EN 61040:1992
(Main)Power and energy measuring detectors, instruments and equipment for laser radiation
Power and energy measuring detectors, instruments and equipment for laser radiation
This standard lays down definitions and minimum requirements, as well as suitable test procedures, for the characteristics and manufacturing standards for detectors, instruments and equipment for the measurement of power and energy of laser radiation.
Empfänger, Meßgeräte und Anlagen zur Messung von Leistung und Energie von Laserstrahlung
Détecteurs, instruments et matériels de mesurage de puissance et d'énergie des rayonnements laser
L'objet de cette norme est d'établir les définitions et les prescriptions minimales ainsi que les procédures applicables aux essais pour les caractéristiques et les normes de fabrication des détecteurs, instruments et matériels de mesurage de puissance et d'énergie des rayonnements laser.
Power and energy measuring detectors, instruments and equipment for laser radiation (IEC 61040:1990)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-1999
Power and energy measuring detectors, instruments and equipment for laser
radiation (IEC 61040:1990)
Power and energy measuring detectors, instruments and equipment for laser radiation
Empfänger, Meßgeräte und Anlagen zur Messung von Leistung und Energie von
Laserstrahlung
Détecteurs, instruments et matériels de mesurage de puissance et d'énergie des
rayonnements laser
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61040:1992
ICS:
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1990-12
Détecteurs,
instruments et matériels de
mesurage
de puissance et
d'énergie des
rayonnements
laser
Power and energy measuring detectors,
instruments and equipment for laser radiation
© IEC 1990 Droits
de reproduction réservés — Copyright - all rights reserved
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1040 ©
IEC
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 7
Clause
1 Scope and object 9
2 Terminology 9
2.1 Calibration 9
2.2 Calibration factor 9
2.3 Detector 9
2.4 Equipment (for measuring laser power or energy) 9
2.5 Error of measurement 9
2.6 Fall time constant 11
2.7 Indicator (for a laser detector) 11
2.8 Individual uncertainties 11
2.9 Instrument (for measuring laser power or energy) 11
2.10 Irradiance 11
2.11 Laser 11
2.12 Laser detector 11
2.13 Laser radiation
2.14 Measurement result 13
2.15 Optical spectral range 13
2.16 Radiant energy 13
2.17 Radiant exposure 13
2.18 Radiant power (radiant flux) 13
2.19 Range of application 13
2.20 Relative uncertainty 13
2.21 Response time constant 13
2.22 Responsivity 15
2.23 Root-sum-square uncertainty 15
2.24 Calibration spectral bandwidth 15
2.25 Spectral responsivity 15
2.26 Uncertainty of measurement 15
2.27 Waiting time 15
2.28 Zero drift 15
3 Requirements 15
3.1 Minimum requirements 17
3.2 Additional requirements for a detector, an instrument or
equipment with specification of an accuracy class 17
3.3 Calibration 19
3.4 Overload 19
3.5 User's possibility of checking proper operation 19
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Clause Page
4 Tests 21
4.1 Change of responsivity with time 21
4.2 Spatial change of responsivity (non-uniformity) 21
4.3 Change of responsivity during irradiation 21
4.4 Temperature dependence of responsivity 23
4.5 Dependence of responsivity on the angle of incidence for
non-polarized radiation 23
4.6 Dependence of responsivity on radiant power or radiant
energy (non-linearity) 23
4.7 Wavelength dependence of responsivity 23
4.8 Dependence of responsivity on the angle of incidence for
polarized radiation 23
4.9 Averaging with respect to time 23
4.10 Zero drift 25
4.11 Calibration 25
4.12 Overload 25
5 Operating instructions 25
5.1 Characteristic data 27
5.2 Limiting values 27
5.3 29
Special instructions for operation
5.4 Power range (energy range)
5.5 Adjustment 29
5.6 Damage 29
5.7 Hazards 29
5.8 Maintenance 29
5.9 Storage conditions 29
5.10 Limits of checking the proper operation 29
6 31
Designation and inscriptions
1040 © IEC - 7 -
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
POWER AND ENERGY MEASURING DETECTORS, INSTRUMENTS AND
EQUIPMENT FOR LASER RADIATION
FOREWORD
1) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters,
prepared by Technical Committees on which all the National Committees
having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly
as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects
dealt with.
2)
They have the form of recommendations for international use and they
are accepted by the National Committees
in that sense.
3)
In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the
wish that all National Committees should adopt the text of the IEC
recommendation for their national rules in so far as national con-
ditions will permit. Any divergence between the IEC recommendation and
the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly
indicated in the latter.
This standard has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee No. 76:
Laser equipment.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Six Months' Report
Two Months' Report
Rule on Voting
Procedure on Voting
76(CO)14 76(CO)17
76(CO)18 76(CO)20
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be
found in the Voting Reports indicated in the above table.
The foIIo,aing IEC publications are quoted in this standard:
Publications Nos. 825 (1984): Radiation safety of laser products,
equipment classification, requirements and
user's guide.
1010-1 (1990): Safety requirements - Electrical equipment
for measurement control and laboratory
use - Part 1: General requirements.
1040 ©IEC - 9 -
POWER AND ENERGY MEASURING
DETECTORS, INSTRUMENTS AND
EQUIPMENT FOR LASER RADIATION
1 Scope and object
This standard is applicable to instruments and equipment measuring the
laser radiant power and laser radiant energy in the optical spectral range
(with wavelength from 100 nm to 1 mm) . If detectors are offered
separately, this standard is also applicable to them.
The object of this standard is to lay down definitions and minimum re-
quirements as well as suitable test procedures for the characteristics and
the manufacturing standards for detectors, instruments and equipment for
the measurement of power and energy of laser radiation.
For the electrical safety of indicators and equipment, see IEC 1010-1.
2 Terminology
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:
2.1 Calibration
The set of operations which establish, under specified conditions, the
relationship between values indicated by the measuring instrument or
output signal of the detector and the corresponding known values of a
measurand.
NOTE - The result of a calibration is sometimes expressed as a cali-
bration factor or as a series of calibration factors in the form of a
calibration curve.
2.2 Calibration factor
Quotient of instrument indication by the detector input quantity.
2.3 Detector
See laser detector.
2.4
Equipment (for measuring laser power or energy)
Instrument measuring laser power or energy combined with auxiliary
devices.
2.5 Error of measurement
The difference between measured value and true value of a measurand.
1040 © IEC
2.6 Fall time constant
The time required for the detector output to fall, after a removal of a
steady input, from its initial value to the fraction
of its total change.
é
2.7 Indicator (for a laser detector)
Device to indicate the detector output in radiometric units.
2.8 Individual uncertainties
When a measurement result y depends on various (noncorrelated) influence
quantities x
i (i = 1, 2, 3 .), its uncertainty, which is caused only by the
uncertainty Ax- when determining on fixing the variable x•, is an indi-
vidual uncertainty l^y^. 1
a
It is approximately given by Dye = Axe
ez ^
2.9 Instrument (for measuring laser power or energy)
Combination of a laser detector and an indicator.
2.10 Irradiance
At a point of a surface, the quotient of the radiant power df incident
on an element dA of a surface containing the point by the area to that
element.
E
Symbol: E =
dA
Unit: W/m2
2.11 Laser
Any device which can be made to produce or amplify electromagnetic
radiation in the optical spectral range primarily by the process of con-
trolled stimulated emission. (See IEC 825.)
2.12 Laser detector (brief: detector)
A device which transduces radiant power or radiant energy into another,
usually electrical, quantity without signal processing or indication.
2.13
Laser radiation
All electromagnetic radiation emitted by a laser product in the optical
spectral range which is produced as a result of controlled stimulated
emission.
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2.14 Measurement result
The value obtained after applying all appropriate corrections (including
calibration factor) to the indicated value.
2.15 Optical spectral range
Wavelength range between 100 nm and 1 mm of the electromagnetic radi-
ation.
2.16
Radiant energy
Energy emitted, transferred, or received in the form of radiation.
Symbol: Q.
Unit: J
2.17 Radiant exposure
At a point on a surface, the radiant energy incident on an element of a
surface divided by the area of that element.
Symbol: H H = $E dt
d =
Unit: J/m2
2.18 Radiant power (radiant flux)
Power emitted, transferred, or received in the form of radiation.
=dQ
Symbol: I
Unit: W
2.19 Range of application
The range within which all parameters of the detector, instrument or
equipment significant for reliable measurements are known within the
accuracy of the class and where there is no overload hazard for the
detector.
2.20 Relative uncertainty
The uncertainty of measurement divided by the true value of the measur-
and.
2.21 Response time constant
The time required for a detector output to rise from its initial value to
(1 -
1) of its final value, when a steady input is instantaneously applied.
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2.22 Responsivity
Quotient of the detector output quantity Y by the detector input quan-
tity
X.
Symbol: s s = Y/X
2.23
Root-sum-square uncertainty
Square root of the sum of squares of the individual uncertainties.
2.24 Calibration spectral bandwidth
Wavelength interval within which the spectral responsivity changes at the
most by 1/10 of the calibration uncertainty under otherwise constant
conditions.
2.25 Spectral responsivity
Quotient of the detector output increment dY(X) to the monochromatic
detector input quantity increment dX(X) at a wavelength X as a function of
the wavelength.
Symbol: s(X) s(X) - dY(X)
2.26 Uncertainty of measurement
An estimate characterizing the range of values within which the true value
of measurand lies at a 95 confidence level.
2.27 Waiting time
Interval between the beginning of the irradiation of the detector surface
with constant radiant power and the approximation of the detector output
or instrument indication to its final stationary value to up to 1/10 of the
calibration uncertainty.
2.28 Zero drift
The change of a detector output or an instrument indication is referred to
as zero drift if this change occurs without irradiation of the detector
surface.
3 Requirements
All detectors, instruments and equipment for measuring laser radiation
shall be suitably calibrated, pass the overload test and meet the minimum
requirements specified in Sub-clause 3.1.
When the range, where the minimum requirements are met, depends on
certain parameters:
a) These parameters and their tolerable ranges shall be stated, and
b) the devices shall continue to satisfy the requirements of Sub-
clause 3.1.
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3.1
Minimum requirements
When applying the test methods and test conditions laid down in clause 4,
the following errors of measurement shall not be exceeded. When some of
the error sources mentioned are insignificant due to the limited applica-
bility of a detector or instrument indicated by the manufacturer, they can
be neglected (e.g. the wavelength dependence of responsivity in the case
of a measuring instrument which is only intended for a certain laser wave-
length). If the tests are to apply to an instrument or an equipment instead
of a detector, the responsivity shall be replaced by the calibration factor.
3.1.1 Change of responsivity with time
±5
3.1.2
Non-uniformity of responsivity over the detector surface ±5 %
3.1.3 Change of responsivity during irradiation
±2
3.1.4
Temperature dependence of responsivity ±5
3.1.5
Dependence of responsivity on the angle of incidence for non-
polarized radiation ±2 %
3.1.6 Dependence of responsivity on radiant power or radiant energy
(non-linearity) ±5 %
3.1.7
Wavelength dependence of responsivity ±5
3.1.8
Polarization dependence of responsivity for linearly polarized
±2 %
radiation
3.1.9
Errors of averaging with respect to time of repetitively pulsed
radiation
±5 %
3.1.10
Zero drift ±5 %
3.1.11
Calibration uncertainty ±10
3.2 Additional requirements for a detector, an instrument or equipment
with specification of an accuracy class
For the classification in a special accuracy class (referred to as class in
the following), all error sources mentioned in Sub-clauses 3.1.1 to 3.1.11
shall be taken into account unless they are insignificant due to the limited
applicability of the detector, instrument or equipment indicated by the
manufacturer.
If the errors of measurement due to temperature dependence, non-linearity
or wavelength dependence of responsivity are corrected by the user by
means of tables, graphic representations or functional correlations to the
extent that class accuracy is complied with, the letter "L" (for limited)
shall be added to the class designation. The same applies when only by
means of a correction procedure, or only in special air-conditioned rooms,
the zero drift can be kept so small that the error of measurement caused
by it is compatible with the class accuracy.
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NOTE - The class designation provides a rough estimation of the
measurement uncertainty in per cent. An exact statement on the measure-
ment uncertainty is only possible in the individual case by analyzing
the measurement conditions and the individual uncertainties. It can be
larger or smaller than estimated by the class designations.
3.2.1 Class 20
Detectors, instruments and equipment meeting the requirements of Sub-
clause 3.1 are included in class 20.
3.2.2 Class 10
The sum of the absolute amounts of th
...
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