EN 14734:2022
(Main)Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von Holzarten zur Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt ein Laborverfahren zur Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von Holz fest, um die wahrscheinliche Reaktion unterschiedlicher Holzarten auf die Imprägnierung mit Holzschutzmitteln zu bestimmen. Es ist auch dazu anzuwenden, Abweichungen zwischen Proben derselben Holzart, jedoch unterschiedlicher Herkunft, zu untersuchen.
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Détermination de l'imprégnabilité d'essences de bois par des produits de préservation - Méthode de laboratoire
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de laboratoire permettant de déterminer l'imprégnabilité du bois, afin de prévoir la réaction probable de différentes essences de bois à une imprégnation par des produits de préservation. Il peut aussi être appliqué pour vérifier les variations entre les échantillons de la même essence mais d'une origine différente.
Trajnost lesa in lesnih proizvodov - Ugotavljanje možnosti za impregnacijo lesnih vrst z biocidnimi proizvodi za zaščito lesa - Laboratorijska metoda
Ta dokument opisuje laboratorijsko metodo za določanje možnosti impregnacije lesa, da se opredeli verjetna reakcija različnih vrst lesa na impregnacijo s sredstvi za zaščito lesa. Uporablja se lahko tudi za proučevanje razlik med vzorci iste vrste, vendar različnega izvora.
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 14734:2022 - Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method - is a CEN laboratory procedure to objectively evaluate how different timber species (and samples of the same species from different origins) respond to preservative impregnation. The method produces penetration and treatability data used to inform treatment specifications and compliance (for example in EN 351-1).
Key topics and technical requirements
- Purpose: Determine likely reaction of sapwood or heartwood to impregnation with wood preservatives and quantify penetration.
- Test specimens: Minimum ten specimens (recommended 20 to capture variability), each from a different plank; typical cross-section (40 ± 0.3) mm × (40 ± 0.3) mm and length ~750 mm; moisture content at test between 13 % and 18 %.
- Reagents: Standard aqueous indicator system using copper sulfate pentahydrate (50 g/kg solution) and an indicator such as chrome azurol S (0.5 g + 5 g sodium acetate / 100 ml) to visualise penetration.
- Apparatus & conditions: Ordinary lab equipment plus a treatment vessel with vacuum and pressure capability. The procedure applies a vacuum (document specifies (1,0 ± 0,5) kPa) for 45 minutes, followed by filling with solution and a pressure phase (document specifies a pressure period of 120 minutes).
- Procedure steps: moisture and density determination (oven-dry), vacuum-pressure impregnation with copper sulfate solution, drying below fibre saturation point, splitting specimens, application of indicator to cross-sections and longitudinal surfaces, and measurement of axial and lateral penetration (minimum and average values).
- Data handling: Assign treatability classes for individual samples and sets; the method supports objective classification used by EN 351-1 and complements subjective classifications such as EN 350.
- Reporting: Test report requirements and sampling guidance are provided (Annex A and B give sampling and report examples).
Applications and users
- Who uses it: Independent testing laboratories, timber processors, wood-preservative manufacturers, researchers, certification bodies and specifiers involved in wood durability and preservation.
- Practical uses:
- Assessing whether a species or batch is suitable for pressure impregnation treatments.
- Supporting treatment specifications and quality control for preservative penetration and retention.
- Providing objective data for regulatory compliance and product standards (e.g., selection of treatability class for EN 351-1).
Related standards
- EN 351-1 (treatment specification based on penetration/retention)
- EN 350 (subjective treatability and natural durability guidance)
- Supersedes CEN/TR 14734:2004; prepared by CEN/TC 38.
Keywords: EN 14734:2022, treatability, timber impregnation, wood preservatives, laboratory method, copper sulfate, penetration measurement, treatability classes, wood durability.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 14734:2022 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method". This standard covers: This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
EN 14734:2022 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 14734:2022 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to CEN/TR 14734:2004, EN 14734:2022/AC:2023. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 14734:2022 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 305/2011. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2022
Trajnost lesa in lesnih proizvodov - Ugotavljanje možnosti za impregnacijo lesnih
vrst z biocidnimi proizvodi za zaščito lesa - Laboratorijska metoda
Durability of wood and wood-based products - Determination of treatability of timber
species to be impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory method
Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten - Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von
Holzarten zur Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Détermination de l'imprégnabilité
d'essences de bois par des produits de préservation - Méthode de laboratoire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14734:2022
ICS:
71.100.50 Kemikalije za zaščito lesa Wood-protecting chemicals
79.040 Les, hlodovina in žagan les Wood, sawlogs and sawn
timber
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 14734
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 79.040 Supersedes CEN/TR 14734:2004
English Version
Durability of wood and wood-based products -
Determination of treatability of timber species to be
impregnated with wood preservatives - Laboratory
method
Durabilité du bois et des matériaux dérivés du bois - Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten -
Détermination de l'imprégnabilité d'essences de bois Bestimmung der Tränkbarkeit von Holzarten zur
par des produits de préservation - Méthode de Tränkung mit Holzschutzmitteln - Laborverfahren
laboratoire
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 April 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14734:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 5
5 Reagents . 5
5.1 Copper sulfate pentahydrate, at least 98 % pure, solution of 50 g/kg. . 5
5.2 Indicator solution. 5
5.3 Sealing compound . 5
6 Apparatus . 6
7 Preparation of test specimens . 7
8 Procedure. 7
8.1 Moisture content and density determination . 7
8.2 Impregnation of test specimens (standard procedure) . 7
8.3 Measurement of penetration . 8
9 Data handling. 9
9.1 Treatability classes for individual test samples . 9
9.2 Differentiation between treatability classes 3 and 4 . 10
9.3 Assignation of a treatability class to a set of specimens . 10
10 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Guidance on sampling . 12
A.1 General . 12
A.2 Origin of the material . 12
A.3 Homogeneity of the sample . 12
A.4 Heartwood . 12
A.5 Saw pattern . 13
A.6 Seasoning . 13
A.7 Grading . 13
Annex B (informative) Example of a test report . 14
Bibliography . 16
European foreword
This document (EN 14734:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of
wood and wood-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 14734:2004.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The basis for this document was prepared as being part of the work for SMT project MAT-CT 94061
project number 3307: Improvement of CEN standards by short term methods for testing the natural
durability and treatability of solid wood and wood based panel products.
It provides the means whereby the treatability of sapwood or heartwood of different wood species can
be determined in order to determine likely reaction to impregnation with wood preservatives. Such an
assessment provides data for use in EN 351-1 which establishes a system for specifying the treatment of
wood with wood preservatives based upon the penetration and retention of preservatives achieved by
the treatment process. EN 351-1 recognizes that different wood species respond to treatment differently
depending on their ability to absorb preservative, and requires a different level of compliance depending
on the treatability of the wood concerned. While EN 350 includes a subjective classification of the
treatability of different wood species using a four class system, the method described in this document
provides the means to determine the treatability objectively.
Although the method described uses an aqueous solution as the impregnating liquid, the method can be
modified using other preservative types, e.g. organic solvent or emulsion preparations, if the response of
the wood to a specific preservative is required. However, the method does not take account of
preservative formulations where the active ingredients are selectively adsorbed on to the wood substrate
resulting in the solvent penetrating more deeply than the biocides.
1 Scope
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the treatability of wood in order
to determine the likely reaction of different wood species to impregnation with wood preservatives. It is
also applicable to investigate variation between samples of the same species but of different origin.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
After moisture and density determination of each of the test specimens, a set of test specimens is
impregnated with copper sulfate solution in accordance with a standard test procedure. After application
of an indicator solution to the exposed cross-section and to one of the exposed longitudinal surfaces of
each of test specimens, the lateral and axial penetration is measured and the treatability class is
evaluated.
5 Reagents
5.1 Copper sulfate pentahydrate, at least 98 % pure, solution of 50 g/kg
Dissolve 50 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO • 5H O) in 950 g water, preferably deionized.
4 2
NOTE The volume of copper sulfate solution required will depend on the capacity of the impregnation
apparatus.
5.2 Indicator solution
For the indication of the penetration an indicator solution, e.g. chrome azurol S, can be used. Dissolve
0,5 g chrome azurol S and 5 g sodium acetate in 100 ml water.
Other indicators can be used but should have at least the same sensitivity to copper as chrome azurol S.
5.3 Sealing compound
A sealing compound which is inert to the copper sulfate solution (5.1) and unaffected by the test
conditions.
6 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus and:
6.1 Balance, capable of weighing with maximum permissible error of 0,01 g.
6.2 Conditioning chamber, well ventilated and controlled at (20 ± 2) °C and (65 ± 5) % relative
humidity.
6.3 Measuring devices, capable of measuring the dimensions of test sample size of up to 40 mm and
1000 mm, respectively, and to a maximum uncertainty of measurement of 0,1 mm.
6.4 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (103 ± 2) °C.
6.5 Desiccator, with efficient desiccant (silica gel for example).
6.6 Treatment vessel, consisting of a chamber and header tank with ancillary vacuum and pressure
pumps capable of exerting a vacuum of (1 ± 0,5) kPa and a pressure of (10 ± 1) × 10 kPa. The pipe work
between the treatment vessel and the pumps shall be designed so that adding or draining treatment
solutions can be achieved while maintaining the existing pressure in the vessel. A typical treatment vessel
with connected pumps and storage tank is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 storage tank
2 pump
3 vacuum pump
4 treatment vessel (chamber)
PI pressure gauge
Figure 1 — Typical treatment vessel (with connected pumps and storage tank)
7 Preparation of test specimens
Prepare a minimum of ten test specimens, each from a different plank of the wood species under test (see
also 8.2). The test specimens shall be characterized and marked appropriately so that a distinguishment
between heartwood and sapwood zones are made. The wood shall be sound, straight-grained and
without knots and the visible features of the wood shall be given for example: resin pockets, cross-grain,
widths of annual rings and proportion of latewood. At the time of test, the moisture content of the test
specimens shall be between 13 % and 18 %.
NOTE It is important that the timber tested is representative of the population from which it comes. Guidance
on the sampling of timber is provided in Annex A.
20 test specimens should be used to take into account variability between specimens.
From each plank, prepare a strip having a length of at least 800 mm and a cross-section of
(40 ± 0,3) mm × (40 ± 0,3) mm. When the sapwood zone is less than 40 mm wide it can be necessary to
limit the cross-section of each strip. The lateral surfaces shall be planed and shall be true radial and
tangential surfaces. Cross cut 15 mm to 20 mm from one end and discard. Cross cut a (10 ± 0,1) mm long
sample from the same end, for moisture content and density determination (see 8.1). Trim the other end
of the remaining length to give a test specimen (750 ± 1) mm long for impregnation. Number both test
specimens so as to retain the identity of the plank. Apply the sealing compound (5.3) to one cross-section
end of each test specimen for impregnation and allow to set. Inspect the end seal to ensure that it
completely covers the end grain and apply a second coat if required.
It is recommended that neither dimension of the cross-section is less than 20
...
SIST EN 14734:2022 표준은 목재 및 목재 기반 제품의 내구성을 다루는 중요한 문서로, 목재 방부제로 침투할 수 있는 목재 종의 처리 가능성을 결정하는 실험실 방법을 명확히 규명하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 범위는 다양한 목재 종이 방부제와의 침투 반응에 어떻게 달라지는지를 이해할 수 있도록 돕는 데 중점을 두고 있으며, 동일한 종이지만 서로 다른 기원을 가진 샘플 간의 변 variation을 조사하는 데에도 적용 가능합니다. 이 표준의 강점은 실험실에서의 일관된 방법론을 제공함으로써, 목재의 처리 가능성을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있게 해준다는 점입니다. 이는 산업 전반에서 목재 제품의 내구성과 안전성을 높이는 데 기여하며, 다양한 목재의 특성을 고려하여 보다 효율적인 방부제 사용을 가능하게 합니다. SIST EN 14734:2022는 목재 제품을 제조하고 사용하는 모든 이해관계자에게 창출할 수 있는 가치가 높습니다. 특히, 목재 제품의 내구성을 극대화하고 품질을 향상시키기 위한 연구개발에 필수적인 기준을 제시합니다. 따라서, 이 표준은 목재 산업의 현황과 미래 지향적인 발전에 중요한 역할을 수행할 것으로 보입니다.
Das Dokument SIST EN 14734:2022 bietet eine wichtige Grundlage für die Beurteilung der Behandelbarkeit von Holz- und Holzprodukten. Der Standard legt ein spezifisches Laborverfahren fest, das darauf abzielt, die Reaktion verschiedener Holzarten auf die Imprägnierung mit Holzschutzmitteln zu bestimmen. Diese Methodik ist nicht nur für die erstmalige Bewertung von Holzarten relevant, sondern ermöglicht auch die Untersuchung von Variationen innerhalb derselben Holzart, die aus unterschiedlichen Herkunftsregionen stammen. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des Standards ist seine Fähigkeit, eine fundierte Basis für die Auswahl geeigneter Holzschutzmittel zu bieten, was für die langlebige Anwendung von Holzprodukten entscheidend ist. Darüber hinaus fördert die Norm eine einheitliche und reproduzierbare Vorgehensweise in der Holzindustrie, was zur Qualitätssicherung der behandelten Holzprodukte beiträgt. Die Relevanz dieses Standards zeigt sich auch in seiner Anpassungsfähigkeit, da er nicht nur gängige Holzarten betrachtet, sondern auch die Variabilität innerhalb einer Spezies analysiert, was für Forscher und Praktiker von großem Nutzen ist. Die gründliche Analyse der Behandelbarkeit fördert das Verständnis der Mechanismen, die bei der Imprägnierung von Holz wirken, und stellt sicher, dass die richtigen Entscheidungen für den Schutz und die Haltbarkeit von Holzprodukten getroffen werden. Insgesamt stellt der SIST EN 14734:2022 Standard einen wichtigen Schritt in Richtung eines besseren Schutzes und einer erhöhten Langlebigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukte dar, indem er eine präzise und wissenschaftlich fundierte Methodik zur Verfügung stellt.
La norme EN 14734:2022 est un document essentiel qui traite de la durabilité du bois et des produits à base de bois, se concentrant particulièrement sur la détermination de la capacité de traitement des espèces de bois à être imprégnées de préservatifs de bois. Cette norme fournit une méthode de laboratoire rigoureuse pour évaluer la réactivité potentielle de différentes espèces de bois face à ces produits de traitement. L'un des points forts de la norme EN 14734:2022 réside dans sa capacité à non seulement déterminer la traitabilité de diverses espèces de bois, mais également à examiner les variations qui peuvent exister entre des échantillons de la même espèce provenant d'origines différentes. Cela permet une approche précise et nuancée qui est cruciale pour les professionnels évoluant dans les domaines du traitement du bois et de la construction. La norme offre un cadre méthodologique standardisé, essentiel pour garantir que les essais effectués soient cohérents et reproductibles. Cela favorise non seulement la transparence dans les résultats obtenus, mais permet également de comparer les performances des différents produits de préservation sur le marché. Cela est particulièrement pertinent dans un contexte où l'évaluation de la durabilité des matériaux devient un enjeu majeur, tant d'un point de vue environnemental qu'économique. En somme, la norme EN 14734:2022 se distingue par sa pertinence dans l'industrie du bois, en fournissant des lignes directrices claires et des méthodes fiables pour l'évaluation de la traitabilité des espèces de bois. Sa contribution à la durabilité et à la qualité des produits à base de bois en fait un document incontournable pour les acteurs du secteur.
EN 14734:2022は、木材および木材製品の耐久性に関する重要な標準であり、木材防腐剤による浸透性の評価における重要な手順を提供します。この標準の主な目的は、異なる木材種が防腐処理に対して示す反応を実験室で評価するための方法論を確立することです。これにより、木材の利用可能性と耐久性の向上に寄与します。 この標準の強みは、木材のトリートメント性を定量的に判断するための一貫した実験手法が規定されている点です。特に、同一種であっても異なる起源のサンプル間の変動を調査する能力は、地域特有の木材の特性を理解し、最適な防腐処理を選定する際に非常に重要です。これにより、木材製品の長期間にわたる耐久性と品質の確保が可能になります。 さらに、EN 14734:2022は、工業界や研究機関にとっても有益です。この標準は、木材の防腐処理に関する信頼性のあるデータを提供するため、製品開発や品質管理のプロセスにおける意思決定を支援します。特に持続可能な林業と環境保護が求められる現代において、木材製品の処理方法の適正化はますます重要になっています。 このように、EN 14734:2022は、木材の防腐処理に関する科学的な理解を深めるための道筋を示しており、木材産業における実用的な適用においても、その重要性が増します。この標準の採用により、プロの木材加工業者や研究者は、木材の特性を最大限に引き出し、持続可能な利用を促進することができるでしょう。
The EN 14734:2022 standard provides a comprehensive framework for assessing the treatability of various wood species intended for impregnation with wood preservatives. This document specifies a laboratory method tailored for evaluating how different timber species respond to treatment, which is critical in ensuring the effective use of wood preservatives and enhancing the durability of wood and wood-based products. The scope of EN 14734:2022 is clearly articulated, focusing on not only the assessment of treatability among different species but also addressing the potential variations within samples of the same species from different origins. This dual approach strengthens the standard's applicability, making it invaluable for manufacturers, researchers, and environmental agencies concerned with wood treatment practices. One of the significant strengths of this standard lies in its laboratory method, which offers a systematic and replicable process for determining the treatability of timber. By standardizing the approach to assess how well wood can be impregnated with preservatives, EN 14734:2022 enhances transparency and consistency in wood treatment practices. This is particularly relevant in industries where the longevity and performance of wooden products are paramount, such as construction and furniture manufacturing. Furthermore, the relevance of this standard extends to environmental considerations. By providing a reliable method for assessing treatability, EN 14734:2022 supports efforts to use wood preservatives more effectively, which can lead to reduced waste, improved sustainability, and prolonged product life cycles. This functionality aligns with growing global awareness regarding sustainable practices in material usage. Overall, the EN 14734:2022 standard serves as an essential reference for those involved in the treatment of wood and wood-based products, delivering significant insights into the treatability of timber species and fostering a more sustainable approach to wood preservation.
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