CEN/TC 193/WG 1 - General terminology - General physical and chemical tests

This document specifies a measuring method for the characterization of rheological properties of structural adhesives using oscillatory rheometry. Moreover, the testing procedure can be applied to the reactive mixture of several components or the components of a reactive bonding paste material. The advantage of the method in comparison to rotational viscometry measurements lies in the separation of elastic and viscous material properties, thus allowing the defining of the viscoelastic properties. This enables more precise information concerning the flow behaviour of the materials, thereby resulting in a better understanding of their processing properties.
The method described is particularly suitable for filled and paste-like adhesives. These are frequently processed using automated pump and application systems in industrial applications and will be set precisely considering their rheological properties. As the rheological behaviour of uncured adhesives is mostly independent of their properties in the cured state, the document can also serve for the examination of non-structural adhesives.

This European Standard defines terms used in the adhesive industry and terms relating to adhesives in those industries that use adhesives.

This European Standard describes a conventional standard method for assessing potential emissions from adhesives after their application.
This European Standard applies only to "solvent-free" and "low-solvent" adhesives as they are defined in EN 923:2005+A1:2008. The adhesives shall be applicable at room temperature.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of single volatile organic compounds (VOC) and of the total amount of volatile organic compounds (TVOCEN 13999) in the exhaust air of an emission test chamber after application of a low-solvent or solvent-free adhesive as defined in EN 923:2005+A1:2008. The method is based on use of a solid sorbent with subsequent desorption and gas chromatographic analysis. The method is applicable to measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOC.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the isocyanate content of adhesives, adhesive components and their basic constituents.
It is not applicable to products containing blocked isocyanate groups which can be liberated by the reagents used in this test method.

This European Standard specifies a test method to determine the elastic behaviour of and elastomeric monocomponent liquid adhesive under specified conditions.
This method is particularly suitable for production control.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the softening point of hot-melt adhesives.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the hydroxyl value and/or the hydroxyl content of adhesives, adhesive components, their basic constituents and related products. This method can also be used to determine the hydroxyl value and/or the hydroxyl content of surface protection systems of concrete.

This European Standard specifies a method for the evaluation of the freeze-thaw stability of adhesives, their basic constituents and related products.
This test has no significance if the sample does not freeze under the test conditions.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination by electrometry of the pH of adhesives, their basic constituents and related products using a pH meter equipped with a glass and silver reference combined electrode.
This standard is applicable to products supplied in an aqueous medium, and of known concentration, and to products which can be dissolved, dispersed or suspended in water. It is not applicable to adhesives that react with water.
NOTE   The accuracy of the method decreases at pH values above 11.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the free formaldehyde content in amino and amido-formaldehyde condensate adhesives.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of volatile isocyanates in the exhaust air of an emission test chamber after application of a low-solvent or solvent-free adhesive as defined in EN 923.
The method is based on chemosorption of volatile isocyanates with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine (in the following: 1-2MP) impregnated filters with subsequent desorption and liquid chromatographic analysis. The method permits measurement of a wide range of organic compounds containing isocyanate functional groups (NCO), including isocyanate monomers. For testing of adhesives emissions mainly toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene bis (4-phenyl isocyanate also known as 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane or MDI), are of concern. The method as described in this European Standard can be used for other isocyanates too, such as isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) - see ISO 16702. Isocyanate oligomers or prepolymers are not volatile enough to be detected in emission test chambers at room temperature.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of volatile aldehydes (especially formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) and other carbonyl compounds in the exhaust air of an emission test chamber after application of a low-solvent or solvent-free adhesive as defined in EN 923.
The method is based on chemosorption of volatile carbonyl compounds with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (in the following: DNPH) impregnated silica tubes or cartridges with subsequent solvent desorption, clean-up and liquid chromatographic analysis. The method permits measurement of several aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, hexanal, benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, o-tolualdehyde, m-tolualdehyde, p-tolualdehyde, crotonaldehyde in the concentration range of approximately 10 µg/m³ to 1 mg/m³ (see ISO 16000-3).

This European Standard specifies both the procedure for preliminary examination of a single sample as received for testing, and the procedure for preparing a test sample by blending and reduction of a series of samples representative of a consignment or bulk of adhesives or related product.
It is intended for use in conjunction with EN ISO 15605.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of conventional solids content and, where possible, constant mass solids content.
It is applicable to dispersion, emulsion and solvent based adhesives.

ISO 14678:2005 describes seven methods for the assessment of the flow characteristics of adhesives after application at room temperature and during cure, by the measurement of sagging. These methods may be used both for specifying an adhesive and for quality control purposes.

This International Standard specifies methods for sampling adhesives and related products, in order to obtain uniform
samples of convenient size which are adequately representative of the product being sampled. The sample or
samples so obtained are suitable for examination and preparation prior to testing.
The methods are applicable to products which require the addition and mixing in of catalysts or hardeners prior to
their application, by sampling each component separately. The methods are not applicable, however, to sampling
from a stream of adhesive (in this case the samples can be prepared in accordance with ISO 8213).
This International Standard does not apply to animal glues.

This European Standard defines a method for the determination of apparent density of powder and granule adhesives.
The method is applicable to all powder and granule adhesives.

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the flashpoint of adhesives containing volatile organic compounds and makes allowance for deviations from standard atmospheric pressure. It applies to solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives but not to water-borne adhesives containing less than10% of solvents.
NOTE   Care should be taken in the interpretation of results obtained from solvent mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons as such mixtures can give anomalous results (see Annex A).

This European Standard defines two methods for the determination of density which are applicable to all adhesives.
One procedure is used for adhesives in liquid form and the other one for solid, very viscous or pasty adhesives.

This European Standard specifies six methods which, experience has shown, are suitable for measuring the viscosity of a wide range of adhesives:
- rotational viscometer method;
- cone and plate viscometer method;
- falling ball viscometer method;
- glass capillary viscometer method;
- flow cup method;
- pressurised extrusion method.
This standard does not intend to describe equipment, which is unique to one manufacturer, rather it describes generic types of viscometer. The instruments described operate on very different principles making it inadvisable to compare results from one type of viscometer with those from another. However, results from different instruments of the same type should be comparable.
NOTE 1  Some modern viscometers incorporate integrated electronic measuring devices and have a high degree of automation. The user will not necessarily have access to (or need to know) full details of an instrument's measuring systems. However, all viscometers are capable of being calibrated and, to conform to this standard, the viscometer used should be calibrated in the appropriate viscosity range before a test. Certified calibration fluids should be used for this purpose and evidence of calibration given with the test results.

This European Standard specifies a simple test method for the gas-chromatographic determination of free monomer content in polymeric adhesives after specific treatment.
This test method can be used for the determination of acrylic, styrene, vinyl and other unsaturated monomers.
NOTE  This method could also be used for the determination of other monomers, if applicable.

This standard specifies a method for determination of the acid value of adhesives, adhesive components, their basic constituents, and related products. In some cases, notably when unsaturated polyesters with free anhydrides are present, somewhat lower than theoretical acid values are found, due to the formation of acid esters which precipitate and, are therefore, not determined.

This European Standard specifies two conventional methods for the determination of ash and sulphated ash content of a synthetic or natural adhesive.

This European standard is applicable to solvent-based, dispersion, hot-melt and reactive adhesives, their basic constituents, and related products the coating of which are coloured and/or subject to a change of colour by light. It describes a method of measuring the colour of an adhesive coat and the magnitudeof a change of colour under the influence of light.

The method is based on placing a stainless steel or glass vessel in an oil bath or oven, adding a sufficient quantity of the adhesive to the vessel, melting the sample, measuring the viscosity at the operating temperature and the softening point, repeating these operations at regular time intervals of between 4 h and 6 h, until the time for stopping the test according to pre-determined criteria is reached, and observing and recording, at the time that each measurement is taken, the following phenomena: skin formation, fumes, phase separation, gelation, change in colour.

This European Standard defines terms used in the adhesive industry and terms relating to adhesives in those industries that use adhesives.

TC - Correction of Equation [B.7] in the E + F language versions in accordance with the D language version

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of single volatile organic compounds (VOC) and of the total amount of volatile organic compounds (TVOCEN13999) in the exhaust air of an emission test chamber after application of a low-solvent or solvent-free adhesive as defined in EN 923. The method is based on use of a solid sorbent with subsequent desorption and gas chromatographic analysis. The method is applicable to measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOC.

This European Standard describes a conventional standard method for assessing potential emissions from adhesives after their application.
This European Standard applies only to "solvent-free" and "low-solvent" adhesives as they are defined in EN 923. The adhesives shall be applicable at room temperature.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the isocyanate content of adhesives, adhesive components and their basic constituents.
It is not applicable to products containing blocked isocyanate groups which can be liberated by the reagents used in this test method.

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the elastic behaviour of an elastomeric liquid adhesive under specified conditions, particularly suitable for production control.

This European standard specifies a method for the determination of the softening point of hot-melt adhesives.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination by electrometry of the pH of adhesives, their basic constituents and related products using a pH meter equipped with a glass and silver reference combined electrode. This standard is applicable to products supplied in an aqueous medium, and of known concentration, and to products which can be dissolved, dispersed or suspended in water. It is not applicable to adhesives that react with water. Note: The accuracy of the method decreases at pH values above 11.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the free formaldehyde content in amino- and amido-formaldehyde condensate adhesives.

This standard specifies a method to determine the hydroxyl value and/or the hydroxyl content of adhesives, adhesive components, their basic constituents and related products. This method can also be used to determine the hydroxyl value and/or the hydroxyl content of surface protection systems of concrete.

This standard specifies a method for the evaluation of the freeze-thaw stability of adhesives, their basic constituents and related products. This test has no significance if the sample does not freeze under the test conditions.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of volatile isocyanates in the exhaust air of an emission test chamber after application of a low-solvent or solvent-free adhesive as defined in EN 923.
The method is based on chemosorption of volatile isocyanates with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine (in the following: 1-2MP) impregnated filters with subsequent desorption and liquid chromatographic analysis. The method permits measurement of a wide range of organic compounds containing isocyanate functional groups (NCO), including isocyanate monomers. For testing of adhesives emissions mainly toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene bis (4-phenyl isocyanate also known as 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane or MDI), are of concern. The method as described in this European Standard can be used for other isocyanates too, such as isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) - see ISO 16702. Isocyanate oligomers or prepolymers are not volatile enough to be detected in emission test chambers at room temperature.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of volatile aldehydes (especially formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) and other carbonyl compounds in the exhaust air of an emission test chamber after application of a low-solvent or solvent-free adhesive as defined in EN 923.
The method is based on chemosorption of volatile carbonyl compounds with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (in the following: DNPH) impregnated silica tubes or cartridges with subsequent solvent desorption, clean-up and liquid chromatographic analysis. The method permits measurement of several aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, hexanal, benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, o-tolualdehyde, m-tolualdehyde, p-tolualdehyde, crotonaldehyde in the concentration range of approximately 10 µg/m³ to 1 mg/m³ (see ISO 16000-3).

This European Standard defines terms used in the adhesive industry and terms relating to adhesives in those industries that use adhesives.

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): WIs 150-153 are the result of the splitting of WI 145 (Res BT C 262/1999) ++ (CC/991217)

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): WIs 150-153 are the result of the splitting of WI 145 (Res BT C 262/1999) ++ (CC/991217)

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): WIs 150-153 are the result of the splitting of WI 145 (Res BT C 262/1999) ++ (CC/991217)

Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): WIs 150-153 are the result of the splitting of WI 145 (Res BT C 262/1999) ++ (CC/991217)

This European Standard specifies both the procedure for preliminary examination of a single sample as received for testing and procedure for preparing a test sample by blending and reduction of a series of samples representative of a consignment or bulk of adhesives or related product. It is intended for use in conjunction with prEN 1066.

This European Standard describes a method for the determination of conventional solids content and, where possible, constant mass solids content. It is applicable to dispersion, emulsion and solvent basec adhesives.

This standard specifies a method for the determination of the isocyanate content of adhesives, adhesive components, their basic constituents surface protection systems, and related products containing free isocyanate groups. This method can also be used to determine the hydroxyl value and/or the hydroxyl content of surface protection systems of concrete. It is not applicable to products containing blocked isocyanate groups which can be liberated by the reagents in this test method.

This European Standard defines terms used in the adhesive industry and terms relating to adhesives in those industries that use adhesives.

This European standard specifies methods for sampling adhesives and related products, in order to obtain uniform samples of convenient size being adequately representative of the product being sampled. The sample or samples so obtained are suitable for examination and preparation prior to testing. This method applies to products which can need addition and mixing of catalysts or hardeners prior to their application, by sampling each component separately.