. Uniformity of temperature throughout the product under test can be assisted by
use of a stirring device, which is not operated during an ignition trial.
NOTE 2 A minimum time interval of 1,5 min is recommended to ensure that a saturation concentration of vapour in the air
space above the test portion is re-established after each ignition trial.
5 Safety
Persons using this standard shall be familiar with normal laboratory practice.
This standard does not purport to address all safety problems, if any, associated with its use.
It is the responsibility of the user to establish safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any
European or national regulatory conditions.
6 Apparatus

 Test cup. A closed cup with an internal level indicator (see Figure 1).
Key
1 Support
2 Thermometers
Figure 1 — Closed cup with fitted stirrer (see 6.1) immersed in the bath. (The stirrer for the bath is not
shown)
Examples of suitable closed cups include Abel, Abel-Pensky and Pensky-Martens.
If the adhesive is liable to be affected by the cup materia
...