EN 60107-1:1997

Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions - Part 1: General considerations - Measurements at radio and video frequencies

Deals with the standard conditions and methods of measurement on television receivers that conform to the terrestrial broadcast television standards specified by the ITU-R. Such receivers may be used for direct off-air reception, reception via cabled networks or as a monitor for prerecorded video, home movies and games among other applications. Deals with the determination of performance and permits the comparison of equipment by listing the characteristics which are useful for specifications and by laying down uniform methods of measurement for these characteristics. performance requirements are not specified.

Meßverfahren für Empfänger von Fernseh-Rundfunksendungen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Vorschriften, Messungen bei Radio- und Videofrequenzen

Méthodes de mesures applicables aux récepteurs de télévision - Partie 1: Considérations générales - Mesures aux domaines radiofréquences et vidéofréquences

Se rapporte aux conditions et méthodes de mesures applicables aux récepteurs de télévision prévus pour la réception hertzienne terrestre. Ces derniers doivent être conformes aux systèmes de télévision spécifiés par l'UIT-R. De tels récepteurs peuvent être utilisés pour la réception hertzienne directe, pour la réception au travers des réseaux câblés, ou 'etre configurés en moniteur pour la visualisation par exemple de signaux vidéo enregistrés ou issus de consoles de jeux. Permet la détermination du niveau de performances d'équipements, ainsi que leur comparaison, en dressant la liste des caractéristiques représentatives, et en proposant des méthodes uniformes de mesures. Les performances exigées ne sont pas spécifiées.

Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions -- Part 1: General considerations – Measurements at radio and video frequencies (IEC 60107-1:1997)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-May-1997
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Nov-1997
• ICS: 33.160.20 - Radio receivers
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 100X - Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment and related sub-systems
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 100 - IEC_TC_100
• Parallel Committee: IEC/TC 100 - IEC_TC_100
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 05-May-1997
• Completion Date: 05-May-1997
• Ref Project: SIST EN 60107-1:1999 - Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions -- Part 1: General considerations - Measurements at radio and video frequencies

Overview

EN 60107-1:1997 (identical with IEC 60107-1:1997) - titled Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions - Part 1: General considerations - Measurements at radio and video frequencies - defines standard measurement conditions and uniform test methods for television receivers that conform to ITU‑R terrestrial broadcast standards. Published by CLC, this standard covers measurement methodology for receivers used for direct off‑air reception, cabled networks or as monitors for prerecorded video, home movies and games. It defines how to determine and compare receiver performance; it does not set pass/fail performance limits.

Key topics

EN 60107-1 focuses on measurement methods and includes:

• Definitions and types of receivers (off‑air, cable, monitor modes)
• General measurement conditions: test room, environmental and power conditions, stabilization and presentation of results
• Test signals: baseband video, audio and teletext test signals and RF television signal generation (reference modulation, carrier levels)
• Radiofrequency (RF) input arrangements and standard input levels
• Measuring equipment and setups: RF generators, spectrum analyzers, oscilloscopes, vectorscopes, video noise meters, luminance meters, audio distortion meters and passive devices
• Standard receiver settings and viewing conditions for repeatable tests
• Initial electrical/mechanical tests and power consumption
• Radiochannel characteristics: tuning, AFC/AGC behavior, sensitivity (gain/noise-limited), selectivity, intermodulation and other interference ratios
• Luminance and chrominance channels: amplitude and group delay responses, differential gain/phase, chrominance demodulation behavior (NTSC/PAL/SECAM considerations)
• Displayed picture characteristics: geometry, overscan, luminance/contrast, colour purity, convergence, white balance, resolution, viewing angle and display‑type specifics (CRT, projection, LCD, widescreen)
• Synchronization and scan stability: sync range, interlace quality, picture size stability

Applications and users

This standard is practical for:

• TV and monitor manufacturers for in‑house validation and R&D
• Independent test and conformity labs performing repeatable measurements
• Quality assurance and production test engineers
• Procurement specialists and technical spec writers comparing receiver characteristics
• Service centers and repair technicians needing standardized measurement procedures
• Regulators and certification bodies referencing measurement methods (not performance limits)

Related standards

• Other parts of the IEC/EN 60107 series (measurement methods for specific systems or additional parts)
• ITU‑R recommendations for terrestrial broadcast signal formats and modulation
• Manufacturer and test‑instrumentation guides that implement IEC/EN test procedures

Keywords: EN 60107-1, IEC 60107-1, television receiver measurement, RF measurements, video frequency measurements, TV test methods, ITU‑R, receiver performance comparison, TV measurement standard.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-1999
Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions --
Part 1: General considerations – Measurements at radio and video frequencies
(IEC 60107-1:1997)
Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions -- Part 1:
General considerations - Measurements at radio and video frequencies
Meßverfahren für Empfänger von Fernseh-Rundfunksendungen -- Teil 1: Allgemeine
Vorschriften, Messungen bei Radio- und Videofrequenzen
Méthodes de mesures applicables aux récepteurs de télévision -- Partie 1:
Considérations générales - Mesures aux domaines radiofréquences et vidéofréquences
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60107-1:1997
ICS:
33.160.25 Televizijski sprejemniki Television receivers
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60107-1
INTERNATIONAL
Troisième édition
STANDARD
Third edition
1997-04
Méthodes de mesures applicables
aux récepteurs de télévision –
Partie 1:
Considérations générales –
Mesures aux domaines radiofréquences
et vidéofréquences
Methods of measurement on receivers
for television broadcast transmissions –
Part 1:
General considerations –
Measurements at radio and video
frequencies
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l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher
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Telefax: [phone] IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
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International Electrotechnical Commission
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60107-1  IEC:1997 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 13
Clause
1 General . 15
1.1 Scope . 15
1.2 Normative references . 15
2 General explanation of terms . 19
2.1 Definitions . 19
2.2 Types of receivers . 19
2.3 Peripheral connectors . 21
3 General notes on measurement . 21
3.1 General conditions. 21
3.1.1 Operation conditions . 21
3.1.2 Test room . 21
3.1.3 Presentation of results . 21
3.1.4 Environmental conditions . 21
3.1.5 Precautions during measurement . 23
3.1.6 Power supply . 23
3.1.7 Stabilization period . 25
3.2 Test signals. 27
3.2.1 Video test signals . 27
3.2.2 Audio test signals . 41
3.2.3 Teletext test signals . 41
3.3 Radiofrequency (r.f.) television signal . 89
3.3.1 Carrier levels . 89
3.3.2 Reference modulation . 89
3.3.3 Test channels . 91
3.4 Radiofrequency input signals . 95
3.4.1 Radiofrequency input signal level . 95
3.4.2 Radiofrequency input arrangements . 95
3.4.3 Radiofrequency input to built-in antennas . 97
3.5 Measuring system and test instruments . 103
3.5.1 Measuring system . 103
3.5.2 Baseband test signal generators . 103
3.5.3 Television test modulator . 103

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 5 –
Clause Page
3.5.4 RF signal generator . 105
3.5.5 Spectrum analyzer . 105
3.5.6 Video noise meter . 105
3.5.7 Oscilloscope . 105
3.5.8 Vectorscope . 105
3.5.9 Audio level/distortion meter . 105
3.5.10 Passive devices . 107
3.5.11 Luminance meter and colorimeter . 107
3.5.12 Other optical measuring instruments . 107
3.6 Standard measuring conditions . 111
3.6.1 Standard input signal levels . 111
3.6.2 Standard output signal levels . 111
3.6.3 Standard receiver settings . 115
3.6.4 Standard viewing conditions . 117
3.6.5 General conditions . 119
4 Initial tests under general operating conditions. 121
4.1 Electrical and mechanical performance . 121
4.2 Power consumption . 123
5 Characteristics of radiofrequency channel. 125
5.1 Tuning characteristics . 125
5.1.1 Operating frequency and its stability . 125
5.1.2 Fine tuning frequency range . 127
5.1.3 Automatic frequency control (AFC) . 127
5.1.4 Tuning sensitivity . 131
5.1.5 Mechanical properties of tuning system . 131
5.1.6 Performance characteristics of presettable tuning systems . 133
5.1.7 Tuning steps . 135
5.2 Sensitivity . 143
5.2.1 General measuring conditions . 143
5.2.2 Gain-limited sensitivity . 143
5.2.3 Noise-limited sensitivity . 145
5.2.4 Synchronizing sensitivity . 145
5.2.5 Colour sensitivity . 147
5.2.6 Coefficient of reflection at the antenna input . 147
5.2.7 Automatic gain control (AGC) static characteristics . 151
5.2.8 Automatic gain control (AGC) dynamic characteristics . 151
5.2.9 Colour killing . 153
5.2.10 Maximum usable single r.f. input signal level . 155
5.2.11 Maximum usable multiple r.f. input signal level . 155
5.3 Selectivity and response to undesired signals . 161
5.3.1 General . 161
5.3.2 Two-signal selectivity . 163
5.3.3 Intermediate frequency interference ratio . 165
5.3.4 Adjacent channel interference ratio . 169

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 7 –
Clause Page
5.3.5 Image interference ratio . 171
5.3.6 Intermodulation interference ratio . 175
5.3.7 Cross-modulation interference ratio . 179
5.3.8 IF beat interference ratio . 183
5.3.9 Spurious frequency interference ratio . 183
5.3.10 Internally generated interference . 185
6 Characteristics of luminance and chrominance channels . 193
6.1 Characteristics of the luminance channel . 193
6.1.1 General measuring conditions . 193
6.1.2 Amplitude response to video frequency . 193
6.1.3 Group delay characteristics to video frequency . 195
6.1.4 Linear waveform response . 197
6.1.5 Line-time non-linearity . 201
6.1.6 Chrominance to luminance intermodulation . 203
6.1.7 Black level and its stability . 205
6.1.8 Cross luminance (SECAM system) . 207
6.2 Characteristics of chrominance channels . 215
6.2.1 General measuring conditions . 215
6.2.2 Chrominance automatic gain control characteristics . 215
6.2.3 Differential gain and differential phase . 217
6.2.4 Amplitude response to modulation frequency . 219
6.2.5 Linear waveform response in chrominance channel . 221
6.2.6 Luminance/chrominance delay inequality . 225
6.2.7 Line-time non-linearity of chrominance signals . 229
6.2.8 Colour signal reproduction characteristics . 231
6.2.9 Stability of colour synchronization . 233
6.2.10 Phase stability of subcarrier oscillator . 233
6.2.11 Cross-colour distortion . 237
6.2.12 Group delay characteristics at subcarrier frequency . 241
6.2.13 Chrominance amplifier and limiter in SECAM receivers . 245
6.3 Demodulation characteristics of chrominance signals inherent in each
colour system (NTSC, PAL and SECAM) . 269
6.3.1 Errors of chrominance signal demodulation angle – NTSC system . 269
6.3.2 Errors of chrominance signal demodulation angle – PAL system . 273
6.3.3 Effects of phase distortion on incoming signal for small picture
areas – PAL system . 275
6.3.4 Direct and delayed signal amplitude matching – SECAM system . 277
6.3.5 Colour flaming on luminance transients – SECAM system . 279

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 9 –
Clause Page
6.3.6 Influence of the reference frequency deviation of the FM
demodulator in SECAM colour decoders . 281
6.3.7 Deviation of the r.f. de-emphasis frequency adjustment in SECAM
colour decoders . 285
6.3.8 Colour crosstalk (SECAM system) . 287
7 Characteristics of displayed pictures . 301
7.1 General properties of the picture . 301
7.1.1 General measuring conditions . 301
7.1.2 Geometric distortion . 301
7.1.3 Over- and under-scanning and centring . 309
7.1.4 Luminance and contrast . 313
7.1.5 Colour purity of colour CRT . 317
7.1.6 White uniformity of colour CRT . 317
7.1.7 Convergence and registration errors . 319
7.1.8 White balance . 321
7.1.9 Resolution . 321
7.1.10 Interference due to asynchronicity of mains frequency with field
scanning frequency . 323
7.1.11 Sound to picture interference . 325
7.1.12 Other characteristics of the picture . 327
7.2 Synchronizing quality . 343
7.2.1 Synchronizing range . 343
7.2.2 Pulling on whites . 345
7.2.3 Pulling on field synchronization pulses . 345
7.2.4 Quality of interlace . 347
7.3 Picture size stability versus changes of CRT beam current . 353
7.3.1 Picture breathing (static loading influences on picture geometry) . 353
7.3.2 Local picture distortion (dynamic loading influences on picture
geometry) . 353
7.4 Characteristics inherent in projection type displays . 359
7.4.1 General . 359
7.4.2 Luminance uniformity . 359
7.4.3 Uniformity of chromaticity . 361
7.4.4 Viewing angle and dependence of luminance uniformity on the angle . 363
7.4.5 Dependence of chromaticity on viewing angle . 365
7.4.6 Screen gain and luminous flux index of a projector . 367
7.4.7 Blanking . 371
7.5 Characteristics inherent in LCD displays . 377
7.5.1 General . 377
7.5.2 Luminance uniformity . 377
7.5.3 Variation of luminance with time . 377
7.5.4 Uniformity of chromaticity . 379
7.5.5 Viewing angle and dependence of luminance uniformity on the angle . 379
7.5.6 Dependence of chromaticity on viewing angle. 379

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 11 –
Clause Page
7.6 Characteristics inherent in widescreen displays. 379
7.6.1 General . 379
7.6.2 Display mode. 379
7.6.3 Methods of measurement . 379
8 Characteristics inherent in the receivers using double-rate scan displays . 381
8.1 General . 381
9 Disturbance on the picture due to signals inserted into the field blanking interval. 383
9.1 Introduction . 383
9.2 Method of measurement . 383
9.3 Presentation of results . 385
10 Characteristics inherent in teletext signals . 385
10.1 General . 385
10.2 General measuring conditions. 385
10.3 Characteristics of teletext signal . 385
Annexes
A Analytical description of the offset-carrier colour bar signal . 387
B Calculation of the relative amplitude and the group delay by the response
of a modulated sine-squared pulse . 391
C Bibliography . 393

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 13 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_____________
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT ON RECEIVERS
FOR TELEVISION BROADCAST TRANSMISSIONS –
Part 1: General considerations –
Measurements at radio and video frequencies
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60107-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 100A: Multimedia
end-user equipment, of IEC technical committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems
and equipment.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1977, amendment 1
(1987) and constitutes a technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100A/5/FDIS 100A/40/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this standard.
Annex C is for information only.

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 15 –
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-EASUREMENTS�AT�RADIO�AND�VIDEO�FREQUENCIES
�� ’ENERAL
1.1 3COPE
This part of IEC 60107 deals with the standard conditions and methods of measurement on
television receivers that conform to the terrestrial broadcast television standards specified by
the ITU-R*. Such receivers may be used for direct off-air reception, reception via cabled
networks or as a monitor for prerecorded video, home movies and games among other
applications. This part does not include the measurements specific to the sound channels
which are dealt with by other parts: IEC 60107-2, 60107-3, 60107-4, and 60107-5.
Measurements for the non-broadcast signals are dealt with by IEC 60107-6.
This part of IEC 60107 deals with the determination of performance and permits the
comparison of equipment by listing the characteristics which are useful for specifications and
by laying down uniform methods of measurement for these characteristics. Performance
requirements are not specified.
This part of IEC 60107 does not deal with general safety matters, for which reference is
required to IEC 60065, or other appropriate IEC safety standards, nor with radiation and
immunity, for which reference is required to CISPR 13 and CISPR 20.
1.2 .ORMATIVE�REFERENCES
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60107. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision and the parties to agreements
based on this part of IEC 60107 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60065: 1985, 3AFETY�REQUIREMENTS�FOR�MAINS�OPERATED�ELECTRONIC�AND�RELATED�APPARATUS�FOR
HOUSEHOLD�AND�SIMILAR�GENERAL�USE
Amendment 2 (1989) which incorporates amendment 1
Amendment 3 (1992)
IEC 60068-1: 1988, %NVIRONMENTAL�TESTING� �0ART����’ENERAL�AND�GUIDANCE
IEC 60107-2: 1997, -ETHODS� OF� MEASUREMENT� ON� RECEIVERS� FOR� TELEVISION� BROADCAST
TRANSMISSIONS� �0ART����!UDIO�CHANNELS� �’ENERAL�METHODS�AND�METHODS�FOR�MONOPHONIC
CHANNELS
IEC 60107-3: 1988, 2ECOMMENDED�METHODS�OF�MEASUREMENT�ON�RECEIVERS�FOR�TELEVISION
BROADCAST�TRANSMISSIONS� �0ART����%LECTRICAL�MEASUREMENTS�ON�MULTICHANNEL�SOUND�TELEVISION
RECEIVERS�USING�SUBCARRIER�SYSTEMS
_________
*  Former CCIR.
60107-1  IEC:1997 – 17 –
IEC 60107-4: 1988, 2ECOMMENDED�METHODS�OF�MEASUREMENTS�ON�RECEIVERS�FOR�TELEVISION
BROADCAST�TRANSMISSIONS� �0ART����%LECTRICAL�MEASUREMENTS�ON�MULTICHANNEL�SOUND�TELEVISION
RECEIVERS�USING�THE�TWO�CARRIER�&-�SYSTEM
IEC 60107-5: 1992, 2ECOMMENDED�METHODS�OF�MEASUREMENT�ON�RECEIVERS�FOR�TELEVISION
BROADCAST�TRANSMISSIONS� �0ART����%LECTRICAL�MEASUREMENTS�ON�MULTICHANNEL�SOUND�TELEVISION
RECEIVERS�USING�THE�.)#!-�TWO�CHANNEL�DIGITAL�SOUND�SYSTEM
IEC 60107-6: 1989, 2ECOMMENDED�METHODS�OF�MEASUREMENT�ON�RECEIVERS�FOR�TELEVISION
BROADCAST�TRANSMISSIONS� �0ART����-EASUREMENTS�UNDER�CONDITIONS�DIFFERENT�FROM�BROADCAST
SIGNAL�STANDARDS
IEC 60569: 1977, )NFORMATIVE�GUIDE�FOR�SUBJECTIVE�TESTS�ON�TELEVISION�RECEIVERS
IEC 60933-1: 1988, !UDIO��VIDEO�AND�AUDIOVISUAL�SYSTEMS� �)NTERCONNECTIONS�AND�MATCHING
VALUES� �0ART�������PIN�CONNECTOR�FOR�VIDEO�SYSTEMS� �!PPLICATION�.O���
Amendment 1 (1992)
IEC 60933-2: 1991, !UDIO��VIDEO�AND�AUDIOVISUAL�SYSTEMS� �)NTERCONNECTIONS�AND�MATCHING
VALUES� �0ART�������PIN�CONNECTOR�FOR�VIDEO�SYSTEMS� �!PPLICATION�.O���
IEC 60933-5: 1992, !UDIO��VIDEO�AND�AUDIOVISUAL�SYSTEMS� �)NTERCONNECTIONS�AND�MATCHING
VALUES� �0ART����9�#�CONNECTOR�FOR�VIDEO�SYSTEMS� �%LECTRICAL�MATCHING�VALUES�AND�DESCRIPTION
OF�THE�CONNECTOR
CISPR 13: 1990, ,IMITS�AND�METHODS�OF�MEASUREMENT�OF�RADIO�INTERFERENCE�CHARACTERISTICS�OF
SOUND�AND�TELEVISION�BROADCAST�RECEIVERS�AND�ASSOCIATED�EQUIPMENT
Amendment 3 (1995) which incorporates amendments 1 and 2
CISPR 20: 1996, ,IMITS�AND�METHODS�OF�MEASUREMENT�OF�IMMUNITY�CHARACTERISTICS�OF�SOUND�AND
TELEVISION�BROADCAST�RECEIVERS�AND�ASSOCIATED�EQUIPMENT
ITU-R BT.471-1: 1994, .OMENCLATURE�AND�DESCRIPTION�OF�COLOUR�BAR�SIGNALS
ITU-T J.63: 1990, )NSERTION�OF�TEST�SIGNALS�IN�THE�FIELD�BLANKING�INTERVAL�OF�MONOCHROME�AND
COLOUR�TELEVISION�SIGNALS
ITU-R BT.470-4: 1995, 4ELEVISION�SYSTEMS
ITU-R BT.814-1: 1994, 3PECIFICATIONS�AND�ALIGNMENT�PROCEDURES�FOR�SETTING�OF�BRIGHTNESS�AND
CONTRAST�OF�DISPLAYS
CIE 15.2: 1986, #OLORIMETRY
CIE 46: 1979, !�REVIEW�OF�PUBLICATIONS�ON�PROPERTIES�AND�REFLECTION�VALUES�OF�MATERIAL�REFLECTION
STANDARDS
C.W. Rhodes, 4HE�����4�MODULATED�SINE�SQUARED�PULSE�FOR�.43#��)%%%�4RANSACTIONS�ON
"ROADCASTING��VOL��"#�����.O�����-ARCH�����
C.A. Siocos, #HROMINANCE�TO�LUMINANCE�RATIO�AND�TIMING�MEASUREMENTS�IN�COLOR�TELEVISION�
)%%%�4RANSACTIONS�ON�BROADCASTING��6OL��"#�����.O�����-ARCH������

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 19 –
�� ’ENERAL�EXPLANATION�OF�TERMS
2.1 $EFINITIONS
For the purpose of this part of IEC 60107-1, the following general definitions apply:
2.1.1 SIGNAL�STRENGTH�� The signal strength is considered to be equal to the r.m.s. value of
unmodulated radiofrequency signal having the same peak envelope amplitude as that of the
modulated television signal at peak amplitude.
2.1.2 PICTURE�MODULATION�PERCENTAGE��The picture modulation percentage is expressed on a
linear scale to indicate the picture signal level at any instant where:
– 0 % picture modulation corresponds to black level;
– 100 % picture modulation corresponds to white level.
NOTE – The peak colour signal modulation can exceed these values.
2.1.3 AUDIO�MODULATION�PERCENTAGE�� The audio modulation percentage is expressed on a
linear scale. The modulation percentages to be used during measurements are described in
3.3.2.
NOTE – Audio modulation is needed when making some of the video measurements.
2.1.4 ENVELOPE�LEVEL��The envelope level is expressed on a linear scale to indicate the level
of the vision radiofrequency signal at any given instant.
2.1.5 LUMINANCE�� Luminance (L) in a given direction is the luminous intensity per unit of
projected area of any surface, as viewed for that direction.
The luminance value is expressed in candela per square metre (cd/m ).
2.1.6 CHROMATICITY� Property of colour stimulus defined by chromaticity coordinates (X, Y) of
the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system or chromaticity coordinates (U′, V′) of the CIE 1976
uniform chromaticity system (see IEV 845-03-34)
2.1.7 COMPOSITE� VIDEO� SIGNAL�� A composite video signal is a signal comprising the
luminance, chrominance and the complete synchronizing information. It can also include digital
data.
2.2 4YPES�OF�RECEIVERS
Television receivers are usually designed to be capable of receiving broadcast and similar
signals in a variety of ways. Examples are direct off-air reception or via a cabled network in the
VHF/UHF bands, and from satellite broadcasts in conjunction with an outdoor unit and a DBS
tuner. The signal may also include digital information, such as teletext.
For non-broadcast signals, the receiver may be used as a monitor to display prerecorded video
or home movies. The equipment providing such information may modulate the signals on an r.f.
carrier for connection to the antenna terminal, or provide baseband signals or both.

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 21 –
General purpose television receivers are usually designed for all the above external signals.
They may also include a DBS tuner/decoder and decoders for data information signals. Or, the
receiver may be provided with outlets to permit use as a tuner.
The methods of measurement described in this standard take account of the various options.
2.3 0ERIPHERAL�CONNECTORS
Most receivers are provided with connectors for the interface with audio and video signals other
than those at radiofrequencies. Examples are the 21-pin connector (see IEC 60933-1 and
IEC 60933-2) and Y/C connector (see IEC 60933-5).
�� ’ENERAL�NOTES�ON�MEASUREMENT
3.1 ’ENERAL�CONDITIONS
Measurements shall be made in accordance with the following conditions to ensure repeatable
results.
3.1.1 /PERATION�CONDITIONS
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant clauses, the receiver under test shall be brought
under the standard measuring conditions, as specified in 3.6.
3.1.2 4EST�ROOM
Measurements shall be carried out in a room which is not subject to external interference from
radiofrequency and low-frequency electromagnetic fields. If interference may affect the results,
the measurements shall be carried out in a screened room.
3.1.3 0RESENTATION�OF�RESULTS
The results of measurement shall be listed in a table or presented graphically. However, the
relationship between two or more quantities is often more clearly represented in a graph than in
a table.
When the results of a point-by-point measurement for an individual sample are presented as a
continuous curve in a graph, the measured points shall be clearly indicated. Extrapolated,
theoretical or other information presented, but not based on direct measurements, shall be
clearly distinguished from measured curves, for example by another style of drawing. Linear or
logarithmic scales are recommended for graphical presentation. Linear decibel scales are
equivalent to logarithmic scales.
If deviations from the recommended method are adopted, these shall be clearly stated with the
results. When known, the accuracy of measuring instruments shall also be given.
3.1.4 %NVIRONMENTAL�CONDITIONS
Measurements and mechanical checks may be carried out at any combination of temperature,
humidity, and pressure, within the following limits:

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 23 –
° ° °
– ambient temperature: 15 C to 35 C, preferably 20 C;
– relative humidity: 25 % to 75 %;
– air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
For equipment designed for use in vehicles, the ambient temperature limits are provisionally
5 °C to 45 °C (final values are under consideration).
If the manufacturer finds it necessary to specify climatic conditions differing from the above,
these should be chosen from IEC 60068-1 and the measurements shall be made under the
specified conditions.
The conditions mentioned above represent those under which the equipment is required to
meet its specifications. Over a wider range the equipment may operate but not meet all of its
specifications and it may be permissible to store the equipment under much more extreme
conditions. For more complete discussion of these concepts refer to IEC 60068.
3.1.5 0RECAUTIONS�DURING�MEASUREMENT
When carrying out measurements, all test conditions or operations which may lead to damage
of the receiver shall be avoided. This applies particularly to sensitive solid-state devices and
similar constructions.
If a protective cover is removed and parts that are directly connected to the mains become
accessible, the equipment shall be connected to the a.c. mains via a safety transformer whose
secondary winding is insulated in accordance with the principle of double insulation.
It shall be ascertained that the use of a safety transformer does not influence the receiver
properties to be measured. In particular, the internal impedance of the safety transformer shall
be sufficiently low for the behaviour of the receiver to be the same as when directly connected
to the mains supply.
3.1.6 0OWER�SUPPLY
The following types of power supply are considered:
– mains: any centralized a.c. or d.c. power sources;
– batteries: accumulators, primary batteries or similar sources such as solar batteries,
thermo-electric cells etc;
– a.c. adapters: alternatives to normally lower d.c. voltage power sources and appropriately
specified for the receiver.
The type, voltage and internal resistance of the power sources used during the measurements
shall be either the power source specified for the receiver or closely simulate it. Any substitute
arrangement used shall be stated with the results.
Receivers intended for use with more than one type of power supply should be measured with
each type of power supply.
NOTE – In this respect, a.c. and d.c. mains are considered different types of power supply.
Measurements of the receiver characteristics shall be carried out at the rated voltage of the
power supply. The fluctuation of the power supply voltage during the tests shall not exceed
±2 %. When a.c. mains are used, the frequency fluctuation and the harmonic components of
the power supply shall not exceed ±2 % and 5 % respectively.

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 25 –
To determine the influence of variations in the supply voltages on the receiver characteristics,
supplementary measurements may be needed at overvoltages and undervoltages, these being
chosen appropriately with due regard to the manufacturer’s specifications.
3.1.7 Stabilization period
In order to ensure that when measurements begin, the receiver characteristics are not
changing significantly with time, the receiver shall be operated under standard measuring
conditions for a sufficient period to permit the characteristics to stabilize.
3.2 Test signals
3.2.1 Video test signals
Video test signals shall be electronically generated.
Waveforms of test signals and test patterns shown in this subclause are examples, other
signals with similar characteristics may be used.
The amplitude of a picture component is measured from the blanking level and expressed as
a percentage to the amplitude of the reference white level. Synchronizing tips correspond to
–40 % for NTSC system and –43 % for PAL and SECAM systems. No set-up is given in the
figures of the signal waveforms except for one of the NTSC colour bar signals, so that the
black level coincides with the blanking level. If the system for the receiver under test requires a
set-up, the black level corresponds to the blanking level plus the set-up level.
All the composite signals which are used to judge colour or background colour shall be
provided with the colour burst for the relevant system. For the SECAM system, these signals
shall be superimposed by the subcarrier applicable to the relevant colour and with the standard
amplitude.
The white reference level can be obtained from composite test patterns, (100/0/75/0) colour
bar, split-field colour bar, three vertical bar and staircase signals, which are defined in this
subclause.
Test signals for measuring general properties of pictures include patterns for testing wide
screen displays with 16:9 aspect ratio.
NOTES
1 The insertion test (ITS) signals defined by the Recommendation ITU-R BT.473-5 can be applied for testing
the luminance and chrominance channels.
2 In order to avoid excessive overshoots of the signal waveform which may occur in the television test
modulator and the receiver under test, high-frequency components of the signal beyond 6 MHz should be
attenuated by a suitable low-pass filter.
3 Figures of waveforms with subcarrier and/or burst refer mainly to NTSC and PAL; for measurements on
composite signals or luminance signals, they can be used in SECAM receivers as well.
Specific SECAM waveforms with subcarrier are indicated as such.
4 In the case of SECAM measurements, the waveforms intended for black and white measurements will be
superimposed with SECAM subcarrier at the frequency and amplitude corresponding to black and white.

60107-1  IEC:1997 – 27 –
3.2.1.1 Composite test pattern signal
A composite test pattern signal comprises a combination of monochrome and colour signal
components that offer as much information as possible on the performance of the television
system. Such a pattern should include at least the following items:
– circles, and equidistant horizontal and vertical lines for linearity and colour convergence
checks;
– a marking to check the aspect ratio;
– a known brightness scale of brightness steps from five to ten for gradation checks;
– vertical and horizontal definition wedges in the centre and in the four corners of the
picture area;
– vertical bars of different widths or a wedge and horizontal blocks giving black-white and
white-black transitions for checking overshoot, reflections, and low-frequency response;
– areas at the reference white level and black level to check the maximum and minimum
brightness of the picture;
– coloured areas to check decoding operation, colour transitions and luminance/
chrominance time equalization.
An average picture level (APL) of the pattern signal should be approximately 50 %.
3.2.1.2 Colour bar signal
A colour bar signal consists of vertical bands of colours in order of descending luminance, left
to right, which are defined by the ITU-R Recommendation BT.471-1. The colour bar signal for
PAL and SECAM receivers shall be a full-field type colour bar signal consisting of (100/0/75/0)
bars. For the SECAM receivers, (30/0/30/0) bars are also required.
The colour bar signal for NTSC receivers shall be a split-field type colour bar signal consisting
of (75/0/75/0) bars or (77/7,5/77/7,5) bars, a 100 % white window and other colour windows.
The primary colour signals of the bars are shown in figure 1.
NOTE – For the nomenclature of bars, see ITU-R Recommendation BT.471-1.
The same bar arrangements can be used for wide aspect ratio pictures.
The composite colour signal of the bars shall comply with the television standard used.
Waveforms of the composite colour signals for NTSC, PAL and SECAM systems are shown in
figures 2 to 8.
3.2.1.3 Three vertical bar signal
The three vertical bar signal produces three equidistant vertical white bars on a black
background. The width of each bar is 1/6 times the nominal horizontal width (W) of the picture.
A line-time waveform of the signal is shown in figure 9. This signal has an APL of 50 % and
includes the reference white level. It is suitable for setting the output signal level and the
luminance level of white.
60107-1  IEC:1997 – 29 –
For the SECAM measurements, the subcarrier with the frequency and amplitude corresponding
to black and white is superimposed on the signal.
The same bar width can be applied for the wide aspect ratio picture.
3.2.1.4 White and black cross-hatch pattern signals
The white cross-hatch pattern signal produces a white cross-hatch on a black background and
the black cross-hatch pattern signal produces a black cross-hatch on a white background.
The white cross-hatch pattern is used to measure convergence errors or registration errors of
displays and the black cross-hatch pattern is used as a scale for locating a point on the screen
and other purposes.
The cross-hatch pattern consists of equidistant horizontal and vertical lines which form
rectangular windows. Numbers of the lines are 13 and 17 for the standard aspect ratio of 4:3,
and 13 and 21 for the wide aspect ratio of 16:9, as shown in figure 10.
For colour-frame testing on luminance transients in the SECAM system, a white cross-hatch
pattern signal with the subcarrier representing neutral colour is also required. The subcarrier is
superimposed on the pattern at the standard amplitude.
3.2.1.5 Flat level, full white, full grey and full black signals
The flat level signal is a full-field flat amplitude signal, as shown in figure 11. The picture
amplitude is continuously variable from 0 % to 100 %.
The full white, full grey and full black signal are flat level signals whose amplitudes are set at
100 %, 50 % and 0 % respectively.
For the SECAM measurements, the subcarrier with the frequency and amplitude corresponding
to black and white is superimposed on the signal.
These signals are used to measure luminance and other characteristics of displays.
3.2.1.6 White window signal and wide white window signal
The white window signal produces a white rectangular window on the black background, as
shown in figure 12. The width of the window is 1/6 times the active picture height (H). The
signal amplitude of the window is variable from 10 % to 100 %.
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