CEN ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022

Additive manufacturing - Non-destructive testing - Intentionally seeding flaws in metallic parts (ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022)

This document is intended to serve as a best practice for the identification and “seeding” of nondestructively detectable flaw replicas of metal alloy PBF and DED processes. Three seeding categories are described:
a) process flaws through CAD design;
b) build parameter manipulation;
c) subtractive manufacturing.
These include flaws present within as-deposited materials, post heat-treated or HIP processed material, and those flaws made detectable because of post-processing operations. Geometrical aspects or measurement are not the subjects of this document.
WARNING — This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Additive Fertigung - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Bewusstes Einbringen von Fehlern in Bauteile (ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022)

Dieses Dokument dient als Leitfaden für die Identifizierung und das „Einbringen“ von zerstörungsfrei nachweisbaren Nachbildungen von Fehlern bei PBF- und DED-Verfahren für Metalllegierungen. Es werden drei Kategorien zum Einbringen von Fehlern beschrieben:
a)   Prozessmängel durch CAD-Design;
b)   Manipulation der Bauparameter;
c)   subtraktive Fertigung.
Dazu gehören Fehler, die in den Werkstoffen nach der Ablagerung, nach der Wärmebehandlung oder nach der HIP-Bearbeitung zu finden sind, sowie Fehler, die aufgrund von Nachbearbeitungsvorgängen festgestellt werden. Geometrische Aspekte oder Messungen sind nicht Gegenstand dieses Dokuments.
WARNUNG — Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, alle Sicherheitsprobleme zu behandeln, die im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Anwendung, wenn überhaupt, auftreten. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, entsprechende Maßnahmen zum Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz zu ergreifen sowie vor der Verwendung die Anwendbarkeit von gesetzlichen Einschränkungen festzustellen.

Fabrication additive - Essais non destructifs - Implantation intentionnelle de défauts dans les pièces métalliques (ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022)

Le présent document est destiné à servir de bonne pratique pour l'identification et «l'implantation» de répliques de défauts détectables de manière non destructive par les procédés PBF et DED en alliage métallique. Trois catégories d'implantation sont décrites:
a) les défauts du procédé par la conception CAO;
b) la manipulation des paramètres de fabrication;
c) la fabrication soustractive.
Cela comprend les défauts présents dans les matériaux tels que déposés, dans les matériaux traités par post-traitement thermique ou par HIP, et des défauts rendus détectables par les opérations de post-traitement. Les aspects géométriques ou les mesures ne font pas l'objet du présent document.
ATTENTION — Le présent document n'a pas pour but de traiter tous les problèmes de sécurité, le cas échéant, liés à son application. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur du présent document d'établir des pratiques de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées, et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.

Aditivna proizvodnja - Neporušitveno preskušanje - Namerno vnešene nepravilnosti v kovinskih delcih (ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022)

Ta dokument je namenjen za uporabo kot primer najboljše prakse za ugotavljanje in »vnašanje« poustvarjenih nepravilnosti v procese laserskega pretaljevanja kovinskega prahu (PBF-LB) in laserskega navarjanja (DED) kovinskih zlitin, ki jih je mogoče zaznati z neporušitveno metodo. Opisane so tri kategorije vnašanja: 1. procesne nepravilnosti prek oblikovanja CAD; 2. manipuliranje s parametrom izdelave; 3. proizvodnja z odvzemom in 4) odlaganje/vstavljanje nepravilnosti po obdelavi. Slednje vključujejo nepravilnosti, prisotne v navarjenih materialih brez naknadne obdelave, v materialih z naknadno toplotno obdelavo ali obdelavo HIP, in nepravilnosti, zaznane zaradi postopkov naknadne obdelave. Ta dokument ne zajema geometrijskih vidikov merjenja.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-May-2022
• ICS: 25.030 - Additive manufacturing
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 18-May-2022
• Completion Date: 18-May-2022
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022 - Additive manufacturing - Non-destructive testing - Intentionally seeding flaws in metallic parts (ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2022
Aditivna proizvodnja - Neporušitveno preskušanje - Namerno vnešene
nepravilnosti v kovinskih delcih (ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022)
Additive manufacturing - Non-destructive testing - Intentionally seeding flaws in metallic
parts (ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022)
Additive Fertigung - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung und Bewertung - Bewusstes Einbringen
von Fehlern in Bauteilen (ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022)
Fabrication additive - Essais non destructifs - Implantation intentionnelle de défauts dans
les pièces métalliques (ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN ISO/ASTM/TR
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2022
ICS
English Version
Additive manufacturing - Non-destructive testing -
Intentionally seeding flaws in metallic parts
(ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022)
Fabrication additive - Essais non destructifs - Additive Fertigung - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung und
Implantation intentionnelle de défauts dans les pièces Bewertung - Bewusstes Einbringen von Fehlern in
métalliques (ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022) Bauteilen (ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022)

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 April 2022. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 438.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
261 "Additive manufacturing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive
Manufacturing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/ASTM/TR 52906:2022
without any modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/ASTM TR
REPORT 52906
First edition
2022-05
Additive manufacturing — Non-
destructive testing — Intentionally
seeding flaws in metallic parts
Fabrication additive — Essais non destructifs — Implantation
intentionnelle de défauts dans les pièces métalliques
Reference number
ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2022
ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022(E)
© ISO/ASTM International 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
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Email: [e-mail] Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
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© ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Typical AM flaws . 3
6 Procedure to produce replicas . 7
7 Seeding approaches .7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 CAD seeding . 8
7.3 AM process manipulation replicas . 10
7.3.1 General . 10
7.3.2 Entrapped unsintered powder. 11
7.3.3 Manual insertion of high-density inclusions . 11
7.4 Post-production mechanical introduction of replicas . 11
7.5 Significance and use for homogeneity .12
8 AM process manipulation for L-PBF and L-DED .14
8.1 General . 14
8.2 AM machine parameter manipulation . 14
8.3 Applicable flaw-seeding approaches as a function of desired flaw type .15
8.3.1 General .15
8.3.2 Porosity or voids (increased power density) . 15
8.3.3 Surface-connected flaws . 15
8.4 Applicable flaw-seeding approach as a function of AM process . 16
8.5 Applicable flaw-seeding approach as a function of AM material . 17
8.5.1 General . 17
8.5.2 High-density inclusions . 18
9 Applicable flaw-seeding approach as a function of post processing machining .18
9.1 General . 18
9.2 Mechanical machining . 18
9.3 Electrode discharge machining replicas . 18
9.4 Laser drilling replicas . 18
Bibliography .20
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© ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of ISO documents can be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation with ASTM
Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement between
ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on additive
manufacturing, and in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 438, Additive manufacturing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022(E)
Introduction
This document provides information for intentionally seeding flaws in additively manufactured parts
1)
and complements ISO/ASTM TR 52905 .
The different AM building descriptions can be found readily in published standards
...