EN ISO 14855:2004
(Main)Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14855:1999)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14855:1999)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit und Zersetzung von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides (ISO 14855:1999)
Evaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime et de la désintégration des matériaux plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage - Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 14855:1999)
Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti in razkroja polimernih materialov pod nadzorovanimi pogoji kompostiranja – Metoda z analizo sproščenega ogljikovega dioksida (ISO 14855:1999)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2004
'RORþDQMHNRQþQHDHUREQHELRUD]JUDGOMLYRVWLLQUD]NURMDSROLPHUQLKPDWHULDORYSRG
QDG]RURYDQLPLSRJRMLNRPSRVWLUDQMD±0HWRGD]DQDOL]RVSURãþHQHJDRJOMLNRYHJD
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Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic
materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon
dioxide (ISO 14855:1999)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit und Zersetzung von Kunststoff-
Materialien unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels
Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides (ISO 14855:1999)
Evaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime et de la désintégration des matériaux
plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage - Méthode par analyse du
dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 14855:1999)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14855:2004
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14855
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2004
ICS 83.080.01
English version
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and
disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting
conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO
14855:1999)
Evaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime et de la
désintégration des matériaux plastiques dans des
conditions contrôlées de compostage - Méthode par
analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 14855:1999)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14855:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
The text of ISO 14855:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
14855:2004 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held by
IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14855:1999 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14855:2004 without any
modifications.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated
by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year
ISO 5663 1984 Water quality - Determination of EN 25663 1993
Kjeldahl nitrogen - Method after
mineralization with selenium
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14855
First edition
1999-05-15
Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability and disintegration of
plastic materials under controlled
composting conditions — Method by
analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime et de désintégration des
matériaux plastiques dans des conditions contrôlées de compostage —
Méthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libéré
A
Reference number
ISO 14855:1999(E)
ISO 14855:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 14855 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5,
Physical-chemical properties.
Annexes A to E of this International Standard are for information only.
© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 14855:1999(E)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and
disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting
conditions — Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
WARNING — Sewage, activated sludge, soil and compost may contain potentially pathogenic organisms.
Therefore appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic test compounds and those
whose properties are unknown should be handled with care.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastics, based on organic compounds, under controlled composting conditions by measurement of the amount of
carbon dioxide evolved and the degree of disintegration of the plastic at the end of the test. This method is designed
to simulate typical aerobic composting conditions for the organic fraction of solid mixed municipal waste. The test
material is exposed to an inoculum which is derived from compost. The composting takes place in an environment
wherein temperature, aeration and humidity are closely monitored and controlled. The test method is designed to
yield the percentage conversion of the carbon in the test material to evolved carbon dioxide as well as the rate of
conversion.
The conditions described in this International Standard may not always correspond to the optimum conditions for
the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 5663:1984, Water quality — Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen — Method after mineralization with selenium.
ISO 8245:1999, Water quality — Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved
organic carbon (DOC).
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1
ultimate aerobic biodegradation
the breakdown of an organic compound by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water
and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) plus new biomass
3.2
composting
an aerobic process designed to produce compost
© ISO
ISO 14855:1999(E)
NOTE Compost is an organic soil conditioner obtained by biodegradation of a mixture consisting principally of vegetable
residues, occasionally with other organic material, and having a limited mineral content.
3.3
disintegration
the physical breakdown of a material into very small fragments
3.4
total dry solids
the amount of solids obtained by taking a known volume of test material or compost and drying at about 105 °C to
constant mass
3.5
volatile solids
the amount of solids obtained by subtracting the residue of a known volume of test material or compost after
incineration at about 550 °C from the total dry solids of the same sample
NOTE The volatile-solids content is an indication of the amount of organic matter present.
3.6
theoretical amount of evolved carbon dioxide
ThCO
the maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved after completely oxidizing a chemical compound,
calculated from the molecular formula and expressed as milligrams of carbon dioxide evolved per milligram or gram
of test compound
3.7
lag phase
the time, measured in days, from the start of a test until adaptation and/or selection of the degrading
microorganisms is achieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter has
increased to about 10 % of the maximum level of biodegradation
3.8
maximum level of biodegradation
the degree of biodegradation, measured in per cent, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above
which no further biodegradation takes place during the test
3.9
biodegradation phase
the time, measured in days, from the end of the lag phase of a test until about 90 % of the maximum level of
biodegradation has been reached
3.10
plateau phase
the time, measured in days, from the end of the biodegradation phase until the end of a test
4 Principle
The test method determines the ultimate biodegradability and degree of disintegration of test material under
conditions simulating an intensive aerobic composting process. The inoculum used consists of stabilized, mature
compost derived, if possible, from composting the organic fraction of solid municipal waste.
The test material is mixed with the inoculum and introduced into a static composting vessel where it is intensively
composted under optimum oxygen, temperature and moisture conditions for a test period not exceeding 6 months.
During the aerobic biodegradation of the test material, carbon dioxide, water, mineral salts and new microbial
cellular constituents (biomass) are the ultimate biodegradation products. The carbon dioxide produced is
continuously monitored, or measured at regular intervals, in test and blank vessels to determine the cumulative
carbon dioxide production. The percentage biodegradation is given by the ratio of the carbon dioxide produced from
the test material to the maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide that can be produced from the test material.
© ISO
ISO 14855:1999(E)
The maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide produced is calculated from the measured total organic carbon
(TOC) content. The percentage biodegradation does not include that amount of carbon converted to new cell
biomass which is not metabolized in turn to carbon dioxide during the course of the test.
Additionally, the degree of disintegration of the test material is determined at the end of the test, and the loss in
mass of the test material may also be determined.
5 Test environment
Incubation shall be in the dark or in diffused light, in an enclosure or room maintained at a constant temperature of
58 °C ± 2 °C and free from vapours inhibitory to microorganisms.
In special cases, e.g. when the melting point of the test material is low, another temperature may be chosen. This
temperature shall be kept constant during the test to within ± 2 °C. Any change in temperature shall be justified and
clearly indicated in the test report.
6 Reagents
Use only analytical-grade reagents.
Use TLC (thin-layer chromatography) grade cellulose with a particle size of less than 20 mm as the positive-control
reference material.
7 Apparatus
Ensure that all glassware is thoroughly cleaned and, in particular, free from organic or toxic matter.
7.1 Composting vessels: Glass flasks or bottles that allow an even gas purge in an upward direction.
A minimum volume of 2 litres is required to
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