CEN ISO/TR 12296:2013

Ergonomics - Manual handling of people in the healthcare sector (ISO/TR 12296:2012)

ISO/TR 12296:2012 provides guidance for assessing the problems and risks associated with manual patient handling in the healthcare sector, and for identifying and applying ergonomic strategies and solutions to those problems and risks.
Its main goals are to improve caregivers' working conditions by decreasing biomechanical overload risk, thus limiting work-related illness and injury, as well as the consequent costs and absenteeism, and to account for patients' care quality, safety, dignity and privacy as regards their needs, including specific personal care and hygiene.
It is intended for all users (or caregivers and workers) involved in healthcare manual handling and, in particular, healthcare managers and workers, occupational safety and health caregivers, producers of assistive devices and equipment, education and training supervisors, and designers of healthcare facilities.
Its recommendations are primarily applicable to the movement of people (adults and children) in the provision of healthcare services in purposely built or adapted buildings and environments. Some recommendations can also be applied to wider areas (e.g. home care, emergency care, voluntary caregivers, cadaver handling).
The recommendations for patient handling take into consideration work organization, type and number of patients to be handled, aids, spaces where patients are handled, as well as caregivers' education and awkward postures, but do not apply to object (movement, transfer, pushing and pulling) or animal handling. Task joint analysis in a daily shift involving both patient handling, pulling and pushing or object handling and transport is not considered.

Ergonomie - Manuelles Bewegen von Personen im Bereich der Pflege (ISO/TR 12296:2012)

Dieser Technische Bericht liefert eine Anleitung für die Beurteilung der mit dem manuellen Bewegen von Patienten im Bereich des Gesundheitswesens verbundenen Probleme und Risiken sowie zur Ermittlung ergonomischer Strategien und Maßnahmen und zu deren Anwendung auf diese Probleme und Risiken.
Seine Hauptziele bestehen in Folgendem:
-   Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen der Pflegekräfte durch Reduzierung des biomechanischen Überlastungsrisikos, wodurch arbeitsbedingte Erkrankungen und Verletzungen und infolgedessen die Kosten und Fehlzeiten begrenzt werden, und
-   Berücksichtigung der Qualität der Pflege, Sicherheit, Würde und Privatsphäre der Patienten in Hinblick auf deren Bedürfnisse, einschließlich der spezifischen persönlichen Pflege und Körperpflege.
Er ist vorgesehen für alle Nutzer (oder Pflegekräfte und Beschäftigte), deren pflegerische Tätigkeit das manuelle Bewegen von Patienten beinhaltet, und insbesondere für Manager und Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen, Verantwortliche im Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz, Hersteller von Hilfsmitteln/Arbeitsmitteln und Ausstattungen, Ausbildungs- und Trainingsleiter sowie Planer von Gesundheitseinrichtungen .
Seine Empfehlungen sind vorwiegend auf das Bewegen von Menschen (Erwachsene und Kinder) bei der Bereitstellung von Gesundheitsdienstleitungen in speziell zu diesem Zweck errichteten oder angepassten Gebäuden und Arbeitsumgebungen anwendbar. Einige der Empfehlungen sind auch auf weitere Bereiche anwendbar (z. B. häusliche Pflege, Notfallversorgung, ehrenamtlich Pflegende, Bewegen von Verstorbenen).
Die Empfehlungen für das Bewegen von Patienten berücksichtigen die Arbeitsorganisation, den Patienten-Typ und die Anzahl der zu bewegenden Patienten, die Hilfsmittel, die räumlichen Gegebenheiten, in denen Patienten bewegt werden, sowie die Ausbildung der Pflegekräfte und ungünstige Körperhaltungen; sie gelten jedoch nicht für die Handhabung von Gegenständen (Bewegen, Transportieren, Schieben und Ziehen) oder von Tieren. Eine gemeinsame Analyse verschiedener in einer Schicht anfallender Aufgaben, die das Bewegen von Patienten, das Ziehen und Schieben oder die Handhabung und den Transport von Lasten umfassen, wird nicht betrachtet.

Ergonomie - Manutention manuelle des personnes dans le secteur de la santé (ISO/TR 12296:2012)

L'ISO/TR 12296:2012 fournit des lignes directives pour l'évaluation des problèmes et des risques associés à la manutention manuelle des patients dans le secteur de la santé, ainsi que pour l'identification et l'application de stratégies et de solutions ergonomiques à ces problèmes et ces risques.
Il a principalement pour objectif d'améliorer les conditions de travail des soignants en diminuant le risque de surcharge biomécanique, ce qui limite donc les maladies et accidents de travail, ainsi que les coûts et l'absentéisme qui en résultent, et de justifier la qualité des soins aux patients, la sécurité, la dignité et la vie privée des patients par rapport à leurs besoins, y compris les soins et l'hygiène personnels spécifiques.
Il est destiné à tous les utilisateurs (soignants et salariés) impliqués dans la manutention manuelle pour les soins et, en particulier, les cadres et les soignants, les agents de santé chargés de la sécurité et de la santé au travail, les fabricants d'appareils et accessoires fonctionnels et d'équipements, les superviseurs d'éducation et de formation et les concepteurs d'établissements de santé.
Ses recommandations s'appliquent principalement au déplacement des personnes (adultes et enfants) pour la prestation des soins de santé dans des bâtiments et environnements construits ou adaptés à dessein. Certaines recommandations peuvent aussi s'appliquer à des domaines plus larges (par exemple les soins à domicile, les soins d'urgence, les soignants bénévoles, la manutention des cadavres).
Les recommandations sur la manutention des patients prennent en compte l'organisation du travail, le type et le nombre de patients à manutentionner, les aides, les espaces où les patients sont manipulés, ainsi que l'éducation et les postures inconfortables des soignants, mais ne s'appliquent pas à la manipulation (déplacement, transfert, tirer/pousser) des objets ou des animaux. L'analyse commune des tâches d'une équipe journalière impliquant la manutention, le tirer/pousser des patients, ou la manutention et le transport d'objets n'est pas prise en compte.

Ergonomija - Ročno premeščanje ljudi v zdravstvu in negi (ISO/TR 12296:2012)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Sep-2013
• ICS: 13.180 - Ergonomics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 122 - Ergonomics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 122/WG 4 - Biomechanics
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 04-Sep-2013
• Due Date: 05-Oct-2014
• Completion Date: 04-Sep-2013
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 12296:2014 - Ergonomics - Manual handling of people in the healthcare sector (ISO/TR 12296:2012)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2014
(UJRQRPLMD5RþQRSUHPHãþDQMHOMXGLY]GUDYVWYXLQQHJL,6275
Ergonomics - Manual handling of people in the healthcare sector (ISO/TR 12296:2012)
Ergonomie - Manuelles Bewegen von Personen im Bereich der Pflege (ISO/TR
12296:2012)
Ergonomie - Manutention manuelle des personnes dans le secteur de la santé (ISO/TR
12296:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 12296:2013
ICS:
11.020.10 Zdravstvene storitve na Health care services in
splošno general
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN ISO/TR 12296
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
September 2013
ICS 13.180
English Version
Ergonomics - Manual handling of people in the healthcare sector
(ISO/TR 12296:2012)
Ergonomie - Manutention manuelle des personnes dans le Ergonomie - Manuelles Bewegen von Personen im Bereich
secteur de la santé (ISO/TR 12296:2012) der Pflege (ISO/TR 12296:2012)

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 19 August 2013. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 122.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 12296:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
The text of ISO/TR 12296:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as CEN ISO/TR 12296:2013 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 12296:2012 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 12296:2013 without any
modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 12296
First edition
2012-06-01
Ergonomics — Manual handling of people
in the healthcare sector
Ergonomie — Manutention manuelle des personnes dans le secteur de
la santé
Reference number
ISO/TR 12296:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO/TR 12296:2012(E)
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 12296:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1  Scope . 1
2  Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3  Recommendations . 2
3.1  General aspects . 2
3.2  Risk assessment . 3
3.2.1  Hazard identification . 4
3.2.2  Risk estimation and evaluation . 6
3.3  Risk reduction . 7
Annex A (informative) Risk estimation and risk evaluation . 8
Annex B (informative) Organizational aspects of patient handling interventions . 38
Annex C (informative) Aids and equipment . 43
Annex D (informative) Buildings and environment . 59
Annex E (informative) Staff education and training . 71
Annex F (informative) Relevant information regarding the evaluation of intervention effectiveness . 74
Bibliography . 80

ISO/TR 12296:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 12296 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO/TR 12296:2012(E)
Introduction
National and international statistics provide evidence that healthcare staff are subject to some of the highest
risks of musculoskeletal disorders (particularly for the spine and shoulder), as compared with other jobs.
Manual patient handling often induces high loads on the musculoskeletal systems, in particular on the lower
1)
back. Manual patient handling ought to be avoided where possible or be performed in a low-risk manner.
Factors such as the number, capacity, experience and qualification of caregivers can interact with the
following conditions to produce an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders:
 number, type and condition of patients to be handled;
 awkward postures and force exertion;
 inadequacy (or absence) of equipment;
 restricted spaces where patients are handled;
 lack of education and training in caregivers' specific tasks.
An ergonomic approach can have a significant impact on reducing risk from manual patient handling.
A good analysis of work organization, including handling tasks and the above-mentioned risk determinants, is
extremely important in reducing risks to caregivers.
The recommendations presented in this Technical Report allow identification of hazards, an estimation of the
risk associated with manual patient handling and the application of solutions. They are based primarily on data
integration from epidemiological and biomechanical approaches to manual (patient) handling and on the
consensus of international experts in patient handling.
The assessment and control of risks associated with other aspects of manual handling can be found in
ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2, ISO 11228-3 and ISO 11226.

1) As per European Council Directive 90/269/EEC on the minimum health and safety requirements for the manual
handling of loads where there is a risk particularly of back injury to workers.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12296:2012(E)

Ergonomics — Manual handling of people in the healthcare
sector
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides guidance for assessing the problems and risks associated with manual patient
handling in the healthcare sector, and for identifying and applying ergonomic strategies and solutions to those
problems and risks.
Its main goals are
 to improve caregivers' working conditions by decreasing biomechanical overload risk, thus limiting work-
related illness and injury, as well as the consequent costs and absenteeism, and
 to account for patients' care quality, safety, dignity and privacy as regards their needs, including specific
personal care and hygiene.
It is intended for all users (or caregivers and workers) involved in healthcare manual handling and, in
particular, healthcare managers and workers, occupational safety and health caregivers, producers of
assistive devices and equipment, education and training supervisors, and designers of healthcare facilities.
Its recommendations are primarily applicable to the movement of people (adults and children) in the provision
of healthcare services in purposely built or adapted buildings and environments. Some recommendations can
also be applied to wider areas (e.g. home care, emergency care, voluntary caregivers, cadaver handling).
The recommendations for patient handling take into consideration work organization, type and number of
patients to be handled, aids, spaces where patients are handled, as well as caregivers' education and
awkward postures, but do not apply to object (movement, transfer, pushing and pulling) or animal handling.
Task joint analysis in a daily shift involving patient handling, pulling and pushing or object handling and
transport is not considered.
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms apply.
2.1
aids and equipment
assistive devices eliminating or reducing the caregiver's physical effort during handling of a non- or partially
cooperating patient
2.2
caregiver
individual required by his or her job specification to perform manual patient handling activities
2.3
environment
all physical conditions of the area where patients have to be handled, including space, climate and surfaces
ISO/TR 12296:2012(E)
2.4
manual patient handling
activity requiring force to push, pull, lift, lower, transfer or in some way move or support a person or body part
of a person with or without assistive devices
2.5
patient
individual who requires assistance to move
Note 1 to entry: Types of patients include
 totally non-cooperating patients (to be fully handled by a caregiver),
 partially cooperating patients (to be partially handled by a caregiver).
 fully cooperating patients.
Note 2 to entry: Missing willingness of the patient for cooperation may induce an increase in musculoskeletal load for
the caregiver.
Note 3 to entry: Other types of patient classifications are mentioned in C.4.
Abbreviated terms
NC totally non-cooperating patient
PC partially cooperating patient
MSD musculoskeletal disorders
MPH manual patient handling
LBP low-back or lower-back pain
PU  pressure ulcer
3 Recommendations
3.1 General aspects
A systematic review of patient handling literature shows that a strategy for risk assessment, application of
engineering controls and management must be comprehensive (multifactor inte
...