EN 60244-11:1993
(Main)Methods of measurement for radio transmitters - Part 11: Transposers for FM sound broadcasting
Methods of measurement for radio transmitters - Part 11: Transposers for FM sound broadcasting
Applies to transposers operating in accordance with CCIR Recommendation 450 for FM sound broadcasting at VHF, including stereophony. Also covers requirements for other multiplexed subcarrier services. Lays down detailed methods of measurements, selected and recommended for assessing the essential performance and general characteristics of FM sound broadcasting transposers.
Meßverfahren für Funksender - Teil 11: Umsetzer für FM-Tonrundfunk
Méthodes de mesure applicables aux émetteurs radioélectriques - Partie 11: Réémetteurs pour la radiodiffusion sonore à modulation de fréquence
Concerne les réémetteurs destinés à la radiodiffusion sonore en VHF à modulation de fréquence, y compris en stéréophonie, conformément à la Recommandation 450 du CCIR. Couvre également les besoins d'autres services à sous-porteuse multiplexée. Décrit en détail les méthodes de mesure choisies et recommandées pour évaluer les principales caractéristiques générales et la qualité de fonctionnement des réémetteurs de radiodiffusion sonore à modulation de fréquence.
Methods of measurement for radio transmitters - Part 11: Transposers for FM sound broadcasting (IEC 60244-11:1989)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-1999
Methods of measurement for radio transmitters - Part 11: Transposers for FM
sound broadcasting (IEC 60244-11:1989)
Methods of measurement for radio transmitters -- Part 11: Transposers for FM sound
broadcasting
Meßverfahren für Funksender -- Teil 11: Umsetzer für FM-Tonrundfunk
Méthodes de mesure applicables aux émetteurs radioélectriques -- Partie 11:
Réémetteurs pour la radiodiffusion sonore à modulation de fréquence
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60244-11:1993
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60244-11
INTERNATIONAL
Première
édition
STANDARD
First edition
1989-01
Méthodes de mesure applicables aux
émetteurs radioélectriques
Onzième partie:
Réémetteurs pour la radiodiffusion sonore
à modulation de fréquence
Methods of measurement for radio transmitters
Part 11:
Transposers for FM sound broadcasting
© IEC 1989 Droits de reproduction réservés —
Copyright - all rights reserved
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of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
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procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
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244-11 © I E C — 3 —
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
PREFACE 5
INTRODUCTION
Clause
1. Scope 7
2. Object
SECTION ONE - GENERAL CONDITIONS OF OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT
3. Definition 9
4. Input and output signal arrangement 9
5. General conditions regarding input signal source and test load
6. Terms and definitions for input and output signals
7. General conditions of operation 13
SECTION Two - INPUT AND OUTPUT LEVELS AND GENERAL TRANSPOSER CHARACTERISTICS
8. Input impedance mismatch 13
9. Adjustment and measurement of input levels 13
10. Automatic gain control 13
11. Adjustment and measurement of output power 15
12. Frequency
13. Internally generated unwanted signals at the transposer input 17
SECTION THREE - TRANSMISSION PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
14. Amplitude/baseband-frequency characteristic
15. Audio-frequency harmonic distortion
16. Harmonic distortion in the coded channels of a stereophonic service 19
17. Crosstalk attenuation (stereophonic separation) 21
18. Linear and non-linear crosstalk between A and B channels
19. Baseband-frequency intermodulation
20. Transmission performance for supplementary services (under consideration)
SECTION FOUR - UNWANTED MODULATION AND SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
21. Introduction
Unwanted frequency modulation 25
22.
Unwanted amplitude modulation 29
23.
24. Unwanted modulation in the presence of an interfering input signal 31
25. Unwanted modulation signals in the presence of two interfering input signals 33
26. Spurious emissions in the absence of interfering input signals 33
27. Spurious emissions in the presence of interfering input signals 33
28. Changes in performance caused by feedback from output to input
APPENDIX A - Input impedance 39
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
FOR RADIO TRANSMITTERS
Part 11: Transposers for FM sound broadcasting
FOREWORD
1) The formal decisions or agreements of the I EC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the National
Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion
on the subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt the text
of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergence between the
IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter.
PREFACE
This standard has been prepared by Sub-Committee 12C: Transmitting equipment, of IEC Technical Committee No. 12:
Radiocommunications.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Six Months' Rule Report on Voting
12C(CO)203 12C(CO)209
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the Voting Report indicated in the table above.
The following IEC Publications are quoted in this standard:
Publications Nos.: 244 : Methods of measurement for radio transmitters.
244-1 (1968) : Part 1: General conditions of measurement, frequency, output power and power con-
sumption.
244-1A (1968) : First supplement: Appendices.
244-2 (1969) : Part 2: Bandwidth, out-of-band power and power of non-essential oscillations.
244-2A (1969) : First supplement: Appendices.
244-2B (1969) : Second supplement: Modulating signals for the measurement of bandwidth and out-of-
band power of transmitters for telephony and sound broadcasting.
244-3 (1972) : Part 3: Wanted and unwanted modulation.
244-3A (1971) : First supplement: Appendices.
244-3B (1972) : Second supplement: Unwanted modulation, including hum and noise modulation.
244-4 (1973) : Part 4: Amplitude/ frequency characteristics and non-linearity distortion in transmitters for
radiotelephony and sound broadcasting.
244-12 (1989) : Guidelines for drawing up descriptive leaflets for transmitters and transposers for sound
and television broadcasting.
487-1 (1984) : Methods of measurement for equipment used in terrestrial radio-relay systems, Part 1:
Measurements common to sub-systems and simulated radio-relay systems.
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METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
FOR RADIO TRANSMITTERS
Part 11: Transposers for FM sound broadcasting
INTRODUCTION
This standard is one of a series of parts of IEC Publication 244, describing recommended methods
of measurement for assessing the performance of radio transmitters.
A number of the existing parts of I E C Publication 244 are currently under review and several of the
older parts will be revised or withdrawn. When this process is complete, the overall publication will
comprise one part dealing with general characteristics, with cross-references to relevant CCIR publications
and the Radio Regulations, and a number of specialist parts, each dealing with a particular type of
transmitter.
This new part, therefore, incorporates all recommended measurements for FM sound broadcasting
transposers in a single publication and supersedes all clauses dealing with FM broadcasting transposers
in the following publications:
Publication 244-2, first edition, 1969
Publication 244-2A, first edition, 1969
Publication 244-2B, first edition, 1969
Publication 244-3, first edition, 1972
Publication 244-3A, first edition, 1971
Publication 244-3B, first edition, 1972
Publication 244-4, first edition, 1973
1. Scope
This standard applies to transposers, as defined in Clause 3, operating in accordance with current
CCIR Recommendation 450 for FM sound broadcasting at VHF, including stereophony. It also
covers requirements for other multiplexed subcarrier services.
2. Object
This standard lays down detailed methods of measurements, selected and recommended for
assessing the essential performance and general characteristics of FM sound broadcasting trans-
posers. It is not mandatory to measure all the defined characteristics. Fewer or additional measure-
ments may be appropriate. Any additional measurements should preferably be in accordance with
relevant standards published by the IEC or by other international bodies.
Limiting values for acceptable performance are not specified, as these are normally given in the
equipment specification, or in requirements laid down by the responsible regulating bodies.
This standard shall be used in conjunction with IEC Publications 244-1 and 244-1A (now being
revised) or, in due course, with the future edition replacing these publications.
I E C — 9 —
244-11 ©
For guidance on the information to be given in descriptive leaflets particular to the type of equip-
ment considered in this standard, refer to the relevant sections of IEC Publication 244-12.
The methods of measurement described in this standard are intended for type tests but they may
also be used for acceptance tests and factory tests. (See IEC Publication 244-1 for the meaning of
these terms.)
SECTION ONE - GENERAL CONDITIONS OF OPERATION
AND MEASUREMENT
Definition
3.
The term "FM sound broadcasting transposer" is used in this standard to refer to that equipment
in an FM sound broadcasting relay station which is connected between the feeder terminations of
the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, and in which a frequency transposition is per-
formed without demodulation. The majority of the measurements apply also to a receiver/trans-
mitter combination.
Any device for the suppression of unwanted signals, irrespective of whether or not it is located
inside the transposer, shall be considered to be part of the transposer for the purpose of this
standard.
4. Input and output signal arrangement
For the purpose of measurement, the transposer can be considered in terms of input and output
characteristics, and of transmission performance.
Depending on the particular measurements, one of the three measuring arrangements described
below may be employed. Details of the arrangements are given in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
The modulating signals for the test transmitters in Figures 1 to 3 shall be provided by:
- one or more baseband (audio) signal generators,
- a high quality stereo coder of specified characteristics,
auxiliary devices for the supplementary multiplexed subcarrier services, if required.
-
All measurements concerning transmission performance are carried out with baseband signals at
the output of the test demodulator or, for some stereo tests, at the output of a high quality stereo
decoder.
Because the results of these measurements are critically dependent on the performance of the test
equipment, it is necessary first to check the overall performance of the test equipment in the absence
of the transposer.
5. General conditions regarding input signal source and test load
5.1 Input signal source
The rated load impedance of the test transmitter shall be equal to the nominal input impedance
of the transposer over the whole FM broadcasting band.
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5.2 Test load
The transposer shall be terminated with a test load, the impedance of which, expressed in terms
of return loss relative to the nominal load impedance of the transposer, shall not be less than:
- 26 dB at frequencies within the FM broadcasting band at the output of the transposer.
- 16 dB at frequencies of any measured unwanted frequency outside this band.
5.3 Connection of measuring equipment to the transposer
The preferred arrangement for the test load for low power transposers is an attenuator, the output
of which is used to feed the radio-frequency test equipment.
Alternatively, especially for high power transposers, the test equipment may be connected to the
transposer output through a calibrated directional coupler or suitable matching network inserted
in the line between the transposer and the test load.
Any measuring instruments used at the input of the transposer are connected to the input through
a calibrated directional coupler or suitable matching network inserted in the line between the input
signal source and the transposer.
The terms "connected to the input" and "connected to the output" will hereafter be used for test
equipment connected as described above.
6. Terms and definitions for input and output signals
6.1 Test signals
a) Monophonic signal
The monophonic test input signal is a signal at the appropriate carrier frequency, modulated by
the standard reference audio-frequency (<_ 1 000 Hz), with a specified frequency deviation. If
required, other audio modulation frequencies may be chosen.
b) Stereophonic signal
The stereophonic input test signal is a signal at the appropriate carrier frequency modulated by
a coded stereo (multiplex) signal in accordance with the standard concerned.
The standard reference audio-frequency, <_ 1 000 Hz, shall be applied to both left-hand channel
A and right-hand channel B, or to one of them only, as required for each particular test. The
frequency deviation for each component of the multiplex stereo signal shall be specified and shall
comply with the standard concerned. When required, other audio modulating frequencies may
be chosen.
c) Additional supplementary multiplexed subcarrier services
When required, additional supplementary multiplexed subcarrier services, with specified charac-
teristics, shall be introduced in the test signal.
6.2 Definitions relating to the transposer input signal
a) Input voltage
The r.m.s. voltage of a frequency modulated r.f. carrier at the input of the transposer expressed
in µV or dB(xV).
b) Reference input level
The reference input level for a monophonic or stereophonic input signal is 60 dB(µV), i.e. 1 mV.
c) Input voltage range
The input voltage range of a transposer is the range of input voltage within which the transposer
performance specifications apply.
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6.3 Definitions relating to the output signal
a) Rated output po
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